particularity requirement (New York) · Go Syfert
← New York issues

particularity requirement in New York

43 New York opinions name it 8 courts 1985–2025 18 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (29)

CaseFollowedCited
United States v. Galpingreen
ca2 · 2013 · cited in 9 New York opinions naming this issue, 2016–2024
2 sentences

2024To meet the particularity requirement, a search warrant must (1) "identify the specific offense for which the police have established probable cause," (2) "describe the place to be searched," and (3) "specify the items to be seized by their relation to designated crimes" ( United States v Galpin , 720 F3d 436, 445-446 [2d Cir 2013] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v Saeli [appeal No. 1], 219 AD3d 1122 , 1124 [4th Dept 2023]; see generally People v Madigan , 169 AD3d 1467 , 1468 [4th Dept 2019], [*2]lv denied 33 NY3d 1033 [2019]).

2024"To meet the particularity requirement, a search warrant must (1) 'identify the specific offense for which the police have established probable cause,' (2) 'describe the place [or person] to be searched,' and (3) 'specify the items to be seized by their relation to designated crimes' " ( People v Wiggins , 229 AD3d 1095 , 1096 [4th Dept 2024], quoting United States v Galpin , 720 F3d 436, 445-446 [2d Cir 2013]; see People v Saeli [appeal No. 1], 219 AD3d 1122 , 1124 [4th Dept 2023]).

89
People v. Browngreen
ny · 2001 · cited in 6 New York opinions naming this issue, 2003–2025
2 sentences

2025Thus, "[t]o meet the particularity requirement, the warrant's directive must be specific enough to leave no discretion to the executing officer" ( People v Brown , 96 NY2d 80, 84 [2001] [citations and internal quotation marks omitted]).

2021To meet the particularity requirement, the warrant's directive must be 'specific enough to leave no discretion to the executing officer' " ( People v Brown , 96 NY2d 80, 84 [2001]).

46
People v. Cahillgreen
ny · 2003 · cited in 4 New York opinions naming this issue, 2022–2023
2 sentences

2023Consistent with the constitutional provisions, CPL 690.45(4) requires that when a search warrant authorizes the seizure of property, the warrant must include "[a] description of the property which is the subject of the search." "To meet the particularity requirement, the warrant.must be specific enough to leave no discretion to the police" (see People v Cahill, 2 NY3d 14, 41 [2003]).

2023Consistent with the constitutional provisions, CPL 690.45(4) requires that when a search warrant authorizes the seizure of property, the warrant must include "[a] description of the property which is the subject of the search." "To meet the particularity requirement, the warrant must be specific enough to leave no discretion to the police" (see People v Cahill, 2 NY3d 14, 41 [2003]).

44
People v. Garciagreen
nyappdiv · 2011 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023This Court recognizes the "strong judicial preferences for search warrants" (People v Leggio, 84 AD3d 1116, 1117 [2d Dept 2011]).

2023This Court recognizes the "strong judicial preferences for search warrants" (People v Leggio, 84 AD3d 1116, 1117 [2d Dept 2011]).

33
People v. Nievesgreen
ny · 1975 · cited in 5 New York opinions naming this issue, 1995–2025
2 sentences

2025In gauging whether a search warrant satisfies the particularity requirement of the Federal Constitution, the court must view the description of the premises to be searched with common sense: the descriptions in the warrant, the affidavit supporting the warrant application, and the testimony given in the in camera hearing must be sufficiently definite to enable the police to identify the place that the judge determined should be searched ( Nieves , 36 NY2d at 401-402 ). [FN9] "In reviewing the validity of a search warrant to determine . . . whether it contained a sufficiently particular descrip

2025In gauging whether a search warrant satisfies the particularity requirement of the Federal Constitution, the court must view the description of the premises to be searched with common sense: the descriptions in the warrant, the affidavit supporting the warrant application, and the testimony given in the in camera hearing must be sufficiently definite to enable the police to identify the place that the judge determined should be searched ( Nieves , 36 NY2d at 401-402 ). [FN9] "In reviewing the validity of a search warrant to determine . . . whether it contained a sufficiently particular descrip

25
People v. Darlinggreen
ny · 2000 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2001–2019
2 sentences

2019"To meet the particularity requirement, the warrant's directive must be specific enough to leave no discretion to the executing officer'" ( id. at 84 , quoting People v Darling , 95 NY2d 530, 537 ; see Andresen v Maryland , 427 US 463, 480 ).

2016As the Second Circuit argued in United States v Galpin, there must be a “heightened sensitivity to the particularity requirement in the context of digital searches” because the government, by necessity, must make at least a cursory examination of numerous non-responsive communications to discover the particular content authorized by a warrant. ( 720 F3d at 447 .) The warrants’ directives in this case certainly did not “leave no discretion to the executing officer.” (People v Brown at 84 .) A warrant must be “specific enough” to ensure that “the Judge and not the officer fixes the scope of the

23
People v. Hanlongreen
ny · 1975 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 1987–2024
2 sentences

2024Assuming, arguendo, that defendant's challenges to the warrants are "preserved for our review because [their] validity [on those grounds] was expressly decided by the court" ( People v Colon , 192 AD3d 1567, 1568 [4th Dept 2021], lv denied 37 NY3d 955 [2021]; see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Prado , 4 NY3d 725, 726 [2004], rearg denied 4 NY3d 795 [2005]), we conclude that the warrants, which are "cloak[ed] . . . with a presumption of validity" ( People v DeProspero , 91 AD3d 39, 44 [4th Dept 2011], affd 20 NY3d 527 [2013] [internal quotation marks omitted]) and are not to "be read in a hypertechni

1987(See, discussion in People v Hanlon, 36 NY2d 549, 559 [1975] [per Wachtler, J.].) Defendants next contend that the warrant itself is defective because it fails to satisfy the particularity requirement of the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution.

22
Ridinger v. West Chelsea Development Partners LLCgreen
nyappdiv · 2017 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2019
2 sentences

2019Partners LLC , 150 AD3d 559, 560 [1st Dept 2017]).

2017Partners LLC, 150 AD3d 559, 560 [1st Dept 2017]; see Gateway I Group, Inc. v Park Ave.

22
People v. Raineygreen
ny · 1964 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2025
2 sentences

2025In gauging whether a search warrant satisfies the particularity requirement of the Federal Constitution, the court must view the description of the premises to be searched with common sense: the descriptions in the warrant, the affidavit supporting the warrant application, and the testimony given in the in camera hearing must be sufficiently definite to enable the police to identify the place that the judge determined should be searched ( Nieves , 36 NY2d at 401-402 ). [FN9] "In reviewing the validity of a search warrant to determine . . . whether it contained a sufficiently particular descrip

2023In People v Rainey ( 14 NY2d 35 ), the Court of Appeals held that a search warrant was overbroad, in violation of the particularity requirement of the Federal and State Constitutions, since the warrant authorized the search of an entire residential building, even though the police officer who procured the warrant was aware that the building contained two separate apartments.

13
Andresen v. Marylandgreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2000–2019
2 sentences

2019"To meet the particularity requirement, the warrant's directive must be specific enough to leave no discretion to the executing officer'" ( id. at 84 , quoting People v Darling , 95 NY2d 530, 537 ; see Andresen v Maryland , 427 US 463, 480 ).

2001To meet the particularity requirement, the warrant’s directive must be “specific enough to leave no discretion to the executing officer” (People v Darling, 95 NY2d 530, 537 [citing Andresen v Maryland, 427 US 463, 480 ; Marron v United States, 275 US 192, 196 ]).

13
Efdey Electric, Inc. v. Harold S. Elovichgreen
nyappdiv · 1989 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Here, issues of fact exist necessitating a hearing ( see CPL 710.60[4] [requiring the court to conduct a hearing on a suppression motion if not summarily granted or denied]; see also People v Otero , 151 AD2d 236 [1st Dept 1989]).

11
People v. Dealmeidagreen
nyappdiv · 2015 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Thus, we conclude that defendant "established that a motion to suppress would likely be successful, and that defense counsel had no strategic or other legitimate explanation for not moving to suppress the evidence" ( People v Dealmeida , 124 AD3d 1405, 1407 [4th Dept 2015]; see Riley , 573 US at 386; Wiggins , 229 AD3d at 1096-1097).

11
People v. DeProsperogreen
nyappdiv · 2011 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Assuming, arguendo, that defendant's challenges to the warrants are "preserved for our review because [their] validity [on those grounds] was expressly decided by the court" ( People v Colon , 192 AD3d 1567, 1568 [4th Dept 2021], lv denied 37 NY3d 955 [2021]; see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Prado , 4 NY3d 725, 726 [2004], rearg denied 4 NY3d 795 [2005]), we conclude that the warrants, which are "cloak[ed] . . . with a presumption of validity" ( People v DeProspero , 91 AD3d 39, 44 [4th Dept 2011], affd 20 NY3d 527 [2013] [internal quotation marks omitted]) and are not to "be read in a hypertechni

11
People v. Colongreen
nyappdiv · 2021 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Assuming, arguendo, that defendant's challenges to the warrants are "preserved for our review because [their] validity [on those grounds] was expressly decided by the court" ( People v Colon , 192 AD3d 1567, 1568 [4th Dept 2021], lv denied 37 NY3d 955 [2021]; see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Prado , 4 NY3d 725, 726 [2004], rearg denied 4 NY3d 795 [2005]), we conclude that the warrants, which are "cloak[ed] . . . with a presumption of validity" ( People v DeProspero , 91 AD3d 39, 44 [4th Dept 2011], affd 20 NY3d 527 [2013] [internal quotation marks omitted]) and are not to "be read in a hypertechni

11
People v. Pradogreen
ny · 2004 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Assuming, arguendo, that defendant's challenges to the warrants are "preserved for our review because [their] validity [on those grounds] was expressly decided by the court" ( People v Colon , 192 AD3d 1567, 1568 [4th Dept 2021], lv denied 37 NY3d 955 [2021]; see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Prado , 4 NY3d 725, 726 [2004], rearg denied 4 NY3d 795 [2005]), we conclude that the warrants, which are "cloak[ed] . . . with a presumption of validity" ( People v DeProspero , 91 AD3d 39, 44 [4th Dept 2011], affd 20 NY3d 527 [2013] [internal quotation marks omitted]) and are not to "be read in a hypertechni

11
People v. Cartergreen
nyappdiv · 2006 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
The People v. Joel Josephgreen
ny · 2016 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Defendant's related contention that the search warrant failed to meet the particularity requirement is unpreserved ( see CPL 470.05 [2]; see generally People v Williams , 127 AD3d 612 , 612 [1st Dept 2015], lv denied 27 NY3d 1009 [2016]), and we decline to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice.

11
People v. Yuklgreen
ny · 1969 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
Maryland v. Garrisongreen
scotus · 1987 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021In Rainey, the warrant was “void in its inception” because of the officer’s actual knowledge of facts that rendered the warrant’s description of the premises overbroad (id. at 39), a principle that would extend to invalidate a warrant where the applicant should have known, from reasonable investigation, that the warrant’s description was overbroad (see Maryland v Garrison, 480 US 79, 85 [1987] [the validity of a warrant to search the third floor of a building turned on whether “the officers had known, or even if they should have known, that there were two separate dwelling units on the third f

11
Lee v. Chun Ka Lukgreen
nyappdiv · 2015 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
American Transit Insurance v. Solorzanogreen
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
Gateway I Group, Inc. v. Park Avenue Physicians, P.C.green
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
BCRE 230 Riverside v. Fuchsgreen
nyappdiv · 2009 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Ramos v. Madison Square Garden Corp.green
nyappdiv · 1999 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Fowles v. Stategreen
nyclaimsct · 1991 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Sinacore v. Stategreen
nyclaimsct · 1998 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Chime v. Sicuranzagreen
nyappdiv · 1995 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
11
United States v. Ventrescagreen
scotus · 1965 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
Conan Properties, Inc. v. Mattel, Inc.green
nysd · 1985 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (35)

CaseCitedYears
Pappalardo v. Westchester Rockland Newspapers, Inc. neutral
nyappdiv · 1984
2 sentences

2024Without annexing the "libelous" complaint to the pleading, the quoted allegations are insufficient to satisfy the particularity requirement under CPLR 3016(a) ( see Polish American Immigration Relief Committee, Inc. v. Relax, 172 AD2d 374 [1st Dept 1991] [attaching entire article containing alleged libelous material to the complaint satisfied specificity pleading requirement]; Pappalardo v. Westchester Rockland Newspapers, 101 AD2d 830 [2d Dept 1984] [specificity requirement is satisfied by inclusion of the purported libelous words directly in the complaint or by incorporation]).

2024Without annexing the "libelous" complaint to the pleading, the quoted allegations are insufficient to satisfy the particularity requirement under CPLR 3016(a) ( see Polish American Immigration Relief Committee, Inc. v. Relax, 172 AD2d 374 [1st Dept 1991] [attaching entire article containing alleged libelous material to the complaint satisfied specificity pleading requirement]; Pappalardo v. Westchester Rockland Newspapers, 101 AD2d 830 [2d Dept 1984] [specificity requirement is satisfied by inclusion of the purported libelous words directly in the complaint or by incorporation]).

22024–2024
Polish American Immigration Relief Committee, Inc. v. Relax green
nyappdiv · 1991
2 sentences

2024Without annexing the "libelous" complaint to the pleading, the quoted allegations are insufficient to satisfy the particularity requirement under CPLR 3016(a) ( see Polish American Immigration Relief Committee, Inc. v. Relax, 172 AD2d 374 [1st Dept 1991] [attaching entire article containing alleged libelous material to the complaint satisfied specificity pleading requirement]; Pappalardo v. Westchester Rockland Newspapers, 101 AD2d 830 [2d Dept 1984] [specificity requirement is satisfied by inclusion of the purported libelous words directly in the complaint or by incorporation]).

2024Without annexing the "libelous" complaint to the pleading, the quoted allegations are insufficient to satisfy the particularity requirement under CPLR 3016(a) ( see Polish American Immigration Relief Committee, Inc. v. Relax, 172 AD2d 374 [1st Dept 1991] [attaching entire article containing alleged libelous material to the complaint satisfied specificity pleading requirement]; Pappalardo v. Westchester Rockland Newspapers, 101 AD2d 830 [2d Dept 1984] [specificity requirement is satisfied by inclusion of the purported libelous words directly in the complaint or by incorporation]).

22024–2024
Groh v. Ramirez green
scotus · 2004
2 sentences

2019The particularity requirement " assures the individual whose property is searched or seized of the lawful authority of the executing officer, his need to search, and the limits of his power to search'" ( Groh , 540 US at 561 ).

2019"Indeed, indiscriminate searches pursuant to general warrants were the immediate evils that motivated the framing and adoption of the Fourth Amendment'" ( id. at 84 , quoting Payton v New York , 445 US 573, 583 ). " [A] search conducted pursuant to a warrant that fails to conform to the particularity requirement of the Fourth Amendment is unconstitutional'" ( Groh v Ramirez , 540 US 551, 559 , quoting Massachusetts v Sheppard , 468 US 981 , 988 n 5).

22019–2019
Marine Midland Bank v. Zurich Insurance green
nyappdiv · 1999
2 sentences

2014Co., 263 AD2d 382 [1st Dept 1999]).

2014Co., 263 AD2d 382 [1st Dept 1999]).

22014–2014
Marron v. United States green
scotus · 1927
2 sentences

2001To meet the particularity requirement, the warrant’s directive must be “specific enough to leave no discretion to the executing officer” (People v Darling, 95 NY2d 530, 537 [citing Andresen v Maryland, 427 US 463, 480 ; Marron v United States, 275 US 192, 196 ]).

2000To minimize invasiveness, the Fourth Amendment requires that the Judge’s directive be specific enough to leave no discretion to the executing officer (Andresen v Maryland, 427 US 463, 480 ; Marron v United States, 275 US 192, 196 ; People v Nieves, 36 NY2d 396, 401 ).

22000–2001
People v. Conley green
nyappdiv · 2021
2 sentences

2025In our decision on the direct appeal, we concluded that defendant's "contention that the search warrant failed to meet the particularity requirement [was] unpreserved" and "decline[d] to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice" ( Conley , 192 AD3d at 1618 ), leaving defendant's ineffective assistance contention based on evidence outside the record for a subsequent CPL 440.10 motion ( Conley , 192 AD3d at 1621 ).

2025In our decision on the direct appeal, we concluded that defendant's "contention that the search warrant failed to meet the particularity requirement [was] unpreserved" and "decline[d] to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice" ( Conley , 192 AD3d at 1618 ), leaving defendant's ineffective assistance contention based on evidence outside the record for a subsequent CPL 440.10 motion ( Conley , 192 AD3d at 1621 ).

12025–2025
People v. Otero green
nyappdiv · 1991
2 sentences

2025In gauging whether a search warrant satisfies the particularity requirement of the Federal Constitution, the court must view the description of the premises to be searched with common sense: the descriptions in the warrant, the affidavit supporting the warrant application, and the testimony given in the in camera hearing must be sufficiently definite to enable the police to identify the place that the judge determined should be searched ( Nieves , 36 NY2d at 401-402 ). [FN9] "In reviewing the validity of a search warrant to determine . . . whether it contained a sufficiently particular descrip

2025In gauging whether a search warrant satisfies the particularity requirement of the Federal Constitution, the court must view the description of the premises to be searched with common sense: the descriptions in the warrant, the affidavit supporting the warrant application, and the testimony given in the in camera hearing must be sufficiently definite to enable the police to identify the place that the judge determined should be searched ( Nieves , 36 NY2d at 401-402 ). [FN9] "In reviewing the validity of a search warrant to determine . . . whether it contained a sufficiently particular descrip

12025–2025
Sheehy v. Clifford Chance Rogers & Wells LLP green
ny · 2005
1 sentence

2024Assuming, arguendo, that defendant's challenges to the warrants are "preserved for our review because [their] validity [on those grounds] was expressly decided by the court" ( People v Colon , 192 AD3d 1567, 1568 [4th Dept 2021], lv denied 37 NY3d 955 [2021]; see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Prado , 4 NY3d 725, 726 [2004], rearg denied 4 NY3d 795 [2005]), we conclude that the warrants, which are "cloak[ed] . . . with a presumption of validity" ( People v DeProspero , 91 AD3d 39, 44 [4th Dept 2011], affd 20 NY3d 527 [2013] [internal quotation marks omitted]) and are not to "be read in a hypertechni

12024–2024
Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Flagstar Capital Mkts. green
ny · 2018
2 sentences

2024Corp. , 143 AD3d 15 [1st Dept 2016], affd 32 NY3d 139 [2018]), and such claim is not subject to a heightened particularity standard in pleadings ( see Miami Firefighters' Relief & Pension Fund v Icahn , 199 AD3d 524, 526 [1st Dept 2021]).

2024Corp. , 143 AD3d 15 [1st Dept 2016], affd 32 NY3d 139 [2018]), and such claim is not subject to a heightened particularity standard in pleadings ( see Miami Firefighters' Relief & Pension Fund v Icahn , 199 AD3d 524 , 526 [1st Dept 2021]).

12024–2024
Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. v. Flagstar Capital Markets Corp. green
nyappdiv · 2016
2 sentences

2024Corp. , 143 AD3d 15 [1st Dept 2016], affd 32 NY3d 139 [2018]), and such claim is not subject to a heightened particularity standard in pleadings ( see Miami Firefighters' Relief & Pension Fund v Icahn , 199 AD3d 524, 526 [1st Dept 2021]).

2024Corp. , 143 AD3d 15 [1st Dept 2016], affd 32 NY3d 139 [2018]), and such claim is not subject to a heightened particularity standard in pleadings ( see Miami Firefighters' Relief & Pension Fund v Icahn , 199 AD3d 524 , 526 [1st Dept 2021]).

12024–2024
People v. DeProspero green
ny · 2013
1 sentence

2024Assuming, arguendo, that defendant's challenges to the warrants are "preserved for our review because [their] validity [on those grounds] was expressly decided by the court" ( People v Colon , 192 AD3d 1567, 1568 [4th Dept 2021], lv denied 37 NY3d 955 [2021]; see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Prado , 4 NY3d 725, 726 [2004], rearg denied 4 NY3d 795 [2005]), we conclude that the warrants, which are "cloak[ed] . . . with a presumption of validity" ( People v DeProspero , 91 AD3d 39, 44 [4th Dept 2011], affd 20 NY3d 527 [2013] [internal quotation marks omitted]) and are not to "be read in a hypertechni

12024–2024
People v. Vanness green
nyappdiv · 2013
2 sentences

2022Here, the warrant authorized police to search defendant's cell phone, which was already at the police station, and seize "records and documents . . . in the form of internet history, SMS, MMS, IM, Chats, Contacts, GPS coordinates, Cell locations [and] Call logs" including "[a]ny access numbers, passcodes, swipe code patterns, passwords, personal identification numbers (PINS), logs, notes, memoranda and correspondence relating to computer, electronic and voice mail systems, Internet addresses and/or related contacts," "[a]ny and all photographs and/or videos" and "GPS Location History." The war

2022Here, the warrant authorized police to search defendant's cell phone, which was already at the police station, and seize "records and documents . . . in the form of internet history, SMS, MMS, IM, Chats, Contacts, GPS coordinates, Cell locations [and] Call logs" including "[a]ny access numbers, passcodes, swipe code patterns, passwords, personal identification numbers (PINS), logs, notes, memoranda and correspondence relating to computer, electronic and voice mail systems, Internet addresses and/or related contacts," "[a]ny and all photographs and/or videos" and "GPS Location History." The war

12022–2022
Patterson v. District Court of Oklahoma green
scotus · 1970
1 sentence

2021We reject the contentions of defendant, presented in her pro se supplemental brief, that the court erred in failing to suppress certain statements she made to police investigators on December 21, 2015, and February 5, 2016. "[B]oth the elements of police 'custody' and police 'interrogation' must be present before law enforcement officials constitutionally are obligated to provide the procedural safeguards imposed upon them by Miranda " ( People v Huffman , 41 NY2d 29 , 33 [1976]). "[T]he fact that a defendant is being interviewed in the police station does not necessarily mean that he [or she]

12021–2021
Payton v. New York green
scotus · 1980
12019–2019
United States v. Rosa green
ca2 · 2010
12019–2019
Massachusetts v. Sheppard green
scotus · 1984
12019–2019
Matter of New York State Off. of Mental Health v. Joseph C. green
nyappdiv · 2015
12018–2018
Horton v. California green
scotus · 1990
12016–2016
Kevin Spence & Sons, Inc. v. Boar's Head Provisions Co. green
nyappdiv · 2004
12010–2010
Murganti v. Weber green
nyappdiv · 1998
12009–2009
Coolidge v. New Hampshire green
scotus · 1971
12001–2001
Lanzi v. Brooks green
ny · 1977
12000–2000
Foster v. Churchill green
ny · 1996
11998–1998
People v. Pfunter green
nyappdiv · 1984
11998–1998
O'Neil v. Peekskill Faculty Ass'n green
nyappdiv · 1986
11998–1998
Mansour v. Abrams green
nyappdiv · 1988
11998–1998
Loughry v. Lincoln First Bank, N. A. green
ny · 1986
11998–1998
People v. Lemazzo green
nysupct · 1993
11995–1995
People v. Tranka green
nyappdiv · 1993
11995–1995
Watkins v. United States green
scotus · 1979
11995–1995
SNR Holdings, Inc. v. Ataka America, Inc. green
nyappdiv · 1976
11992–1992
Curreri v. Verni green
nyappdiv · 1989
11992–1992
Barr v. Wackman green
ny · 1975
11992–1992
McLearn v. Cowen & Co. green
ny · 1979
11987–1987
Marcus v. Search Warrant of Property green
scotus · 1961
11985–1985

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 125.25 (3) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 265.02 (3) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 265.03 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 108 (1925–2026) WA 73 (1980–2025) NC 72 (1972–2026) OH 71 (1987–2026) TX 63 (1991–2026) OR 53 (1979–2026) PA 49 (1982–2026) FL 48 (1983–2024) DE 47 (1990–2026) NY 43 (1985–2025) MA 42 (1976–2026) WI 37 (1975–2025) GA 35 (1907–2026) MI 33 (1988–2026) CO 29 (1982–2026) TN 25 (1998–2021) IL 24 (1978–2025) MD 23 (1983–2024) IN 23 (1984–2026) CT 23 (1986–2026) MO 21 (1980–2021) NJ 20 (1976–2026) MN 20 (1989–2026) UT 19 (1990–2026) NM 18 (1960–2025) LA 17 (1977–2020) IA 17 (1981–2025) KS 16 (1992–2026) ID 13 (1987–2017) ND 13 (1984–2021) AZ 13 (1985–2022) RI 11 (1983–2023) AL 10 (1985–2018) HI 9 (1980–2020) MT 9 (1991–2021) AK 8 (1973–2025) VA 8 (1992–2026) NE 8 (2014–2025) WY 6 (1974–2025) KY 6 (2007–2015) NV 5 (2015–2025) NH 5 (1990–2019) SC 5 (2005–2023) OK 5 (1990–2015) VI 4 (1980–2026) DC 4 (1992–2026) VT 4 (1985–2024) AR 3 (2019–2026) WV 3 (1988–2026) MS 3 (2011–2020) SD 2 (2000–2008) ME 2 (2020–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check