establishment clause (Vermont) · Go Syfert
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establishment clause in Vermont

5 Vermont opinions name it 1 courts 1979–2017 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Vermont courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (5)

CaseFollowedCited
Jarvis v. Gillespiegreen
vt · 1991 · cited in 1 Vermont opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
2 sentences

2003Cmty. Church, 168 Vt. 478, 485-88 , 720 A.2d 20 , 25-27 (1998) (upholding “pious use” provision against an establishment clause challenge); In re .88 Acres, 165 Vt. 17,19-20 , 676 A.2d 778 , 780 (1996) (applying § 462 to property dedicated to use for a town school); Jarvis, 155 Vt. at 642 , 587 A.2d at 987 (applying § 462 to municipal lands); Davis v. Union Meeting House Soc’y, 93 Vt. 520, 526 , 108 A. 704, 707 (1920) (holding that predecessor statute to § 462 exempts lands held for pious use from susceptibility to adverse possession claims); Hazen v. Perkins, 92 Vt. 414, 420 , 105 A. 249, 251

2003Cmty. Church, 168 Vt. 478, 485-88 , 720 A.2d 20 , 25-27 (1998) (upholding “pious use” provision against an establishment clause challenge); In re .88 Acres, 165 Vt. 17,19-20 , 676 A.2d 778 , 780 (1996) (applying § 462 to property dedicated to use for a town school); Jarvis, 155 Vt. at 642 , 587 A.2d at 987 (applying § 462 to municipal lands); Davis v. Union Meeting House Soc’y, 93 Vt. 520, 526 , 108 A. 704, 707 (1920) (holding that predecessor statute to § 462 exempts lands held for pious use from susceptibility to adverse possession claims); Hazen v. Perkins, 92 Vt. 414, 420 , 105 A. 249, 251

11
Hazen v. Perkinsgreen
vt · 1918 · cited in 1 Vermont opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
2 sentences

2003Cmty. Church, 168 Vt. 478, 485-88 , 720 A.2d 20 , 25-27 (1998) (upholding “pious use” provision against an establishment clause challenge); In re .88 Acres, 165 Vt. 17,19-20 , 676 A.2d 778 , 780 (1996) (applying § 462 to property dedicated to use for a town school); Jarvis, 155 Vt. at 642 , 587 A.2d at 987 (applying § 462 to municipal lands); Davis v. Union Meeting House Soc’y, 93 Vt. 520, 526 , 108 A. 704, 707 (1920) (holding that predecessor statute to § 462 exempts lands held for pious use from susceptibility to adverse possession claims); Hazen v. Perkins, 92 Vt. 414, 420 , 105 A. 249, 251

2003Cmty. Church, 168 Vt. 478, 485-88 , 720 A.2d 20 , 25-27 (1998) (upholding “pious use” provision against an establishment clause challenge); In re .88 Acres, 165 Vt. 17,19-20 , 676 A.2d 778 , 780 (1996) (applying § 462 to property dedicated to use for a town school); Jarvis, 155 Vt. at 642 , 587 A.2d at 987 (applying § 462 to municipal lands); Davis v. Union Meeting House Soc’y, 93 Vt. 520, 526 , 108 A. 704, 707 (1920) (holding that predecessor statute to § 462 exempts lands held for pious use from susceptibility to adverse possession claims); Hazen v. Perkins, 92 Vt. 414, 420 , 105 A. 249, 251

11
City of Montpelier v. Town of East Montpeliergreen
· 1920 · cited in 1 Vermont opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
1 sentence

2003Cmty. Church, 168 Vt. 478, 485-88 , 720 A.2d 20 , 25-27 (1998) (upholding “pious use” provision against an establishment clause challenge); In re .88 Acres, 165 Vt. 17,19-20 , 676 A.2d 778 , 780 (1996) (applying § 462 to property dedicated to use for a town school); Jarvis, 155 Vt. at 642 , 587 A.2d at 987 (applying § 462 to municipal lands); Davis v. Union Meeting House Soc’y, 93 Vt. 520, 526 , 108 A. 704, 707 (1920) (holding that predecessor statute to § 462 exempts lands held for pious use from susceptibility to adverse possession claims); Hazen v. Perkins, 92 Vt. 414, 420 , 105 A. 249, 251

11
Walz v. Tax Comm'n of City of New Yorkgreen
scotus · 1970 · cited in 1 Vermont opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
2 sentences

1994In 1971, in Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the Supreme Court of the United States developed a three-part Establishment Clause test which has endured, with some modification and internal disagreement, ever since. 6 To prevail under the Lemon test, (1) a challenged statute must “have a secular legislative purpose,” (2) “its principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion,” and (3) it must not “foster ‘an excessive government entanglement with reli *449 gion.’” Id. at 612-13 (quoting Walz v. Tax Comm’n, 397 U.S. 664, 674 (1970)).

1994In 1971, in Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the Supreme Court of the United States developed a three-part Establishment Clause test which has endured, with some modification and internal disagreement, ever since. 6 To prevail under the Lemon test, (1) a challenged statute must “have a secular legislative purpose,” (2) “its principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion,” and (3) it must not “foster ‘an excessive government entanglement with reli *449 gion.’” Id. at 612-13 (quoting Walz v. Tax Comm’n, 397 U.S. 664, 674 (1970)).

11
State v. Beckenbachgreen
vt · 1978 · cited in 1 Vermont opinions naming this issue, 1979–1979
2 sentences

1979State v. Beckenbach, 136 Vt. 557, 561 , 397 A.2d 79, 81 (1978).

1979State v. Beckenbach, 136 Vt. 557, 561 , 397 A.2d 79, 81 (1978).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Vermont. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (5)

CaseCitedYears
Lemon v. Kurtzman red
scotus · 1971
2 sentences

2009In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602, 612-13 (1971), the Supreme Court announced a three-prong Establishment Clause test: (1) governmental action must have a secular purpose; (2) its primary effect must not enhance or inhibit religion; and (3) the action must not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion.

2009In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602, 612-13 (1971), the Supreme Court announced a three-prong Establishment Clause test: (1) governmental action must have a secular purpose; (2) its primary effect must not enhance or inhibit religion; and (3) the action must not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion.

21994–2009
Flast v. Cohen green
scotus · 1968
2 sentences

2017Just as federal taxpayers have standing to pursue certain Establishment Clause claims, as recognized in Flast v. Cohen , 392 U.S. 83 , 85, 88 S.Ct. 1942 , 20 L.Ed.2d 947 (1968), state taxpayers have standing to advance Compelled Support claims under the Vermont Constitution. ¶ 7.

2017Just as federal taxpayers have standing to pursue certain Establishment Clause claims, as recognized in Flast v. Cohen , 392 U.S. 83 , 85, 88 S.Ct. 1942 , 20 L.Ed.2d 947 (1968), state taxpayers have standing to advance Compelled Support claims under the Vermont Constitution. ¶ 7.

12017–2017
Chittenden v. Waterbury Center Community Church, Inc. green
vt · 1998
1 sentence

2003Cmty. Church, 168 Vt. 478, 485-88 , 720 A.2d 20 , 25-27 (1998) (upholding “pious use” provision against an establishment clause challenge); In re .88 Acres, 165 Vt. 17,19-20 , 676 A.2d 778 , 780 (1996) (applying § 462 to property dedicated to use for a town school); Jarvis, 155 Vt. at 642 , 587 A.2d at 987 (applying § 462 to municipal lands); Davis v. Union Meeting House Soc’y, 93 Vt. 520, 526 , 108 A. 704, 707 (1920) (holding that predecessor statute to § 462 exempts lands held for pious use from susceptibility to adverse possession claims); Hazen v. Perkins, 92 Vt. 414, 420 , 105 A. 249, 251

12003–2003
Davis v. Union Meeting House Society neutral
vt · 1920
1 sentence

2003Cmty. Church, 168 Vt. 478, 485-88 , 720 A.2d 20 , 25-27 (1998) (upholding “pious use” provision against an establishment clause challenge); In re .88 Acres, 165 Vt. 17,19-20 , 676 A.2d 778 , 780 (1996) (applying § 462 to property dedicated to use for a town school); Jarvis, 155 Vt. at 642 , 587 A.2d at 987 (applying § 462 to municipal lands); Davis v. Union Meeting House Soc’y, 93 Vt. 520, 526 , 108 A. 704, 707 (1920) (holding that predecessor statute to § 462 exempts lands held for pious use from susceptibility to adverse possession claims); Hazen v. Perkins, 92 Vt. 414, 420 , 105 A. 249, 251

12003–2003
In re .88 Acres of Property Owned by the Town of Shelburne green
vt · 1996
1 sentence

2003Cmty. Church, 168 Vt. 478, 485-88 , 720 A.2d 20 , 25-27 (1998) (upholding “pious use” provision against an establishment clause challenge); In re .88 Acres, 165 Vt. 17,19-20 , 676 A.2d 778 , 780 (1996) (applying § 462 to property dedicated to use for a town school); Jarvis, 155 Vt. at 642 , 587 A.2d at 987 (applying § 462 to municipal lands); Davis v. Union Meeting House Soc’y, 93 Vt. 520, 526 , 108 A. 704, 707 (1920) (holding that predecessor statute to § 462 exempts lands held for pious use from susceptibility to adverse possession claims); Hazen v. Perkins, 92 Vt. 414, 420 , 105 A. 249, 251

12003–2003

Where else courts name it

CA 89 (1921–2025) NY 53 (1861–2026) FL 43 (1938–2026) OH 42 (1953–2025) WA 42 (1895–2026) MI 39 (1909–2020) IL 39 (1887–2021) PA 39 (1917–2024) NJ 37 (1897–2019) WI 31 (1844–2020) MA 29 (1910–2018) TX 28 (1912–2023) MD 24 (1914–2023) CO 24 (1892–2015) CT 22 (1923–2025) OR 22 (1895–2025) MN 17 (1926–2016) AL 16 (1868–2015) AR 15 (1908–2021) OK 14 (1913–2024) IA 13 (1877–2018) NM 12 (1888–2015) LA 12 (1917–2000) TN 12 (1917–2013) GA 11 (1925–2023) NE 10 (1886–2003) AZ 10 (1960–2016) MO 10 (1906–2011) KS 10 (1901–1996) KY 9 (1899–2023) MS 8 (1950–2005) UT 8 (1986–2022) IN 8 (1942–2005) VA 8 (1925–2015) ME 7 (1844–2006) ID 7 (1890–1996) NC 7 (1874–2011) MT 6 (1878–2012) SC 5 (1846–2021) VT 5 (1979–2017) DC 5 (1982–1997) HI 5 (1987–2020) ND 4 (1895–1986) AK 4 (1979–2022) NV 4 (1959–2022) WV 4 (1950–2014) NH 4 (1967–1995) RI 2 (1919–1980) DE 2 (1974–1990) PR 2 (1942–1956)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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