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The doctrines Vermont courts name when they cite: mined from the sentence each citation lives in, keyed on the citing court, counted by distinct opinions. Entry by issue, not by case: pick one to see the cases on each side.
| # | Issue | Most-cited case | Opinions | Courts | Years | Last 5y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | plain error | State v. Pelican | 222 | 2 | 1978–2026 | 37 |
| 2 | due process clause | Santosky v. Kramer | 149 | 2 | 1934–2026 | 26 |
| 3 | fair opportunity rule | State v. Ben-Mont Corporation | 147 | 2 | 1974–2026 | 64 |
| 4 | affirmative defense | State v. Baker | 141 | 2 | 1923–2026 | 19 |
| 5 | fundamental rule | Mathews v. Eldridge | 121 | 2 | 1844–2026 | 15 |
| 6 | Miranda warning | Miranda v. Arizona | 109 | 2 | 1970–2026 | 6 |
| 7 | de novo hearing | In Re Poole | 97 | 2 | 1969–2026 | 17 |
| 8 | Vermont rule | Drumheller v. Drumheller | 89 | 2 | 1976–2026 | 10 |
| 9 | failure to recognize error | State v. Pelican | 80 | 2 | 1986–2026 | 12 |
| 10 | abuse of discretion standard | Turner v. Roman Catholic Diocese | 76 | 2 | 1964–2026 | 16 |
| 11 | sovereign immunity | LaShay v. Department of Social & Rehabilitation Services | 74 | 2 | 1964–2025 | 14 |
| 12 | mootness doctrine | In Re PS | 71 | 2 | 1978–2025 | 14 |
| 13 | exclusionary rule | State v. Oakes | 70 | 2 | 1925–2026 | 3 |
| 14 | spirit doctrine | Fassett v. Town of Roxbury | 68 | 2 | 1883–2025 | 5 |
| 15 | Fifth Amendment privilege | Miranda v. Arizona | 62 | 2 | 1979–2026 | 3 |
| 16 | qualified immunity | Murray v. White | 62 | 2 | 1941–2026 | 12 |
| 17 | harmless error | State v. Hamlin | 62 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 7 |
| 18 | Quechee test | In Re Appeal of Times & Seasons, LLC | 59 | 2 | 2006–2026 | 10 |
| 19 | compelling indication error | Wood v. Fletcher Allen Health Care | 59 | 2 | 1993–2026 | 8 |
| 20 | litigation claim | Berlin Convalescent Center, Inc. v. Stoneman | 58 | 2 | 1992–2026 | 24 |
| 21 | per se rule | State v. Whitney | 53 | 2 | 1981–2025 | 6 |
| 22 | warrant requirement | State v. Savva | 53 | 2 | 1982–2023 | 3 |
| 23 | standing doctrine | Hinesburg Sand & Gravel Co. v. State | 51 | 2 | 1909–2026 | 20 |
| 24 | equal protection clause | In Re Estate of Eddy | 49 | 2 | 1928–2024 | 3 |
| 25 | hearsay rule | Department of Human Services v. G. D. W. | 48 | 2 | 1921–2026 | 8 |
| 26 | res judicata doctrine | Berlin Convalescent Center, Inc. v. Stoneman | 48 | 2 | 1923–2026 | 7 |
| 27 | record searching error | In re S.B.L. | 47 | 1 | 2008–2026 | 30 |
| 28 | best-interests analysis | In re J.B. | 42 | 1 | 2001–2026 | 21 |
| 29 | section 7553 bail | State v. Duff | 42 | 1 | 1997–2026 | 18 |
| 30 | zoning violation | Town of Sherburne v. Carpenter | 41 | 2 | 1992–2026 | 7 |
| 31 | Town motion | In re Pierce Subdivision Application | 39 | 2 | 1910–2026 | 10 |
| 32 | unjust enrichment doctrine | Kellogg v. Shushereba | 39 | 2 | 1914–2026 | 20 |
| 33 | iied claim | Fromson v. State | 38 | 2 | 2002–2026 | 18 |
| 34 | collateral challenge | State v. Austin | 36 | 2 | 1971–2026 | 7 |
| 35 | successive-application doctrine | In Re Application of Carrier | 36 | 2 | 2006–2026 | 2 |
| 36 | economic loss rule | Walsh v. Cluba and Good Stuff, Inc. | 36 | 2 | 2001–2026 | 15 |
| 37 | legally cognizable claim | Darryl R. Montague v. Hundred Acre Homestead, LLC | 35 | 2 | 2019–2026 | 34 |
| 38 | collateral estoppel doctrine | Scott v. City of Newport | 34 | 2 | 1984–2026 | 1 |
| 39 | minority rule | Smith v. Winhall Planning Commission | 33 | 2 | 1940–2025 | 3 |
| 40 | glaring error | State v. Morrill | 32 | 1 | 1973–2025 | 2 |
| 41 | ineffective assistance of counsel claim | Strickland v. Washington | 32 | 2 | 1989–2026 | 8 |
| 42 | Fourth Amendment analysis | State v. Weisler, State v. King | 31 | 2 | 1971–2024 | 5 |
| 43 | plain meaning rule | Hill v. Conway | 31 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 4 |
| 44 | probation revocation hearing | State v. Austin | 31 | 1 | 1986–2026 | 4 |
| 45 | clear and convincing evidence standard | In Re NH | 31 | 1 | 1983–2026 | 5 |
| 46 | parol evidence rule | Lunnie v. Gadapee | 31 | 2 | 1914–2026 | 2 |
| 47 | applicant hearing | Appeal of Farrell & Desautels, Inc. | 30 | 2 | 1961–2025 | 4 |
| 48 | section 3802(4) tax exemption | American Museum of Fly Fishing, Inc. v. Town of Manchester | 30 | 2 | 1970–2026 | 1 |
| 49 | discretionary function exception | United States v. Gaubert | 29 | 2 | 1993–2026 | 7 |
| 50 | American rule | Dj Painting, Inc. v. Baraw Enterprises, Inc. | 28 | 2 | 1877–2025 | 1 |
| 51 | knowing and intelligent waiver | State v. Stanislaw | 28 | 2 | 1975–2026 | 3 |
| 52 | insanity defense | State v. Bean | 28 | 1 | 1964–2022 | 3 |
| 53 | highly deferential standard | Hanson-Metayer v. Hanson-Metayer | 27 | 2 | 1993–2026 | 4 |
| 54 | motor vehicle violation | State v. Lussier | 27 | 2 | 1987–2020 | 0 |
| 55 | showing error | State v. Ayers | 27 | 2 | 1987–2020 | 0 |
| 56 | circumstances factors | State v. King | 27 | 2 | 1913–2026 | 6 |
| 57 | first prong test | In Re Pernicka | 27 | 2 | 1988–2026 | 7 |
| 58 | flexible standard | 985 Associates, Ltd. v. Daewoo Electronics America, Inc. | 27 | 2 | 1993–2026 | 5 |
| 59 | confrontation clause | State v. Sprague | 26 | 1 | 1984–2018 | 0 |
| 60 | speedy trial violation | Doggett v. United States | 26 | 1 | 1984–2024 | 5 |
| 61 | Terry stop | State v. Chapman | 26 | 1 | 1982–2019 | 0 |
| 62 | owner claim | P.F. Jurgs & Co. v. O'Brien | 26 | 2 | 1861–2026 | 7 |
| 63 | party claiming error | State v. Vuley | 26 | 2 | 1891–2026 | 5 |
| 64 | reasonable doubt standard | Beck v. Alabama | 25 | 2 | 1899–2026 | 1 |
| 65 | separation of powers doctrine | In re D.L. | 25 | 2 | 1984–2026 | 3 |
| 66 | statute of limitations defense | Fortier v. Byrnes | 25 | 2 | 1887–2025 | 6 |
| 67 | DUI defendant | State v. Benware | 24 | 1 | 1991–2024 | 1 |
| 68 | Daubert factors | Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 24 | 2 | 2000–2026 | 6 |
| 69 | section 665 best interest factors | Harris v. Harris | 24 | 1 | 1989–2026 | 6 |
| 70 | section 1983 damages | Will v. Michigan Department of State Police | 24 | 2 | 1983–2024 | 4 |
| 71 | First Amendment claim | In Re Sealed Documents | 23 | 2 | 1980–2025 | 2 |
| 72 | preponderance of the evidence standard | In Re Grievance of Muzzy | 23 | 2 | 1983–2021 | 1 |
| 73 | exhaustion requirement | Jordan v. State | 23 | 2 | 1986–2026 | 5 |
| 74 | English rule | Barger v. . Barringer | 23 | 1 | 1844–2008 | 0 |
| 75 | double jeopardy claim | Blockburger v. United States | 22 | 1 | 1980–2024 | 1 |
| 76 | McDonnell Douglas framework | McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green | 22 | 2 | 1979–2026 | 11 |
| 77 | totality of the circumstances analysis | State v. Muntean | 22 | 1 | 1987–2023 | 3 |
| 78 | preponderance standard | Strickland v. Washington | 22 | 2 | 1983–2023 | 1 |
| 79 | rational basis test | Brigham v. State | 22 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 4 |
| 80 | Barker factors | Barker v. Wingo | 21 | 2 | 1983–2025 | 5 |
| 81 | burden-shifting analysis | McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green | 21 | 2 | 1982–2025 | 5 |
| 82 | good faith exception | State v. Oakes | 21 | 2 | 1986–2023 | 1 |
| 83 | equitable estoppel doctrine | My Sister's Place v. City of Burlington | 21 | 2 | 1890–2026 | 2 |
| 84 | second prong test | James Ingerson v. Andrew Pallito, Commissioner, Vermont Department of Corrections and Leanne Salls | 21 | 2 | 1988–2024 | 5 |
| 85 | section 7554(b) consider the factors | State v. Stephen White | 21 | 1 | 2008–2026 | 17 |
| 86 | finality rule | In Re Pyramid Co. of Burlington | 20 | 2 | 1987–2026 | 5 |
| 87 | probable cause standard | State v. Towne | 20 | 1 | 1971–2020 | 0 |
| 88 | Strickland standard | Strickland v. Washington | 20 | 2 | 1992–2026 | 2 |
| 89 | statutory best-interests factors | In re D.C., Juvenile | 20 | 1 | 2008–2026 | 8 |
| 90 | section 511 six year statute of limitations | Fitzgerald v. Congleton | 20 | 2 | 1995–2023 | 1 |
| 91 | case or controversy requirement | Parker v. Town of Milton | 19 | 2 | 1997–2026 | 6 |
| 92 | law of the case doctrine | Morrisseau v. Fayette | 19 | 2 | 1977–2026 | 5 |
| 93 | negligent misrepresentation claim | Silva v. Stevens | 19 | 2 | 1991–2026 | 4 |
| 94 | promissory estoppel doctrine | Foote v. Simmonds Precision Products Co. | 19 | 2 | 1986–2026 | 10 |
| 95 | Restatement rule | Hathaway v. Tucker | 19 | 2 | 1991–2026 | 5 |
| 96 | respondeat superior doctrine | Brueckner v. Norwich University | 19 | 2 | 1890–2026 | 4 |
| 97 | strength of evidence hearing | Raynes v. Rogers | 19 | 1 | 2008–2026 | 8 |
| 98 | admissibility standard | Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 18 | 1 | 1980–2023 | 1 |
| 99 | lack hearing | Jewell v. Dyer | 18 | 2 | 1977–2025 | 4 |
| 100 | necessity defense | State v. Shotton | 18 | 1 | 1909–2011 | 0 |
| 101 | showing of plain error | State v. Marku | 18 | 1 | 1988–2025 | 2 |
| 102 | warrant and probable-cause requirement | State v. Berard | 18 | 1 | 1988–2023 | 1 |
| 103 | finding of plain error | State v. Holcomb | 18 | 2 | 1990–2026 | 4 |
| 104 | inflexible rule | In Re Application of Carrier | 18 | 2 | 1923–2026 | 3 |
| 105 | modification hearing | In Re SR | 18 | 1 | 1917–2024 | 3 |
| 106 | void-for-vagueness doctrine | Kolender v. Lawson | 18 | 1 | 1985–2020 | 0 |
| 107 | excusable neglect standard | In re Town of Killington | 18 | 2 | 1989–2026 | 5 |
| 108 | benefits claim | Baker v. State | 17 | 2 | 1999–2026 | 9 |
| 109 | best-interest factors | In re C. P. | 17 | 2 | 2014–2026 | 5 |
| 110 | case under the same standard | Tarrant v. Department of Taxes | 17 | 1 | 1999–2024 | 1 |
| 111 | consumer fraud claim | Jordan v. Nissan North America, Inc. | 17 | 2 | 1993–2025 | 5 |
| 112 | corollary rule | State v. Ritter | 17 | 2 | 1913–2025 | 4 |
| 113 | ex post facto violation | California Department of Corrections v. Morales | 17 | 2 | 2008–2024 | 3 |
| 114 | generally accepted rule | State Ex Rel. Billado v. Control Commissioners | 17 | 2 | 1905–2024 | 1 |
| 115 | invited error | State v. Longe | 17 | 2 | 1999–2025 | 5 |
| 116 | limitation clause | State v. Vandemark | 17 | 2 | 1881–2024 | 1 |
| 117 | purposes claim | Hill v. Grandey | 17 | 2 | 1916–2024 | 1 |
| 118 | pleading standard | Bock v. Gold | 17 | 2 | 2008–2026 | 9 |
| 119 | consequences waiver | State v. Pollard | 17 | 1 | 1848–2017 | 0 |
| 120 | policy analysis | Doria v. University of Vermont | 17 | 2 | 1899–2024 | 3 |
| 121 | section 1983 liability | Cheryl J. Brown v. State of Vermont | 17 | 2 | 1989–2026 | 5 |
| 122 | availability requirement | Willard v. Vermont Unemployment Compensation Commission | 16 | 2 | 1963–2024 | 2 |
| 123 | Blockburger test | State v. Grega | 16 | 1 | 1998–2024 | 3 |
| 124 | claim preclusion doctrine | Faulkner v. Caledonia County Fair Ass'n | 16 | 2 | 1989–2026 | 6 |
| 125 | CPA claim | EBWS, LLC v. Britly Corp. | 16 | 2 | 2015–2026 | 10 |
| 126 | prima facie claim | Fromson v. State | 16 | 2 | 1849–2026 | 5 |
| 127 | public policy exception | Payne v. Rozendaal | 16 | 2 | 1986–2026 | 2 |
| 128 | statutory or contractual exception | Dj Painting, Inc. v. Baraw Enterprises, Inc. | 16 | 2 | 2001–2026 | 4 |
| 129 | divorce hearing | Hayden v. Hayden | 16 | 1 | 1987–2026 | 3 |
| 130 | minimum contacts test | International Shoe Co. v. Washington | 16 | 2 | 1979–2026 | 6 |
| 131 | bail hearing | State v. Passino | 15 | 1 | 1995–2026 | 3 |
| 132 | carefully limited exception | United States v. Salerno | 15 | 1 | 1989–2022 | 2 |
| 133 | evidentiary breath test | State v. Fredette | 15 | 1 | 1998–2026 | 2 |
| 134 | factual basis claim | Alpstetten Ass'n, Inc. v. Kelly | 15 | 2 | 1978–2026 | 3 |
| 135 | implied waiver | In Re MM | 15 | 2 | 1940–2024 | 3 |
| 136 | Legislature inquiry | Wesco, Inc. v. Sorrell | 15 | 2 | 2002–2025 | 7 |
| 137 | state waives its sovereign immunity | Denis Bail Bonds, Inc. v. State | 15 | 2 | 1993–2025 | 1 |
| 138 | clear and convincing standard | State v. Aaron Lontine | 15 | 2 | 1986–2026 | 4 |
| 139 | interpretation rule | Rule v. Tobin | 15 | 2 | 1915–2026 | 3 |
| 140 | changed circumstances test | In Re HA | 14 | 2 | 1988–2025 | 3 |
| 141 | commerce clause | Champlain Realty Co. v. Town of Brattleboro | 14 | 2 | 1916–2024 | 2 |
| 142 | custody inquiry | J. D. B. v. North Carolina | 14 | 2 | 1990–2025 | 1 |
| 143 | estoppel doctrine | Pellon v. Connecticut General Life Insurance | 14 | 2 | 1902–2024 | 2 |
| 144 | first step analysis | In re J.R. | 14 | 2 | 1993–2017 | 0 |
| 145 | legal malpractice claim | Knott v. Pratt | 14 | 2 | 1992–2025 | 2 |
| 146 | rigorous standard | Butz v. Economou | 14 | 1 | 1980–2026 | 2 |
| 147 | stop inquiry | State v. Ford | 14 | 1 | 1985–2016 | 0 |
| 148 | Stowe Club Highlands test | In re Appeal of Hildebrand | 14 | 2 | 2009–2025 | 2 |
| 149 | case falls within exception | Collins v. Thomas | 14 | 2 | 1853–2023 | 1 |
| 150 | form instruction | United States v. Andrew Tsanas | 14 | 2 | 1973–2026 | 1 |
Top 150 by distinct citing opinions.