first prong test (Mississippi) · Go Syfert
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first prong test in Mississippi

31 Mississippi opinions name it 2 courts 1992–2024 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Mississippi courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (17)

CaseFollowedCited
Rogers v. Holdergreen
miss · 1994 · cited in 3 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2007–2021
2 sentences

2021The second alternative prong is met if the disqualified votes make it “impossible to discern the will of the voters.” Rogers v. Holder, 636 So. 2d 645, 647 (Miss. 1994) (citing Stringer v. Lucas, 608 So. 2d 1351 (Miss. 41 1992)).

2008The second alternative prong is met if the disqualified votes make it “impossible to discern the will of the voters.” Rogers v. Holder, 636 So.2d 645, 647 (Miss.1994) (citing Stringer v. Lucas, 608 So.2d 1351 (Miss.1992)). ¶ 8.

33
Griffin v. Stategreen
miss · 1992 · cited in 3 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1995–1997
2 sentences

1997"The establishment of a race[-]neutral reason is not a difficult task." Stewart, 662 So.2d at 558 ; Griffin v. State 607 So.2d 1197, 1202 (Miss.1992). [A] trial judge's factual findings relative to a prosecutor's use of peremptory challenges on minority persons are to be accorded great deference and will not be reversed unless they appear clearly erroneous or against the overwhelming weight of the evidence.

1997“The establishment of a race[-]neutral reason is not a difficult task.” Stewart, 662 So.2d at 558 ; Griffin v. State 607 So.2d 1197, 1202 (Miss.1992). [A] trial judge’s factual findings relative to a prosecutor’s use of peremptory challenges on minority persons are to be accorded great deference and will not be reversed unless they appear clearly erroneous or against the overwhelming weight of the evidence.

33
Galloway v. Stategreen
· 2013 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2014–2017
2 sentences

2017Under Rule 702, the first prong of the inquiry for determining whether expert testimony should be admitted is whether the witness is “qualified by virtue of his or her knowledge, skill, experience[,] or education.” Galloway, 122 So. 3d at 632 (¶ 28) (quoting McLemore, 863 So. 2d at 35 ).

2017Under Rule 702, the first prong of the inquiry for determining whether expert testimony should be admitted is whether the witness is "qualified by virtue of his or her knowledge, skill, experience[,] or education." Galloway , 122 So.3d at 632 (¶ 28) (quoting McLemore , 863 So.2d at 35 ).

22
Terminix Intern., Inc. v. Ricegreen
miss · 2004 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2008–2009
2 sentences

2009With respect to the first prong of the analysis outlined above, “[t]o determine whether the parties agreed to arbitration, we simply apply contract law.” Terminix Int’l, Inc. v. Rice, 904 So.2d 1051, 1055 (¶ 9) (Miss.2004).

2008P’ship v. Rice, 904 So.2d 1051, 1055 (¶ 9) (Miss.2004).

22
Foster v. Stategreen
miss · 1996 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009Havard v. State, 988 So.2d 322, 331 (¶ 25) (Miss.2008) (citing Foster v. State, 687 So.2d 1124, 1129-30 (Miss.1996)).

2009Havard v. State, 988 So.2d 322, 331 (¶ 25) (Miss.2008) (citing Foster v. State, 687 So.2d 1124, 1129-30 (Miss.1996)).

22
Havard v. Stategreen
miss · 2008 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009Havard v. State, 988 So.2d 322, 331 (¶ 25) (Miss.2008) (citing Foster v. State, 687 So.2d 1124, 1129-30 (Miss.1996)).

2009Havard v. State, 988 So.2d 322, 331 (¶ 25) (Miss.2008) (citing Foster v. State, 687 So.2d 1124, 1129-30 (Miss.1996)).

22
Thiel v. Southern Pacific Co.green
scotus · 1946 · cited in 2 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2009–2022
2 sentences

2022Co., 328 U.S. 217, 220 , 66 S. Ct. 984 , 90 L.

2022Co., 328 U.S. 217, 220 , 66 S. Ct. 984 , 90 L.

12
ONE (1) CHARTER ARMS v. Stategreen
miss · 1998 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022See Charter Arms, 721 So. 2d at 623-26 (¶¶14-30); Bobo, 204 So. 3d at 324-26 (¶¶26-36). 13 ¶25. “[U]nder the first prong of our analysis, we determine whether [Taylor’s] seized property possesses a sufficiently close relationship to drug trafficking to justify forfeiture.” See id. at (¶28). ¶26.

11
One Hundred Thirty-Seven Thousand Three Hundred Twenty-Five Dollars ($137,325.00) in United States Currency v. State Ex Rel. Pelahatchie Police Departmentgreen
missctapp · 2016 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022See Charter Arms, 721 So. 2d at 623-26 (¶¶14-30); Bobo, 204 So. 3d at 324-26 (¶¶26-36). 13 ¶25. “[U]nder the first prong of our analysis, we determine whether [Taylor’s] seized property possesses a sufficiently close relationship to drug trafficking to justify forfeiture.” See id. at (¶28). ¶26.

2022See Charter Arms, 721 So. 2d at 623-26 (¶¶14-30); Bobo, 204 So. 3d at 324-26 (¶¶26-36). 13 ¶25. “[U]nder the first prong of our analysis, we determine whether [Taylor’s] seized property possesses a sufficiently close relationship to drug trafficking to justify forfeiture.” See id. at (¶28). ¶26.

11
Presley v. Stategreen
missctapp · 2009 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021“While the United States Supreme Court has not precisely defined ‘distinctive group’ under the first prong of the test, it has stated that such may include ‘economic, social, religious, racial, political, and geographical groups.’” Presley v. State, 9 So. 3d 442, 444 (¶5) (Miss.

11
Moss v. Stategreen
missctapp · 2007 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020Moss, 977 So. 2d at 1207 (¶5).

11
Covenant Health & Rehabilitation of Picayune, LP v. Estate of Moulds Ex Rel. Braddockgreen
miss · 2009 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015The court focused its ruling on arbitrator selection alone and did not address the above contractual elements under the first prong of the analysis. ¶ 14: In Covenant Health & Rehab. of Picayune, LP v. Estate of Moulds, 14 So.3d 695 (Miss.2009), the Court addressed whether an arbitration agreement between a nursing home and a resident was unenforceable when the designated arbitration forum was unavailable.

2015The arbitration agreement in that case “require[d] that the arbitration be administered by the AAA.” Moulds, 14 So.3d at 709 (¶44).

11
ADAMS COMMUNITY CARE CENTER, LLC v. Reedgreen
miss · 2010 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015Adams Cmty. Care, 37 So.3d at 1158 (¶ 7) (citing Grenada Living Ctr., 961 So.2d at 36-37 (¶ 9)).

11
Grenada Living Center, LLC v. Colemangreen
miss · 2007 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015Adams Cmty. Care, 37 So.3d at 1158 (¶ 7) (citing Grenada Living Ctr., 961 So.2d at 36-37 (¶ 9)).

11
East Ford, Inc. v. Taylorgreen
miss · 2002 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009The first prong of this analysis has two subparts: “(1) whether there is a valid arbitration agreement and (2) whether the parties’ dispute is within the scope of the arbitration agreement.” Id. (citing East Ford, Inc., 826 So.2d at 713 (¶ 9)).

11
Dan Witcher v. C. C. Peyton, Superintendent of the Virginia State Penitentiarygreen
ca4 · 1969 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009Co., 328 U.S. 217, 220 , 66 S.Ct. 984 , 90 L.Ed. 1181 (1946); see also Witcher v. Peyton, 405 F.2d 725, 727 (4th Cir.1969) (“a cross-section of the community includes persons with varying degrees of training and intelligence and with varying economic and social positions.”) ¶ 6.

11
Roberson v. Stategreen
miss · 1990 · cited in 1 Mississippi opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Mississippi. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (14)

CaseCitedYears
Stringer v. Lucas green
miss · 1992
2 sentences

2021The second alternative prong is met if the disqualified votes make it “impossible to discern the will of the voters.” Rogers v. Holder, 636 So. 2d 645, 647 (Miss. 1994) (citing Stringer v. Lucas, 608 So. 2d 1351 (Miss. 41 1992)).

2008The second alternative prong is met if the disqualified votes make it “impossible to discern the will of the voters.” Rogers v. Holder, 636 So.2d 645, 647 (Miss.1994) (citing Stringer v. Lucas, 608 So.2d 1351 (Miss.1992)). ¶ 8.

32007–2021
Noxubee County Democratic E. Com. v. Russell green
miss · 1983
2 sentences

2021Under the first prong of the test, a special election is proper when “enough illegal votes were cast for the contestee to change the result of the election . . . .” Id. at 1197 .

2008Under the first prong of the test, a special election is proper when “enough illegal votes were cast for the contestee to change the result of the election ....” Id. at 1197 .

32007–2021
Stewart v. State green
miss · 1995
2 sentences

1997"The establishment of a race[-]neutral reason is not a difficult task." Stewart, 662 So.2d at 558 ; Griffin v. State 607 So.2d 1197, 1202 (Miss.1992). [A] trial judge's factual findings relative to a prosecutor's use of peremptory challenges on minority persons are to be accorded great deference and will not be reversed unless they appear clearly erroneous or against the overwhelming weight of the evidence.

1997“The establishment of a race[-]neutral reason is not a difficult task.” Stewart, 662 So.2d at 558 ; Griffin v. State 607 So.2d 1197, 1202 (Miss.1992). [A] trial judge’s factual findings relative to a prosecutor’s use of peremptory challenges on minority persons are to be accorded great deference and will not be reversed unless they appear clearly erroneous or against the overwhelming weight of the evidence.

31995–1997
Mississippi Transp. Comm'n v. McLemore green
miss · 2003
2 sentences

2017Under Rule 702, the first prong of the inquiry for determining whether expert testimony should be admitted is whether the witness is “qualified by virtue of his or her knowledge, skill, experience[,] or education.” Galloway, 122 So. 3d at 632 (¶ 28) (quoting McLemore, 863 So. 2d at 35 ).

2017Under Rule 702, the first prong of the inquiry for determining whether expert testimony should be admitted is whether the witness is "qualified by virtue of his or her knowledge, skill, experience[,] or education." Galloway , 122 So.3d at 632 (¶ 28) (quoting McLemore , 863 So.2d at 35 ).

22014–2017
James Henderson, Trustee for Service Equipment Company v. Cherry, Bekaert & Holland, a Partnership green
ca11 · 1991
2 sentences

2007Id.

2005Id.

22005–2007
Hall v. State green
missctapp · 1999
2 sentences

2004Notably, we have previously declared with respect to the first prong of the test, "The Constitution does not guarantee a right to errorless counsel." Id.

2004Notably, this Court has declared with respect to the first prong of the test, "The Constitution does not guarantee a right to errorless counsel." Id.

22004–2004
Ward v. State green
ind · 1988
2 sentences

2001Id.

1998Id.

21998–2001
State v. McGrone green
miss · 2001
1 sentence

2024The first prong of the test set forth in McGrone is that “the evidence in question must possess an exculpatory value that was apparent before the evidence was destroyed.” Id. at (¶11).

12024–2024
Jones v. Mississippi Dept. of Transp. green
miss · 1999
1 sentence

2020As we stated in Wilcher, and even earlier in Jones v. Mississippi Department of Transportation, 744 So. 2d 256 (Miss. 1999), the statute’s assignment of authority clearly meets the first prong of the test because it is phrased as a choice or decision.

12020–2020
United States v. Gaubert green
scotus · 1991
2 sentences

2014If the conduct in question meets the first prong of the test, the court must then determine “whether that judgment is of the kind that the discretionary function exception was designed to shield.” Gaubert, 499 U.S. at 323 , 111 S.Ct. 1267 (citing Berkovitz, 486 U.S. at 537 , 108 S.Ct. 1954 ).

2014If the conduct in question meets the first prong of the test, the court must then determine “whether that judgment is of the kind that the discretionary function exception was designed to shield.” Gaubert, 499 U.S. at 323 , 111 S.Ct. 1267 (citing Berkovitz, 486 U.S. at 537 , 108 S.Ct. 1954 ).

12014–2014
United States v. S.A. Empresa De Viacao Aerea Rio Grandense green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

2014The purpose of the discretionary-function exemption is to “prevent ‘second-guessing’ of legislative and administrative decisions grounded in social, economic, and political policy through the medium of an action in tort.” Varig Airlines, 467 U.S. at 813-14 , 104 S.Ct. 2755 .

2014The purpose of the discretionary-function exemption is to “prevent ‘second-guessing’ of legislative and administrative decisions grounded in social, economic, and political policy through the medium of an action in tort.” Varig Airlines, 467 U.S. at 813-14 , 104 S.Ct. 2755 .

12014–2014
Berkovitz v. United States green
scotus · 1988
1 sentence

2014If the conduct in question meets the first prong of the test, the court must then determine “whether that judgment is of the kind that the discretionary function exception was designed to shield.” Gaubert, 499 U.S. at 323 , 111 S.Ct. 1267 (citing Berkovitz, 486 U.S. at 537 , 108 S.Ct. 1954 ).

12014–2014
Wakefield v. Puckett green
miss · 1991
1 sentence

2005The first prong of the test is "[w]hether the cause of the omission is excusable (e.g., omission due to inadvertence, mistake, etc.?)...." Id.

12005–2005
Stringer v. State green
miss · 1986
1 sentence

2000An "actual conflict" means that "a potential for conflict or hypothetical or speculative conflicts will not suffice for reversal." Stringer, 485 So.2d at 275 .

12000–2000

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 99-19-105 (6) MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 25-7-47 (3) MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-19 (3) MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-79 (3) MS § Miss. Code Ann. § 99-7-2 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 450 (1982–2026) OH 227 (1980–2026) CA 162 (1982–2026) IL 137 (1983–2026) NY 127 (1969–2026) GA 105 (1975–2026) WA 100 (1982–2026) NJ 95 (1985–2026) CT 93 (1981–2025) PA 91 (1975–2026) FL 71 (1981–2025) IA 65 (1983–2024) MI 57 (1977–2026) TN 49 (1991–2025) NM 48 (1988–2026) AL 46 (1985–2024) MA 41 (1982–2023) IN 41 (1988–2024) MO 38 (1984–2016) RI 36 (1987–2017) NC 35 (1984–2024) NH 35 (1988–2025) UT 35 (1983–2025) MS 31 (1992–2024) WI 31 (1978–2025) KS 30 (1978–2024) MT 29 (1985–2023) KY 28 (1993–2026) VA 26 (1986–2026) VT 26 (1988–2025) CO 25 (1973–2026) HI 23 (1981–2024) LA 21 (1991–2025) MD 18 (1988–2024) SD 18 (1976–2025) MN 16 (1977–2024) OR 16 (1996–2021) AZ 14 (1983–2020) ME 14 (1984–2023) DC 13 (1978–2025) ND 12 (1980–2024) NE 12 (1985–2018) SC 12 (1992–2015) AK 11 (1975–2023) OK 9 (1986–2021) WV 9 (1991–2018) ID 7 (1989–2020) WY 7 (1991–2025) NV 6 (1996–2021) AR 5 (2003–2024) DE 5 (2018–2025) VI 4 (2007–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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