clear and convincing standard (Kansas) · Go Syfert
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clear and convincing standard in Kansas

30 Kansas opinions name it 3 courts 1983–2024 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Kansas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

CaseFollowedCited
Santosky v. Kramergreen
scotus · 1982 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Per direction from the United States Supreme Court, Kansas, like Maine, recognizes that the clear and convincing standard of proof should apply when “ ‘ “particularly important individual interests or rights are at stake.” ’ ” Ortega, 255 Kan. at 528 ; see Santosky, 455 U.S. at 756 (“This Court has mandated an intermediate standard of proof — ‘clear and convincing evidence’ — when the individual interests at stake in a state proceeding are both ‘particularly important’ and ‘more substantial than mere loss of money.’ ”).

2008Per direction from the United States Supreme Court, Kansas, like Maine, recognizes that the clear and convincing standard of *602 proof should apply when "`"particularly important individual interests or rights are at stake."'" Ortega, 255 Kan. at 528 , 874 P.2d 1188 ; see Santosky, 455 U.S. at 756 , 102 S.Ct. 1388 ("This Court has mandated an intermediate standard of proof — `clear and convincing evidence' — when the individual interests at stake in a state proceeding are both `particularly important' and `more substantial than mere loss of money.'").

22
Newell v. Krausegreen
kan · 1986 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See, e.g., Newell, 239 Kan. at 557 (fraud; “On review, this court considers only the evidence of the successful party to determine whether it is substantial and whether it is of clear and convincing quality.”); Fox, 211 Kan. at 579-80 (fraud; “We have no hesitancy in finding that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard.”); In re Shirk’s Estate, 194 Kan. 671 , 401 P.2d 279 (1965) (oral contract; “appellate court examines the record and must be satisfied that the findings of the trial court were supported by a quantum of competent and substantial testimony of the quality required by t

2008See, e.g., Newell, 239 Kan. at 557 , 722 P.2d 530 (fraud; "On review, this court considers only the evidence of the successful party to determine whether it is substantial and whether it is of clear and convincing quality."); Fox, 211 Kan. at 579-80 , 507 P.2d 252 (fraud; "We have no hesitancy in finding that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard."); In re Shirk's Estate, 194 Kan. 671 , 401 P.2d 279 (1965) (oral contract; "appellate court examines the record *606 and must be satisfied that the findings of the trial court were supported by a quantum of competent and substantial tes

22
In Re SMQgreen
kan · 1990 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
2 sentences

1997Although the State has the burden to prove “unfitness” by clear and convincing evidence before the district court, the clear and convincing standard does not affect this court’s scope of review. 247 Kan. at 238, 240 .

1997Although the State has the burden to prove "unfitness" by clear and convincing evidence before the district court, the clear and convincing standard does not affect this court's scope of review. 247 Kan. at 238, 240 .

22
Fox v. Wilsongreen
kan · 1973 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See, e.g., Newell, 239 Kan. at 557 (fraud; “On review, this court considers only the evidence of the successful party to determine whether it is substantial and whether it is of clear and convincing quality.”); Fox, 211 Kan. at 579-80 (fraud; “We have no hesitancy in finding that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard.”); In re Shirk’s Estate, 194 Kan. 671 , 401 P.2d 279 (1965) (oral contract; “appellate court examines the record and must be satisfied that the findings of the trial court were supported by a quantum of competent and substantial testimony of the quality required by t

2008See, e.g., Newell, 239 Kan. at 557 , 722 P.2d 530 (fraud; "On review, this court considers only the evidence of the successful party to determine whether it is substantial and whether it is of clear and convincing quality."); Fox, 211 Kan. at 579-80 , 507 P.2d 252 (fraud; "We have no hesitancy in finding that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard."); In re Shirk's Estate, 194 Kan. 671 , 401 P.2d 279 (1965) (oral contract; "appellate court examines the record *606 and must be satisfied that the findings of the trial court were supported by a quantum of competent and substantial tes

12
Dauffenbach v. City of Wichitagreen
kan · 1983 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Dauffenbach, 233 Kan. at 1035 ("The key question is whether to continue following the preponderance of evidence standard applied to negligence and tort actions or adopt, as the trial court did, a clear and convincing standard in determining whether the police officers breached a duty.").

11
In Re Interests K.H.green
kanctapp · 2019 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See In re K.H., 56 Kan.

11
Tenneco Oil Company, a Corporation v. Jim Joiner, D/B/A Joiner Oil Co.green
ca10 · 1982 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
1 sentence

2001In Tenneco Oil Co. v. Joiner, 696 F. 2d 768, 777 (10th Cir. 1982), the concurring opinion stated: “When a principal sues its agent for breach of fiduciary duty, the ‘clear and convincing evidence’ standard is not applicable.” *447 Our research has revealed no Kansas case which indicates there is a clear and convincing standard for breach of fiduciary duties.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Kansas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (20)

CaseCitedYears
In the Interest of B.D.-Y. green
kan · 2008
2 sentences

2022In In re B.D.-Y., the court recast the clear and convincing standard as a level of proof falling between a preponderance and beyond a reasonable doubt rather than as an enhanced quality of proof required to establish a preponderance in some situations. 286 Kan. at 691-93 .

2021The clear and convincing standard is an intermediate standard of proof that must be more than a mere preponderance while not beyond a reasonable doubt. 286 Kan. at 693 .

72008–2023
In the Interest of J.D.C. green
kan · 2007
2 sentences

2008There, we quoted much of the above passage from J.D.C. and stated: “In In re J.D.C., this court held that the evidence was sufficient to demonstrate J.D.C. was a child in need of care and that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard. 284 Kan. at 170-71 .

2008There, we quoted much of the above passage from J.D.C. and stated: "In In re J.D.C., this court held that the evidence was sufficient to demonstrate J.D.C. was a child in need of care and that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard. 284 Kan. at 170-71 , 159 P.3d 974 .

42007–2008
Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. green
scotus · 1986
2 sentences

2001In a libel action brought by a “public figure,” that individual is required under the First Amendment to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant acted with “actual malice, a knowing or reckless disregard of die trudi.” That the clear and convincing standard of proof of malice applies at die summary judgment stage was decided in Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 , 91 L.

2001In a libel action brought by a “public figure,” that individual is required under the First Amendment to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant acted with “actual malice, a knowing or reckless disregard of die trudi.” That the clear and convincing standard of proof of malice applies at die summary judgment stage was decided in Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 , 91 L.

41987–2001
In Re Estate of Shirk green
kan · 1965
2 sentences

2008See, e.g., Newell, 239 Kan. at 557 (fraud; “On review, this court considers only the evidence of the successful party to determine whether it is substantial and whether it is of clear and convincing quality.”); Fox, 211 Kan. at 579-80 (fraud; “We have no hesitancy in finding that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard.”); In re Shirk’s Estate, 194 Kan. 671 , 401 P.2d 279 (1965) (oral contract; “appellate court examines the record and must be satisfied that the findings of the trial court were supported by a quantum of competent and substantial testimony of the quality required by t

2008See, e.g., Newell, 239 Kan. at 557 (fraud; “On review, this court considers only the evidence of the successful party to determine whether it is substantial and whether it is of clear and convincing quality.”); Fox, 211 Kan. at 579-80 (fraud; “We have no hesitancy in finding that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard.”); In re Shirk’s Estate, 194 Kan. 671 , 401 P.2d 279 (1965) (oral contract; “appellate court examines the record and must be satisfied that the findings of the trial court were supported by a quantum of competent and substantial testimony of the quality required by t

31991–2008
In Re Bd-Y. green
kan · 2008
2 sentences

2020In re B.D.-Y., 286 Kan. 686 , Syl. ¶ 3, 187 P.3d 594 (2008).

2009The touchstone of the clear and convincing standard is that the evidence must establish that the truth of the facts asserted is “highly probable.” In re B.D.-Y., 286 Kan. 686 , Syl. ¶ 3, 187 P.3d 594 (2008).

22009–2020
In the Interest of J.A.H. green
kan · 2007
2 sentences

2008Although it would have been helpful to have the videotape of the Safe Talk in the record on appeal, the testimony of others regarding J.D.C.’s allegations about E.D. met the clear and convincing standard.” (Emphasis added.) We echoed this language in another CINC case, In re J.A.H., 285 Kan. 375 , 172 P.3d 1 (2007).

2008Although it would have been helpful to have the videotape of the Safe Talk in the record on appeal, the testimony of others regarding J.D.C.'s allegations about E.D. met the clear and convincing standard. " (Emphasis added.) We echoed this language in another CINC case, In re J.A.H., 285 Kan. 375 , 172 P.3d 1 (2007).

22008–2008
In Re JAH green
kan · 2007
2 sentences

2008Although it would have been helpful to have the videotape of the Safe Talk in the record on appeal, the testimony of others regarding J.D.C.’s allegations about E.D. met the clear and convincing standard.” (Emphasis added.) We echoed this language in another CINC case, In re J.A.H., 285 Kan. 375 , 172 P.3d 1 (2007).

2008Although it would have been helpful to have the videotape of the Safe Talk in the record on appeal, the testimony of others regarding J.D.C.'s allegations about E.D. met the clear and convincing standard. " (Emphasis added.) We echoed this language in another CINC case, In re J.A.H., 285 Kan. 375 , 172 P.3d 1 (2007).

22008–2008
In Re JDC green
kan · 2007
2 sentences

2008There, we quoted much of the above passage from J.D.C. and stated: "In In re J.D.C., this court held that the evidence was sufficient to demonstrate J.D.C. was a child in need of care and that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard. 284 Kan. at 170-71 , 159 P.3d 974 .

2007In In re J.D.C., this court held that the evidence was sufficient to demonstrate J.D.C. was a child in need of care and that the evidence met the clear and convincing standard. 284 Kan. at 170-71 , 159 P.3d 974 .

22007–2008
Ortega v. IBP, Inc. green
kan · 1994
2 sentences

2008Per direction from the United States Supreme Court, Kansas, like Maine, recognizes that the clear and convincing standard of proof should apply when “ ‘ “particularly important individual interests or rights are at stake.” ’ ” Ortega, 255 Kan. at 528 ; see Santosky, 455 U.S. at 756 (“This Court has mandated an intermediate standard of proof — ‘clear and convincing evidence’ — when the individual interests at stake in a state proceeding are both ‘particularly important’ and ‘more substantial than mere loss of money.’ ”).

2008Per direction from the United States Supreme Court, Kansas, like Maine, recognizes that the clear and convincing standard of *602 proof should apply when "`"particularly important individual interests or rights are at stake."'" Ortega, 255 Kan. at 528 , 874 P.2d 1188 ; see Santosky, 455 U.S. at 756 , 102 S.Ct. 1388 ("This Court has mandated an intermediate standard of proof — `clear and convincing evidence' — when the individual interests at stake in a state proceeding are both `particularly important' and `more substantial than mere loss of money.'").

22008–2008
In Re ANP neutral
kanctapp · 1997
2 sentences

2001Although the State has the burden to prove parental unfitness by clear and convincing evidence before the district court, the clear and convincing standard does not affect this court's scope of review. 23 Kan.

2001Although the State has the burden to prove parental unfitness by clear and convincing evidence before the district court, the clear and convincing standard does not affect this court’s scope of review. 23 Kan.

22001–2001
McConachie v. McConachie neutral
kanctapp · 1977
1 sentence

2022App. 2d 12, 16 , 561 P.2d 889 (1977), the court appears to endorse the district court's use of a clear and convincing standard in affirming a decision to set aside several deeds.

12022–2022
Avery v. Safeway Cab, Transfer & Storage Co. green
kan · 1938
2 sentences

2018It explained, without reference to the clear and convincing standard of proof, that a transfer of assets may work "in legal effect a fraud" even where the conduct was not intentionally fraudulent. 148 Kan. at 324 , 80 P.2d 1099 .

2018It explained, without reference to the clear and convincing standard of proof, that a transfer of assets may work "in legal effect a fraud" even where the conduct was not intentionally fraudulent. 148 Kan. at 324 , 80 P.2d 1099 .

12018–2018
In re Grimm green
nh · 1993
1 sentence

1995The psychologist in Petition of Grimm, supra, also raised an equal protection claim, asserting that there was no rational basis why the standard in psychologists' disciplinary hearings was preponderance of the evidence, while attorneys enjoy the application of the clear and convincing standard in their disciplinary hearings.

11995–1995
Baumann v. Excel Industries, Inc. green
kanctapp · 1993
1 sentence

1995App. 2d 807 , 845 P.2d 65 (1993), rev. denied 252 Kan. 1091 (1993), wherein the Court found that the application of the clear and convincing standard at the summary judgment stage is unique to libel cases because First Amendment rights are at issue. 17 Kan.

11995–1995
Haynes v. First Nat'l State Bk. of NJ green
nj · 1981
1 sentence

1993While recognizing evidence existed in the record to support the trial court’s conclusion, the case was remanded for application of the clear and convincing standard of proof, and further consideration of the scrivener’s conflict of interest, whose testimony was crucial to the outcome of the case. 87 N.J. at 185-86 .

11993–1993
In Re the Accusation for Disbarment of Ratner green
kan · 1965
2 sentences

1993He reasons that the clear and convincing requirement is greater than the level of proof required in an ordinary civil action, citing In re Ratner, 194 Kan. 362, 366 , 399 P.2d 865 (1965).

1993He reasons that the clear and convincing requirement is greater than the level of proof required in an ordinary civil action, citing In re Ratner, 194 Kan. 362, 366 , 399 P.2d 865 (1965).

11993–1993
United States v. Richard Mastrangelo green
ca2 · 1982
1 sentence

1989While the Court has held the preponderance of evidence test applicable to suppression hearings involving possible misconduct by the government [citations omitted], it has applied the clear and convincing standard to questions of admissibility involving constitutional requirements going to the reliability of evidence.” 693 F.2d at 273 .

11989–1989
Bradford v. Mahan green
kan · 1976
2 sentences

1983For prior cases failing to adopt the clear and convincing standard see: Bradford v. Mahan, 219 Kan. 450 ; Gardner v. McDowell, 202 Kan. 705 ; Bukaty v. Berglund, 179 Kan. 259 .

1983For prior cases failing to adopt the clear and convincing standard see: Bradford v. Mahan, 219 Kan. 450 ; Gardner v. McDowell, 202 Kan. 705 ; Bukaty v. Berglund, 179 Kan. 259 .

11983–1983
Bukaty v. Berglund green
kan · 1956
2 sentences

1983For prior cases failing to adopt the clear and convincing standard see: Bradford v. Mahan, 219 Kan. 450 ; Gardner v. McDowell, 202 Kan. 705 ; Bukaty v. Berglund, 179 Kan. 259 .

1983For prior cases failing to adopt the clear and convincing standard see: Bradford v. Mahan, 219 Kan. 450 ; Gardner v. McDowell, 202 Kan. 705 ; Bukaty v. Berglund, 179 Kan. 259 .

11983–1983
Gardner v. McDowell neutral
kan · 1969
2 sentences

1983For prior cases failing to adopt the clear and convincing standard see: Bradford v. Mahan, 219 Kan. 450 ; Gardner v. McDowell, 202 Kan. 705 ; Bukaty v. Berglund, 179 Kan. 259 .

1983For prior cases failing to adopt the clear and convincing standard see: Bradford v. Mahan, 219 Kan. 450 ; Gardner v. McDowell, 202 Kan. 705 ; Bukaty v. Berglund, 179 Kan. 259 .

11983–1983

Statutes the citing opinions construe

KS § K.S.A. § 38-1501 (6) KS § K.S.A. § 38-1502 (6) KS § K.S.A. § 38-2250 (6) KS § K.S.A. § 38-2202 (5) KS § K.S.A. § 38-1505 (4) KS § K.S.A. § 38-1551 (4) KS § K.S.A. § 38-1555 (4) KS § K.S.A. § 38-1581 (4) KS § K.S.A. § 38-1583 (4) KS § K.S.A. § 20-3018 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 880 (1960–2026) OH 475 (1983–2026) CA 448 (1978–2026) TN 341 (1990–2026) PA 181 (1983–2026) IL 171 (1975–2026) CT 138 (1982–2026) LA 110 (1985–2026) WV 103 (1984–2026) ND 85 (1979–2025) NJ 81 (1966–2026) FL 81 (1982–2026) MN 77 (1985–2025) NM 73 (1988–2025) WA 66 (1980–2026) MD 63 (1982–2023) NY 60 (1979–2026) AZ 58 (1962–2026) DC 51 (1982–2025) CO 51 (1980–2025) OK 50 (1982–2024) UT 50 (1951–2026) ME 49 (1991–2021) IN 47 (1982–2024) ID 45 (1989–2025) MO 45 (1982–2025) MI 36 (1978–2025) VA 36 (1988–2026) OR 35 (1959–2026) SD 34 (1956–2026) GA 31 (1984–2024) KS 30 (1983–2024) NC 28 (1987–2026) RI 25 (1990–2024) SC 24 (1985–2026) AK 24 (1979–2025) WI 23 (1981–2025) HI 21 (1992–2025) MA 21 (1983–2025) DE 20 (1988–2026) MS 19 (1987–2023) IA 18 (1984–2025) AL 16 (1985–2017) NE 14 (1981–2024) VT 14 (1986–2024) NV 13 (1999–2026) WY 11 (1984–2015) AR 10 (1943–2022) NH 8 (1988–2013) KY 8 (1983–2025) VI 3 (2008–2010) MT 2 (1991–2010)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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