knowledge instruction (Washington) · Go Syfert
← Washington issues

knowledge instruction in Washington

106 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1917–2025 11 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (26)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Gerdtsgreen
washctapp · 2007 · cited in 7 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2025
2 sentences

2025Similar to Goble, Mr. Gerdts argued the knowledge instruction created a mandatory presumption because it “allowed the jury to find he acted with knowledge if he intentionally walked past the van, regardless of whether he knowingly damaged the van.” Id. at 727-28 .

2025We disagreed, concluding the knowledge instruction did not create a mandatory presumption because “[u]nlike the offense at issue in Goble, there was no second mens rea element to conflate.” Id. at 728 .

47
State v. Goblegreen
washctapp · 2005 · cited in 11 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2025
2 sentences

2025The disputed portion of the knowledge instruction read, “Acting knowingly or with knowledge also is established if a person acts intentionally.” Id. at 202 (emphasis omitted).

2025On appeal, we concluded the knowledge instruction created a confusing mandatory presumption because it “allowed the jury to presume Goble knew [the officer’s] status at the time of the incident if it found Goble had intentionally assaulted [the officer].” Id. at 203 .

311
State v. Gerdtsgreen
washctapp · 2007 · cited in 4 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2010
2 sentences

2010This court considered an identical challenge in State v. Atkins, 156 Wash.App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S.Ct. 1884 , 114 L.Ed.2d 432 (1991). [31] 140 Wash.App. 858 , 166 P.3d 1268 (2007). [32] Id. at 862, 166 P.3d 1268 . [33] Id. at 863-64, 166 P.3d 1268 . [34] Id. at 865, 166 P.3d 1268 . [35] Id. at 866-68, 166 P.3d 1268 . [36] Id. at 868, 166 P.3d 1268 . [37] 136 Wash.App. 720 , 150 P.3d 627 (2007). [38] Id. at 728 , 150 P.3d 627 . [39]

2010This court considered an identical challenge in State v. Atkins, 156 Wash.App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S.Ct. 1884 , 114 L.Ed.2d 432 (1991). [31] 140 Wash.App. 858 , 166 P.3d 1268 (2007). [32] Id. at 862, 166 P.3d 1268 . [33] Id. at 863-64, 166 P.3d 1268 . [34] Id. at 865, 166 P.3d 1268 . [35] Id. at 866-68, 166 P.3d 1268 . [36] Id. at 868, 166 P.3d 1268 . [37] 136 Wash.App. 720 , 150 P.3d 627 (2007). [38] Id. at 728 , 150 P.3d 627 . [39]

24
Rogers v. Miles Laboratories, Inc.green
wash · 1991 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015This knowledge requirement is " an idea which ` rings of negligence."' Rogers, 116 Wn.2d at 207 ( internal quotation marks omitted) quoting Brown, 44 Cal.3d at 1059 ).

2015This knowledge requirement is “an idea which ‘rings of negligence.’ ” Rogers, 116 Wn.2d at 207 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Brown, 44 Cal. 3d at 1059 ). ¶40 Here, Taylor alleges that ISI failed to warn physicians of dangers that it knew or should have known about based on both the medical literature and the studies that indicate the da Vinci System has a high learning curve.

22
United States v. Gendrongreen
ca1 · 1994 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See, e.g., Lacy, 119 F.3d at 747 ; United States v. Gendron, 18 F.3d 955, 957-58 (1st Cir. 1994).

2009See, e.g., Lacy, 119 F.3d at 747 ; United States v. Gendron, 18 F.3d 955, 957-58 (1st Cir. 1994). [8] See footnote 5, supra. [9] Garbaccio asserts no claim that RCW 9.68A.110(2) suffers from any constitutional deficiency.

22
Boeing Co. v. Heidygreen
wash · 2002 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See 147 Wn.2d at 83 (noting the schedule of benefits was the same, with or without a knowledge requirement).

2009See 147 Wash.2d at 83 , 51 P.3d 793 (noting the schedule of benefits was the same, with or without a knowledge requirement).

22
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Scott Douglas LACY, Defendant-Appellantgreen
ca9 · 1997 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See, e.g., Lacy, 119 F.3d at 747 ; United States v. Gendron, 18 F.3d 955, 957-58 (1st Cir. 1994).

2009See, e.g., Lacy, 119 F.3d at 747 ; United States v. Gendron, 18 F.3d 955, 957-58 (1st Cir. 1994). [8] See footnote 5, supra. [9] Garbaccio asserts no claim that RCW 9.68A.110(2) suffers from any constitutional deficiency.

22
State v. Tarangogreen
nmctapp · 1987 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2006
22
State v. Woolfolkgreen
washctapp · 1999 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
22
State v. Michlitschgreen
nd · 1989 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
22
Ingersoll v. DeBartolo, Inc.green
wash · 1994 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
22
State v. Goblegreen
washctapp · 2006 · cited in 6 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2010
2 sentences

2009Goble argued that this statement "relieved the State of the burden of proving his knowledge of [the officer's] status at the time of the offense" and that the knowledge instruction, as a whole, was "confusing, misleading, and a misstatement of the law." Goble, 131 Wash.App. at 202 , 126 P.3d 821 . ¶ 23 We held that the language stating that intent establishes knowledge "allowed the jury to presume Goble knew [the officer's] status at the time of the incident if it found Goble had intentionally assaulted [the officer]." The majority also held that the instruction "conflated the intent and knowl

2009Goble argued that this statement "relieved the State of the burden of proving his knowledge of [the officer's] status at the time of the offense" and that the knowledge instruction, as a whole, was "confusing, misleading, and a misstatement of the law." Goble, 131 Wash.App. at 202 , 126 P.3d 821 . ¶ 23 We held that the language stating that intent establishes knowledge "allowed the jury to presume Goble knew [the officer's] status at the time of the incident if it found Goble had intentionally assaulted [the officer]." The majority also held that the instruction "conflated the intent and knowl

16
State v. Douglasgreen
washctapp · 2005 · cited in 3 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See Gerdts, 136 Wash.App. at 727 , 150 P.3d 627 . ¶ 7 "Jury instructions are `sufficient when they allow counsel to argue their theory of the case, are not misleading, and when read as a whole properly inform the trier of fact of the applicable law.'" State v. Douglas, 128 Wash.App. 555, 562 , 116 P.3d 1012 (2005) (quoting Bodin v. City of Stanwood, 130 Wash.2d 726, 732 , 927 P.2d 240 (1996)).

2007Accordingly, we must examine the substance of Gerdts’s arguments. ¶19 “Jury instructions are ‘sufficient when they allow counsel to argue their theory of the case, are not misleading, and when read as a whole properly inform the trier of fact of the applicable law.’ ” State v. Douglas, 128 Wn.

13
Bodin v. City of Stanwoodgreen
wash · 1996 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See Gerdts, 136 Wash.App. at 727 , 150 P.3d 627 . ¶ 7 "Jury instructions are `sufficient when they allow counsel to argue their theory of the case, are not misleading, and when read as a whole properly inform the trier of fact of the applicable law.'" State v. Douglas, 128 Wash.App. 555, 562 , 116 P.3d 1012 (2005) (quoting Bodin v. City of Stanwood, 130 Wash.2d 726, 732 , 927 P.2d 240 (1996)).

2007Accordingly, we must examine the substance of Gerdts's arguments. ¶ 19 "Jury instructions are `sufficient when they allow counsel to argue their theory of the case, are not misleading, and when read as a whole properly inform the trier of fact of the applicable law.'" State v. Douglas, 128 Wash.App. 555, 562 , 116 P.3d 1012 (2005) (quoting Bodin v. City of Stanwood, 130 Wash.2d 726, 732 , 927 P.2d 240 (1996)).

12
State v. Douglasgreen
washctapp · 2005 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See Gerdts, 136 Wash.App. at 727 , 150 P.3d 627 . ¶ 7 "Jury instructions are `sufficient when they allow counsel to argue their theory of the case, are not misleading, and when read as a whole properly inform the trier of fact of the applicable law.'" State v. Douglas, 128 Wash.App. 555, 562 , 116 P.3d 1012 (2005) (quoting Bodin v. City of Stanwood, 130 Wash.2d 726, 732 , 927 P.2d 240 (1996)).

2007Accordingly, we must examine the substance of Gerdts's arguments. ¶ 19 "Jury instructions are `sufficient when they allow counsel to argue their theory of the case, are not misleading, and when read as a whole properly inform the trier of fact of the applicable law.'" State v. Douglas, 128 Wash.App. 555, 562 , 116 P.3d 1012 (2005) (quoting Bodin v. City of Stanwood, 130 Wash.2d 726, 732 , 927 P.2d 240 (1996)).

12
Bodin v. City of Stanwoodgreen
wash · 1996 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See Gerdts, 136 Wash.App. at 727 , 150 P.3d 627 . ¶ 7 "Jury instructions are `sufficient when they allow counsel to argue their theory of the case, are not misleading, and when read as a whole properly inform the trier of fact of the applicable law.'" State v. Douglas, 128 Wash.App. 555, 562 , 116 P.3d 1012 (2005) (quoting Bodin v. City of Stanwood, 130 Wash.2d 726, 732 , 927 P.2d 240 (1996)).

2007Accordingly, we must examine the substance of Gerdts's arguments. ¶ 19 "Jury instructions are `sufficient when they allow counsel to argue their theory of the case, are not misleading, and when read as a whole properly inform the trier of fact of the applicable law.'" State v. Douglas, 128 Wash.App. 555, 562 , 116 P.3d 1012 (2005) (quoting Bodin v. City of Stanwood, 130 Wash.2d 726, 732 , 927 P.2d 240 (1996)).

12
State v. Moreygreen
me · 1981 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
12
In re the Personal Restraint of Andressred
wash · 2002 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
In Re Personal Restraint of Andressred
wash · 2002 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
State v. Mullengreen
wash · 2011 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
11
State v. Shabeebgreen
wash · 2016 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
State v. Rousselgreen
wash · 2016 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
State v. Richgreen
wash · 2016 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
State v. Loughgreen
wash · 1995 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
Ignacio Marin v. King Co Wagreen
washctapp · 2016 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
Elizabeth Gordon v. New York City Board of Educationgreen
ca2 · 2000 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (54)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Allen green
wash · 2015
2 sentences

2024Moreover, we note that unlike the prosecutor in Allen, the prosecutor here did not incorrectly state the knowledge standard as “should have known.” See Allen, 182 Wn.2d at 374 .

2019To this end, our Supreme Court has observed that the knowledge standard can be "understandably misinterpret[ed]. . . to allow a finding of knowledge. . . if the defendant `should have known." Allen, 182 Wn.2d at 374 (quoting State v. Shipp, 93 Wn.2d 510, 514 , 610 P.2d 1322 (1980)).

72017–2024
State v. Cardwell green
washctapp · 2010
2 sentences

2022Later, in State v. Cardwell, the court held that “[i]n order to meet the knowledge requirement of the [bail jumping] statute, the State is required to prove that a defendant has been given notice of the required court dates.” 155 Wn.

2020“In order to meet the knowledge requirement of the [bail jumping] statute, the State is required to prove that a defendant has been given notice of the required court dates.” State v. Cardwell, 155 Wn.

62017–2022
Miranda v. Arizona green
scotus · 1966
2 sentences

2025Officers must give these warnings before entering the home because the resident's knowledge of the privilege is a “ ‘threshold requirement for an intelligent decision as to its exercise.’ ” Id. at 117 (quoting Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 468 , 86 S. Ct. 1602 , 16 L.

2025Officers must give these warnings before entering the home because the resident's knowledge of the privilege is a “ ‘threshold requirement for an intelligent decision as to its exercise.’ ” Id. at 117 (quoting Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 468 , 86 S. Ct. 1602 , 16 L.

52016–2025
State v. Cardwell neutral
washctapp · 2010
2 sentences

2022App. 41, 47 , 226 P.3d 243 (2010), adhered to on remand, noted at 166 Wn.

2017App. 41, 47 , 226 P.3d 243 (2010), which held that "[i]n order to meet the knowledge requirement of the statute, the State is required to prove that a defendant has been given notice of the required court dates." But Cardwell is inapposite because it involved the sufficiency of the evidence, not the adequacy of the information. 17 No. 72728-1-1 / 18 First, Jordan challenges the sufficiency of the information charging felony harassment.

42017–2022
State v. Fredrick green
washctapp · 2004
2 sentences

2018Moreover, “the knowledge requirement is met when the State proves that the defendant has been given notice of the required court dates.” State v. Fredrick, 123 Wn.

2010State v. Fredrick, 123 Wn.

32010–2018
State v. Ferrier green
wash · 1998
2 sentences

2025Officers must give these warnings before entering the home because the resident's knowledge of the privilege is a “ ‘threshold requirement for an intelligent decision as to its exercise.’ ” Id. at 117 (quoting Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 468 , 86 S. Ct. 1602 , 16 L.

2025Officers must give these warnings before entering the home because the resident's knowledge of the privilege is a “ ‘threshold requirement for an intelligent decision as to its exercise.’ ” Id. at 117 (quoting Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 468 , 86 S. Ct. 1602 , 16 L.

22025–2025
State v. Shipp green
wash · 1980
2 sentences

2019Id. 6 No. 76869-7-1/7 Here, Coleman has not argued that the prosecutor misled the jury in explaining the knowledge standard to the jury.

2019To this end, our Supreme Court has observed that the knowledge standard can be "understandably misinterpret[ed]. . . to allow a finding of knowledge. . . if the defendant `should have known." Allen, 182 Wn.2d at 374 (quoting State v. Shipp, 93 Wn.2d 510, 514 , 610 P.2d 1322 (1980)).

22019–2019
State v. Fredrick neutral
washctapp · 2004
2 sentences

2018App. 347, 353 , 97 P.3d 47 (2004).

2010State v. Fredrick, 123 Wash.App. 347, 353 , 97 P.3d 47 (2004).

22010–2018
Brown v. Superior Court green
cal · 1988
2 sentences

2015This knowledge requirement is " an idea which ` rings of negligence."' Rogers, 116 Wn.2d at 207 ( internal quotation marks omitted) quoting Brown, 44 Cal.3d at 1059 ).

2015This knowledge requirement is “an idea which ‘rings of negligence.’ ” Rogers, 116 Wn.2d at 207 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Brown, 44 Cal. 3d at 1059 ). ¶40 Here, Taylor alleges that ISI failed to warn physicians of dangers that it knew or should have known about based on both the medical literature and the studies that indicate the da Vinci System has a high learning curve.

22015–2015
State v. Sibert green
wash · 2010
2 sentences

2014State v. Sibert, 168 Wn.2d 306, 316-17 , 230 P.3d 142 (2010).

2010This court considered an identical challenge in State v. Atkins, 156 Wash.App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S.Ct. 1884 , 114 L.Ed.2d 432 (1991). [31] 140 Wash.App. 858 , 166 P.3d 1268 (2007). [32] Id. at 862, 166 P.3d 1268 . [33] Id. at 863-64, 166 P.3d 1268 . [34] Id. at 865, 166 P.3d 1268 . [35] Id. at 866-68, 166 P.3d 1268 . [36] Id. at 868, 166 P.3d 1268 . [37] 136 Wash.App. 720 , 150 P.3d 627 (2007). [38] Id. at 728 , 150 P.3d 627 . [39]

22010–2014
State v. Sibert green
wash · 2010
2 sentences

2010This court considered an identical challenge in State v. Atkins, 156 Wash.App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S.Ct. 1884 , 114 L.Ed.2d 432 (1991). [31] 140 Wash.App. 858 , 166 P.3d 1268 (2007). [32] Id. at 862, 166 P.3d 1268 . [33] Id. at 863-64, 166 P.3d 1268 . [34] Id. at 865, 166 P.3d 1268 . [35] Id. at 866-68, 166 P.3d 1268 . [36] Id. at 868, 166 P.3d 1268 . [37] 136 Wash.App. 720 , 150 P.3d 627 (2007). [38] Id. at 728 , 150 P.3d 627 . [39]

2010This court considered an identical challenge in State v. Atkins, 156 Wash.App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S.Ct. 1884 , 114 L.Ed.2d 432 (1991). [31] 140 Wash.App. 858 , 166 P.3d 1268 (2007). [32] Id. at 862, 166 P.3d 1268 . [33] Id. at 863-64, 166 P.3d 1268 . [34] Id. at 865, 166 P.3d 1268 . [35] Id. at 866-68, 166 P.3d 1268 . [36] Id. at 868, 166 P.3d 1268 . [37] 136 Wash.App. 720 , 150 P.3d 627 (2007). [38] Id. at 728 , 150 P.3d 627 . [39]

22010–2014
Giles v. Maryland green
scotus · 1967
2 sentences

2011Brady does not require the prosecutor to prepare notes for the defense or to highlight a particular line of questioning that is promising for the defense theory of the case. ¶ 39 "`[A]ny allegation of suppression boils down to an assessment of what the State knows at trial in comparison to the knowledge held by the defense.'" Dupuy, 760 F.2d at 1501 n. 5 (quoting Giles v. Maryland, 386 U.S. 66, 96 , 87 S.Ct. 793 , 17 L.Ed.2d 737 (1967) (White, J., concurring)).

2011Brady does not require the prosecutor to prepare notes for the defense or to highlight a particular line of questioning that is promising for the defense theory of the case. ¶ 39 "`[A]ny allegation of suppression boils down to an assessment of what the State knows at trial in comparison to the knowledge held by the defense.'" Dupuy, 760 F.2d at 1501 n. 5 (quoting Giles v. Maryland, 386 U.S. 66, 96 , 87 S.Ct. 793 , 17 L.Ed.2d 737 (1967) (White, J., concurring)).

22011–2011
United States v. Albert Dupuy, United States of America v. Christie Buzard, United States of America v. Juan Antonio Tercero green
ca9 · 1985
2 sentences

2011Brady does not require the prosecutor to prepare notes for the defense or to highlight a particular line of questioning that is promising for the defense theory of the case. ¶ 39 "`[A]ny allegation of suppression boils down to an assessment of what the State knows at trial in comparison to the knowledge held by the defense.'" Dupuy, 760 F.2d at 1501 n. 5 (quoting Giles v. Maryland, 386 U.S. 66, 96 , 87 S.Ct. 793 , 17 L.Ed.2d 737 (1967) (White, J., concurring)).

2011Brady does not require the prosecutor to prepare notes for the defense or to highlight a particular line of questioning that is promising for the defense theory of the case. ¶39 “ ‘[A]ny allegation of suppression boils down to an assessment of what the State knows at trial in comparison to the knowledge held by the defense.’ ”Dupuy, 760 F.2d at 1501 n.5 (quoting Giles v. Maryland, 386 U.S. 66, 96 , 87 S. Ct. 793 , 17 L.

22011–2011
Yates v. Evatt green
scotus · 1991
2 sentences

2010App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S. Ct. 1884 , 114 L.

2010App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S. Ct. 1884 , 114 L.

22010–2010
State v. Atkins green
washctapp · 2010
2 sentences

2010This court considered an identical challenge in State v. Atkins, 156 Wash.App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S.Ct. 1884 , 114 L.Ed.2d 432 (1991). [31] 140 Wash.App. 858 , 166 P.3d 1268 (2007). [32] Id. at 862, 166 P.3d 1268 . [33] Id. at 863-64, 166 P.3d 1268 . [34] Id. at 865, 166 P.3d 1268 . [35] Id. at 866-68, 166 P.3d 1268 . [36] Id. at 868, 166 P.3d 1268 . [37] 136 Wash.App. 720 , 150 P.3d 627 (2007). [38] Id. at 728 , 150 P.3d 627 . [39]

2010App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S. Ct. 1884 , 114 L.

22010–2010
State v. Keend green
washctapp · 2007
2 sentences

2010This court considered an identical challenge in State v. Atkins, 156 Wash.App. 799 , 236 P.3d 897 (2010), and held the knowledge instruction created an impermissible mandatory presumption, which in that case was harmless under Yates v. Evatt, 500 U.S. 391 , 111 S.Ct. 1884 , 114 L.Ed.2d 432 (1991). [31] 140 Wash.App. 858 , 166 P.3d 1268 (2007). [32] Id. at 862, 166 P.3d 1268 . [33] Id. at 863-64, 166 P.3d 1268 . [34] Id. at 865, 166 P.3d 1268 . [35] Id. at 866-68, 166 P.3d 1268 . [36] Id. at 868, 166 P.3d 1268 . [37] 136 Wash.App. 720 , 150 P.3d 627 (2007). [38] Id. at 728 , 150 P.3d 627 . [39]

2010Ed. 2d 432 (1991). 140 Wn.

22010–2010
State v. Williams green
wash · 2006
2 sentences

2009The court held that, in order for the defendant to be convicted of the offense, the State was required to prove that "a defendant knows, or should know, the characteristics of the firearm that make it unlawful." Williams, 158 Wash.2d at 905 , 148 P.3d 993 . ¶ 45 That is very different from the knowledge requirement proposed by Releford, which would, in essence, have required that Releford know not only that he possessed the weapon, but also that the weapon could be rendered functional with relative ease.

2009The court held that, in order for the defendant to be convicted of the offense, the State was required to prove that “a defendant knows, or should know, the characteristics of the firearm that make it unlawful.” Williams, 158 Wn.2d at 905 . ¶45 That is very different from the knowledge requirement proposed by Releford, which would, in essence, have required that Releford know not only that he possessed the weapon, but also that the weapon could be rendered functional with relative ease.

22009–2009
Glaubach v. Regence BlueShield green
wash · 2003
2 sentences

2007This is an absurd result and "we avoid readings of statutes that result in unlikely, absurd or strained results." Glaubach v. Regence BlueShield, 149 Wash.2d 827, 833 , 74 P.3d 115 (2003). ¶ 22 The Department interprets the requirement of an employer's knowledge of the violation to mean that the employer knows of the hazardous conduct or condition but need not know about the specific behavior that led to the citation.

2007This is an absurd result, and “[w]e avoid readings of statutes that result in unlikely, absurd, or strained consequences.” Glaubach v. Regence BlueShield, 149 Wn.2d 827, 833 , 74 P.3d 115 (2003). ¶22 The Department interprets the requirement of an employer’s knowledge of the violation to mean that the employer knows of the hazardous conduct or condition but need not know about the specific behavior that led to the citation.

22007–2007
Glaubach v. Regence Blueshield green
wash · 2003
22007–2007
Zurla v. State green
nm · 1990
22005–2006
Staples v. United States green
scotus · 1994
22006–2006
State v. Scott green
wash · 1988
22005–2006
State v. Johnson green
washctapp · 1999
22005–2005
State v. Anderson green
wash · 2000
22003–2004
State v. Carver green
washctapp · 2004
22004–2004
City of Seattle v. Ivan green
washctapp · 1993
22001–2001
In Re the Personal Restraint of Hews green
wash · 1983
22000–2000
In Re the Personal Restraint of Hews green
wash · 1987
22000–2000
Dawkins v. State green
md · 1988
22000–2000
State v. Simmons green
washctapp · 1981
21982–1982
State v. Crittenden green
washctapp · 2008
12025–2025
Cummings v. Future Nissan green
calctapp · 2005
12024–2024
State v. Manussier green
wash · 1996
12022–2022
State v. Bonner green
wash · 1959
12022–2022
State v. Manussier green
wash · 1996
12022–2022
In re the Personal Restraint of Carter neutral
washctapp · 2012
12022–2022
Wiltse v. Albertson's Inc. green
wash · 1991
12021–2021
Potelco, Inc. v. Department of Labor & Industries green
washctapp · 2016
12021–2021
Erickson v. Wick green
washctapp · 1979
12020–2020
State v. Leech green
wash · 1990
12020–2020

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 2.06.040 (28) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.08.010 (26) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 69.50.401 (12) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.76.170 (11) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9.41.040 (7) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.20.021 (6) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.08.020 (5) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.46.020 (5) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 69.50.4013 (4) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9.41.190 (4) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.04.110 (4) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.76.010 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 309 (1964–2026) WA 106 (1917–2025) NJ 80 (1958–2026) IL 78 (1964–2026) TX 73 (1910–2025) NY 57 (1898–2026) OH 57 (1990–2026) FL 42 (1982–2025) PA 40 (1937–2026) MA 39 (1939–2026) KS 35 (1978–2026) GA 34 (1984–2024) IA 33 (1882–2026) IN 32 (1891–2020) TN 31 (1914–2025) OR 27 (1968–2026) MI 25 (1868–2026) MN 24 (1891–2024) NM 24 (1981–2020) SC 22 (1980–2025) AZ 22 (1910–2022) CO 20 (1980–2026) NC 19 (1939–2023) MD 18 (1969–2025) AL 18 (1915–2023) ND 16 (1981–2020) MO 16 (1896–2024) LA 15 (1918–2025) ID 13 (1976–2022) DC 13 (1958–2024) UT 13 (1987–2023) NE 13 (1998–2023) DE 13 (2006–2025) WV 12 (1933–2024) SD 12 (1984–2026) OK 10 (1916–1992) NV 10 (1994–2022) VA 9 (1935–2024) VT 8 (1993–2022) CT 8 (2002–2019) MS 7 (1994–2023) HI 6 (1973–2024) WI 5 (1976–2023) WY 4 (1993–2020) MT 3 (1899–1993) AK 3 (1978–2012) KY 3 (1912–2021) RI 3 (2003–2014) AR 3 (1980–2006)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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