parole violation (Ohio) · Go Syfert
← Ohio issues

parole violation in Ohio

105 Ohio opinions name it 3 courts 1977–2026 21 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (20)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Browngreen
ohio · 1992 · cited in 7 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2001–2019
2 sentences

2007A parole violation is a separate offense." Brown , 64 Ohio St.3d at 479 .

2001As a parole violation is a separate offense within the meaning of the statute, "[t]he existence of a valid parole holder prevents the application of the triple-count provisions of R.C. 2945.71 (E)." Brown , 64 Ohio St.3d at 479 .

27
Morrissey v. Brewergreen
scotus · 1972 · cited in 7 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1987–2014
2 sentences

2014The defendant may be admitted to bail pending hearing." {¶147} The State's motion to revoke lists the reason for termination as "physical altercation with another client." In Morrissey v. Brewer (1972), 408 U.S. 471 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 , the United States Supreme Court stated the minimum due process standards applicable to a revocation proceeding, holding: {¶148} "With respect to the preliminary hearing before this officer, the parolee should be given notice that the hearing will take place and that its purpose is to determine whether there is probable cause to believe he has committed a parole vi

2014The defendant may be admitted to bail pending hearing." {¶147} The State's motion to revoke lists the reason for termination as "physical altercation with another client." In Morrissey v. Brewer (1972), 408 U.S. 471 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 , the United States Supreme Court stated the minimum due process standards applicable to a revocation proceeding, holding: {¶148} "With respect to the preliminary hearing before this officer, the parolee should be given notice that the hearing will take place and that its purpose is to determine whether there is probable cause to believe he has committed a parole vi

27
State v. Martingreen
ohio · 1978 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1983–2007
2 sentences

2007A parole violation is a separate offense and does not relate to the pending charge as contemplated by R.C. 2945.71(E).'" Mann , supra, quoting State v. Martin (1978), 56 Ohio St.2d 207 (emphasis added). {¶ 4} There is not a copy of a parole holder in the record and, although the trial court issued an entry denying Glover's motion to dismiss, the entry did not list the grounds for denial.

1983The state has countered with the argument that an allegation of a parole violation constitutes a separate charge against defendant, and, therefore, that a detainer is more than a mere administrative device to temporarily constrain a parolee; the state asserts that the decision of State v. Martin (1978), 56 Ohio St. 2d 207 [ 10 O.O.3d 369 ], should be extended to cover the situation in the instant matter.

24
Beach v. McAninchgreen
ohioctapp · 1996 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2016–2025
2 sentences

2025“This occurs most notably ‘when the parole authorities fail to make a determination of the parole violation issue within a reasonable time.’” Id., quoting Beach v. McAninch, 111 Ohio App.3d 667, 672 (4th Dist. 1996); see also State v. Bell, 2016- Ohio-4630, ¶ 10 (“R.C.

2016This occurs most notably "when the parole authorities fail to make a determination of the parole violation issue within a reasonable time." Beach v. McAninch, 111 Ohio App.3d 667, 672 (4th Dist.1996).

22
State ex rel. Keith v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth. (Slip Opinion)green
ohio · 2014 · cited in 12 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2018–2025
2 sentences

2025Keith v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth., 2014-Ohio-4270 (“Keith I”), and reiterated that “ ‘[w]here there are credible allegations, supported by evidence, that the materials relied on at a parole hearing were substantively inaccurate, the [OAPA] has an obligation to investigate and correct any significant errors in the record of the prisoner.’ ” Brust at ¶ 42 , quoting Keith I at ¶ 28.

2024Keith v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth., 141 Ohio St.3d 375 , 2014-Ohio-4270 (“Keith I”), and reiterated that “ ‘[w]here there are credible allegations, supported by evidence, that the materials relied on at a parole hearing were substantively inaccurate, the [OAPA] has an obligation to investigate and correct any significant errors in the record of the prisoner.’ ” Brust at ¶ 42 , quoting Keith I at ¶ 28.

112
State ex rel. Dodson v. Phippsgreen
ohio · 2024 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Dodson v. Phipps, 2024-Ohio-4928 .] Procedendo—Mandamus—Inmate pursued adequate remedy in ordinary course of law by appealing judge’s denial of his motions to journalize jury-verdict forms—Inmate failed to establish that Adult Parole Authority has a clear legal duty not to use Ohio Risk Assessment System tool at a new parole hearing—When construed most strongly in inmate’s favor, the evidence does not support his allegation of error in parole board’s determination of when he first became statutorily eligible for parole—Court of appeals’ judgment granting judge’s motion to dismiss and Adult Par

2024See also Dodson at ¶ 24 (“[OPB] has discretion at a parole hearing to consider other information in addition to an offender’s ORAS score.”). {¶ 38} Here, we cannot conclude from OPB’s assertion that appellant completed “some relevant programming” that it did not review his ORAS information sheet finding him low risk/low need or that it failed to consider that ODRC did not recommend programming following the ORAS assessment.

12
State ex rel. Brust v. Chambers-Smith (Slip Opinion)green
ohio · 2019 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2024
2 sentences

2024Therefore, “ ‘where there are credible allegations, supported by evidence, that the materials relied on at a parole hearing were substantively inaccurate, [OPB] has an obligation to investigate and correct any significant errors in the record of the prisoner.’ ” Id., quoting Keith at ¶ 28 .

2024See Brust at ¶ 21 (“Under current [O]DRC policy, each inmate is permitted to respond to the factual information discussed at the [parole] hearing and to submit verbally or in writing any additional information that is pertinent.”).

12
Kellogg v. Shoemakergreen
ohsd · 1996 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2000–2017
2 sentences

2017Marsh is incorrect in asserting that his federal sentence *660 would have been credited toward his state sentence for the parole violation had the APA granted him a revocation hearing by videoconference when he requested it. {¶ 21} Marsh also claims that the court of appeals failed to address whether the September 2014 parole-revocation hearing was unreasonably delayed under the dictates of the consent decree established in Kellogg v. Shoemaker, 927 F.Supp. 244 (S.D.Ohio 1996).

2000Even assuming that as a general proposition entrapment can be raised in revocation proceedings, the consent decree specifies that “[c]lass members may not relitigate the new felony conviction [upon which the parole violation is based] at the mitigation hearing.” 927 F.Supp. at 247 .

12
State v. Garvergreen
ohioctapp · 2017 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026For example, the time appellant was incarcerated in Michigan was for a parole violation for home-invasion offenses unrelated to case No. 2020-CR-0106, and appellant’s four-day confinement in the Wood County Jail from March 9 to March 13, 2020, was for two unrelated convictions and sentences by the Perrysburg Municipal Court “with a hold for Erie County.” Citing State v. Garver, 6. 2017-Ohio-1107, ¶ 19 (11th Dist.), appellee argued the existence of the Erie County holder on the unrelated Perrysburg Municipal Court convictions and sentences did not trigger any jail-time credit under R.C. 2967.19

11
State v. Wallsgreen
ohio · 2002 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See State v. Walls, 2002-Ohio-5059, ¶ 21-23 (the Ex Post Facto Clause implicates only certain other types of legislative acts). 12 January Term, 2024 {¶ 32} Dodson cannot establish that he has a clear legal right to a new parole hearing.

2024See State v. Walls, 2002-Ohio-5059, ¶ 21-23 (the Ex Post Facto Clause implicates only certain other types of legislative acts). {¶ 32} Dodson cannot establish that he has a clear legal right to a new parole hearing.

11
Clark v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth.green
ohioctapp · 2016 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Smith v. Doegreen
scotus · 2003 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
California Department of Corrections v. Moralesgreen
scotus · 1995 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Clifford Cummings, Jr. v. City of Akron Rodney Sherman and Howard Vaughn, Jr.green
ca6 · 2005 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Blakely v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Anders v. Californiagreen
scotus · 1967 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
State v. Stumpfgreen
ohio · 1987 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
State v. Miller, Unpublished Decision (3-4-2004)green
ohioctapp · 2004 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Mitchell v. Lawson Milk Co.green
ohio · 1988 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
State v. Rileygreen
ohioctapp · 2001 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (60)

CaseCitedYears
State ex rel. Keith v. Dept. of Rehab. & Corr. (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2018
2 sentences

2025Keith v. Dept. of Rehab. & Corr., 2018-Ohio-3128, ¶ 16 .

2024Keith v. Dept. of Rehab. & Corr., 153 Ohio St.3d 568 , 2018-Ohio-3128, ¶ 16 .

42019–2025
State v. Dunkins green
ohioctapp · 1983
2 sentences

1992A parole violation is a separate offense. ((# * * “Thus, the triple-count provision of R.C. 2945.71(E) is inapplicable to a defendant held in jail under a parole holder, even when there are additional criminal charges pending. * * * ” State v. Dunkins (1983), 10 Ohio App.3d 72, 74-75 , 10 OBR 82, 85, 460 N.E.2d 688, 692 .

1992A parole violation is a separate offense. ((# * * “Thus, the triple-count provision of R.C. 2945.71(E) is inapplicable to a defendant held in jail under a parole holder, even when there are additional criminal charges pending. * * * ” State v. Dunkins (1983), 10 Ohio App.3d 72, 74-75 , 10 OBR 82, 85, 460 N.E.2d 688, 692 .

41992–2000
Layne v. Ohio Adult Parole Authority green
ohio · 2002
2 sentences

2022Considering the words "eligible for parole" in former R.C. 2967.13(A), Keith observed that No. 20AP-303 10 in Layne, the court held that "inherent in the language is 'the expectation that a criminal offender will receive meaningful consideration.' " Id. [H]aving set up the system and defined at least some of the factors to be considered in the parole decision, the state has created a minimal due-process expectation that the factors considered at a parole hearing are to be as described in the statute or rule and are to actually and accurately pertain to the prisoner whose parole is being consid

2014Layne, 97 Ohio St.3d 456 , 2002-Ohio-6719 , 780 N.E.2d 548, ¶ 28 , citing State ex rel.

32004–2022
State v. Champion green
ohio · 2005
2 sentences

2015Stowers was finally released from prison on December 3, 1997, after serving 16 years and 346 days. {¶4} In 2005, the Ohio Supreme Court decided State v. Champion, 106 Ohio St.3d 120 , 2005-Ohio-4098 , 832 N.E.2d 718 , which held at the syllabus that A person whose prison term for a sexually oriented offense was completed before July 1, 1997, is not required to register under [former] R.C. 2950.04(A)(1)(a) or periodically verify a current address under [former] R.C. 2950.06(A), even if the person returns to prison on a parole violation for a term served concurrently with the sexually oriented o

2015Stowers was finally released from prison on December 3, 1997, after serving 16 years and 346 days. {¶4} In 2005, the Ohio Supreme Court decided State v. Champion, 106 Ohio St.3d 120 , 2005-Ohio-4098 , 832 N.E.2d 718 , which held at the syllabus that A person whose prison term for a sexually oriented offense was completed before July 1, 1997, is not required to register under [former] R.C. 2950.04(A)(1)(a) or periodically verify a current address under [former] R.C. 2950.06(A), even if the person returns to prison on a parole violation for a term served concurrently with the sexually oriented o

32008–2015
Layne v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth. green
ohio · 2002
2 sentences

2014Layne, 97 Ohio St.3d 456 , 2002-Ohio-6719 , 780 N.E.2d 548, ¶ 28 , citing State ex rel.

2008Inherent in this statutory language is the expectation that a criminal offender will receive meaningful consideration for parole." The Supreme Court of Ohio pointed out that "meaningful consideration for parole consists of more than a parole hearing in which an inmate's offense of conviction is disregarded and parole eligibility is judged largely, if not entirely, on an offense category score that does not correspond to the offense or offenses of conviction set forth in the plea agreement." Id.

32004–2014
Ankrom v. Hageman, Unpublished Decision (3-31-2005) green
ohioctapp · 2005
2 sentences

2007DECISION {¶ 1} Relator, James Weaver, commenced this original action requesting that this court issue a writ of mandamus ordering respondent, Ohio Adult Parole Authority ("OAPA"), to reconsider him for parole because, although respondent did recently provide relator with a new parole hearing as required by Ankrom v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth. , Franklin App. No. 04AP-984, 2005-Ohio-1546 , relator maintains that respondent has failed to give him the meaningful consideration required. *Page 2 {¶ 2} This court referred the matter to a magistrate of this court, pursuant to Civ.R. 53 and Loc.R. 12(M)

2007Ankrom, 2005-Ohio-1546 , 2005 WL 737833 . {¶ 3} In August 2006, appellant, inmate James Weaver, received a parole hearing pursuant to Ankrom.

32006–2007
State ex rel. Jackson v. McFaul green
ohio · 1995
2 sentences

2025“This occurs most notably ‘when the parole authorities fail to make a determination of the parole violation issue within a reasonable time.’” Id., quoting Beach v. McAninch, 111 Ohio App.3d 667, 672 (4th Dist. 1996); see also State v. Bell, 2016- Ohio-4630, ¶ 10 (“R.C.

2014Jackson v. McFaul, 73 Ohio St.3d 185,188 , 652 N.E.2d 746 (1995). {¶ 14} Consistent with these cases, Scarberry makes clear that the relief he seeks is a new parole hearing, not immediate release from incarceration.

22014–2025
State ex rel. Thompson v. Kelly green
ohio · 2013
2 sentences

2019Thompson v. Kelly, 137 Ohio St. 3d 32 , 2013-Ohio-2444, ¶ 8 , 997 N.E.2d 498 ; accord State ex rel.

2019Thompson v. Kelly, 137 Ohio St. 3d 32 , 2013-Ohio-2444, ¶ 8 , 997 N.E.2d 498 ; accord State ex rel.

22014–2019
In re N.P. neutral
ohioctapp · 2013
2 sentences

2013This court has previously held that “‘R.C. 5139.52(F) unambiguously states that if a trial court decides to return a juvenile to the custody of ODYS as a result of a parole violation, the court shall return him for no less than 30 days.’” (Emphasis sic.) In re N.P., supra, ¶11 , quoting In re A.N., 11th Dist.

2013Ashtabula No. 2012-A-0024, 2013-Ohio-1288 , appeal allowed, 136 Ohio St.3d 1449 , 2013-Ohio-3210 , 991 N.E.2d 256 , the Eleventh Appellate District held that, although R.C. 2152.17(F) is inapplicable to sentences for parole violations, because a juvenile court has discretion to craft an appropriate disposition for a child adjudicated delinquent, it has the inherent authority to run the child’s parole violation consecutive to another term of commitment.

22013–2013
Kellogg v. Shoemaker green
ca6 · 1995
2 sentences

2009Id.

2004Thus, there was no right to a hearing when "a subsequent parole violation conviction had been established and the law gave the parole agency no authority to consider further mitigating factors." Id., citing Sneed v. Donahue, 993 F.2d 1239 (6th Cir. 1993). {¶ 14} Yet the court also determined that to apply the holding in Kellogg to persons convicted of a first offense prior to September 1, 1992 2 would be a violation of the ex post facto clause.

22004–2009
In re C.S. green
ohio · 2007
2 sentences

2008Accordingly, Andrew “may not waive his right to counsel” unless he is “counseled by his parent, guardian, or custodian [or has] consulted with an attorney.” Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus.

2008Accordingly, Andrew “may not waive his right to counsel” unless he is “counseled by his parent, guardian, or custodian [or has] consulted with an attorney.” Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus.

22008–2008
State ex rel. McKee v. Cooper green
ohio · 1974
2 sentences

2005McKee v. Cooper (1974), 40 Ohio St.2d 65 , this court had granted a writ of prohibition where a prisoner had alleged that the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction was about to hold a parole hearing for the prisoner prior to the expiration of his statutory minimum sentence.

2004McKee v. Cooper (1974), 40 Ohio St.2d 65 , this court had granted a writ of prohibition where the prisoner had alleged that respondents were about to hold a parole hearing for the prisoner prior to the expiration of his statutory minimum sentence.

22004–2005
State v. MacDonald green
ohio · 1976
2 sentences

2005Id. {¶ 30} In the case at bar, appellant's speedy trial time on the charges at bar began to run on November 24, 2003, the date of the indictment.

1993Id. “‘Thus, the triple-count provision of R.C. 2945.71(E) is inapplicable to a defendant held in jail under a parole holder, even when there are additional criminal charges pending. * * *’ State v. Dunkins (1983), 10 Ohio App.3d 72, 74-75 , 10 OBR 82, 85, 460 N.E.2d 688, 692 .

21993–2005
State v. Conyers green
ohio · 1999
2 sentences

2004Although not explicitly stated, this is the same conclusion we reached in Conyers, 87 Ohio St.3d 246 , 719 N.E.2d 535 . {¶ 17} In Conyers, this court discussed the law in effect at the time of Conyers’s parole violation, not the law in effect at the time of his underlying crime, which he had committed prior to July 1, 1996.

2004Martin, Assistant Public Defender, for appellee. {¶ 26} Finally, the majority concludes that Thompson is “subject to the law regarding escape as it existed when he failed to report” and that “this is the same conclusion we reached in [State v.] Conyers [ (1999), 87 Ohio St.3d 246 , 719 N.E.2d 535 ].” Contrary to the majority’s assertion, however, our decision in Conyers did not determine that the date of the parole violation controls which version of R.C.

22002–2004
State ex rel. Holman v. Collins (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2020
1 sentence

2026Therefore, we reject McDonald’s first proposition of law. {¶ 16} In support of his second proposition of law, McDonald maintains that DRC violated the separation-of-powers doctrine when it allegedly “extend[ed] the time by which [he] would have his first [parole] hearing without the power to do so.” McDonald maintains that the remedy for DRC’s alleged unconstitutional action is for him “to be released from a life sentence.” However, even if McDonald’s initial parole hearing was held later than it should have been—i.e., upon the expiration of his minimum sentence—“his eligibility for parole con

12026–2026
TWISM Ents., L.L.C. v. State Bd. of Registration for Professional Engineers & Surveyors green
ohio · 2022
2 sentences

2024TWISM Ents., L.L.C. v. State Bd. of Registration for Professional Engineers & Surveyors, 172 Ohio St.3d 225 , 2022-Ohio-4677, ¶ 42-43 .

2024TWISM Ents., L.L.C. v. State Bd. of Registration for Professional Engineers & Surveyors, 172 Ohio St.3d 225 , 2022-Ohio-4677, ¶ 42-43 .

12024–2024
State ex rel. Dodson v. Held Phipps green
ohioctapp · 2023
2 sentences

2024(No. 2023-1418—Submitted July 23, 2024—Decided October 15, 2024.) APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Franklin County, No. 22AP-304, 2023-Ohio-3639 . __________________ The per curiam opinion below was joined by KENNEDY, C.J., and FISCHER, DEWINE, DONNELLY, STEWART, BRUNNER, and DETERS, JJ.

2024(No. 2023-1418—Submitted July 23, 2024—Decided October 15, 2024.) APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Franklin County, SUPREME COURT OF OHIO No. 22AP-304, 2023-Ohio-3639. __________________ The per curiam opinion below was joined by KENNEDY, C.J., and FISCHER, DEWINE, DONNELLY, STEWART, BRUNNER, and DETERS, JJ.

12024–2024
State v. Martello green
ohio · 2002
1 sentence

2024Id.

12024–2024
Calo v. Stuff green
ohio · 2024
2 sentences

2024[This opinion has been published in Ohio Official Reports at 177 Ohio St.3d 63 .] CALO, APPELLANT, v. STUFF, WARDEN,1 APPELLEE. [Cite as Calo v. Stuff, 2024-Ohio-5167 .] Habeas corpus—A convicted inmate may not rely on former parole guidelines that were no longer effective by the time of the inmate’s parole hearing, even if those guidelines would have provided for earlier consideration of parole— A document is not considered filed in an Ohio court until deposited with the clerk of court—Inmate can prove no set of facts that would entitle him to immediate release from prison—Court of appeals’ d

2024[This opinion has been published in Ohio Official Reports at 177 Ohio St.3d 63 .] CALO, APPELLANT, v. STUFF, WARDEN,1 APPELLEE. [Cite as Calo v. Stuff, 2024-Ohio-5167 .] Habeas corpus—A convicted inmate may not rely on former parole guidelines that were no longer effective by the time of the inmate’s parole hearing, even if those guidelines would have provided for earlier consideration of parole— A document is not considered filed in an Ohio court until deposited with the clerk of court—Inmate can prove no set of facts that would entitle him to immediate release from prison—Court of appeals’ d

12024–2024
Herbert E. Rose v. E. B. Haskins, Superintendent green
ca6 · 1968
12024–2024
Calo v. Black green
ohioctapp · 2024
2 sentences

2024(No. 2024-0366—Submitted September 3, 2024—Decided October 30, 2024.) APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Richland County, No. 2023 CA 0062, 2024-Ohio-329 . __________________ The per curiam opinion below was joined by FISCHER, DEWINE, DONNELLY, STEWART, BRUNNER, and DETERS, JJ.

2024(No. 2024-0366—Submitted September 3, 2024—Decided October 30, 2024.) APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Richland County, No. 2023 CA 0062, 2024-Ohio-329. 1.

12024–2024
Phelps v. Ohio Parole Bd. green
ohioctapp · 2023
12023–2023
State v. Ballard green
ohio · 1981
12023–2023
Pennsylvania v. Ritchie green
scotus · 1987
12023–2023
State ex rel. Fraley v. Ohio Dept. of Rehab. & Corr. (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2020
12022–2022
Hewitt v. Helms red
scotus · 1983
12022–2022
Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Nebraska Penal & Correctional Complex green
scotus · 1979
12022–2022
State v. Bradshaw green
ohioctapp · 2018
12021–2021
Troutman v. Ohio Drc, Unpublished Decision (2-1-2005) green
ohioctapp · 2005
12020–2020
Village of Willowbrook v. Olech green
scotus · 2000
12017–2017
Santobello v. New York green
scotus · 1971
12017–2017
Moody v. Daggett green
scotus · 1976
12017–2017
State ex rel. Doner v. Zody green
ohio · 2011
12017–2017
Roy Mussilinio Meadows v. Olin G. Blackwell, Warden, United States Penitentiary, Atlanta, Georgia green
ca5 · 1970
12016–2016
In re ZA.C. neutral
ohioctapp · 2014
12014–2014
Rheinhold v. Reichek green
ohioctapp · 2014
12014–2014
State v. White green
ohio · 1985
12013–2013
State ex rel. Henderson v. Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction green
ohio · 1998
12013–2013
State v. Bates green
ohio · 2008
12013–2013
State v. Thompkins green
ohio · 1997
12008–2008

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2967.13 (10) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2967.15 (8) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2967.03 (7) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2903.02 (6) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.41 (6) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2945.71 (6) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2903.01 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2967.01 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2967.02 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 5149.02 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 380 (1964–2026) PA 321 (1953–2026) NY 314 (1963–2025) TX 162 (1981–2026) OH 105 (1977–2026) IL 59 (1974–2025) NJ 54 (1962–2026) OR 50 (1974–2026) MI 49 (1957–2024) WA 33 (1969–2024) CO 32 (1975–2025) FL 30 (1969–2019) CT 30 (1989–2020) UT 28 (1983–2025) ID 26 (1971–2025) MA 26 (1969–2024) WI 26 (1974–2025) MO 26 (1974–2025) NV 24 (1974–2021) KS 24 (1978–2024) NM 23 (1972–2023) AL 22 (1965–2015) IN 22 (1978–2026) MD 22 (1975–2025) LA 20 (1976–2025) IA 19 (1968–2025) TN 19 (1989–2026) MS 18 (1990–2018) AZ 17 (1973–2021) AK 17 (1974–2026) SC 15 (1950–2023) GA 12 (1975–2026) WY 12 (1975–2018) KY 11 (1964–2026) MT 10 (1961–2021) AR 9 (1999–2022) DC 9 (1981–2025) WV 8 (1986–2021) HI 8 (1994–2008) OK 7 (1915–1999) VA 7 (1968–2015) VT 7 (1985–2025) NH 6 (2009–2021) NE 6 (1992–2023) SD 5 (1979–2024) ME 4 (1975–2010) MN 4 (1982–2007) DE 4 (1984–2022) RI 4 (1978–2018) NC 3 (2009–2017) ND 3 (1951–2025)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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