Already have an account? Sign in instead.
You stay signed in for 30 days on this browser.
Continue with Google Continue with MicrosoftNo account yet? Create a free one.
We sent a six-digit code.
It expires in ten minutes, works once, and only in this browser. Five wrong tries void it. Send another code.
Your account is live and the Cloudflare checks are off for this browser.
94 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1982–2026 12 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
United States v. Arvizured2 sentences2019As the united States Supreme Court noted in united States v. Arvizu, 534 u.s. 266, 274, 122 S. Ct. 744 , 151 L. Ed. 2d 740 (2002), when engaged in a totality of the circumstances analysis, considering “factors in isolation from each other does not take into account the ‘totality of the circumstances,’ as our cases have understood that phrase.” Indeed, we also recently clarified that “[a] totality of the circumstances analysis is a cumulative analysis, not a ‘divide-and-conquer’ analysis.” State v. Johnson, 8 Wn. App. 2d 728, 745, 440 P.3d 1032 (2019). 2019As the united States Supreme Court noted in united States v. Arvizu, 534 u.s. 266, 274, 122 S. Ct. 744 , 151 L. Ed. 2d 740 (2002), when engaged in a totality of the circumstances analysis, considering “factors in isolation from each other does not take into account the ‘totality of the circumstances,’ as our cases have understood that phrase.” Indeed, we also recently clarified that “[a] totality of the circumstances analysis is a cumulative analysis, not a ‘divide-and-conquer’ analysis.” State v. Johnson, 8 Wn. App. 2d 728, 745, 440 P.3d 1032 (2019). | 6 | 8 |
Illinois v. Gatesgreen2 sentences2014Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U. S. 108 , 84 S. Ct. 1509 , 12 L. Ed. 2d 723 ( 1964) and Spinelli v. United States, 393 U. S. 410 , 89 S. Ct. 584 , 21 L. Ed. 2d 637 ( 1983) were overruled by Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S. Ct. 2317 , 76 L. Ed. 527 ( 1983), in which a totality of the circumstances analysis was adopted for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. 2014Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U. S. 108 , 84 S. Ct. 1509 , 12 L. Ed. 2d 723 ( 1964) and Spinelli v. United States, 393 U. S. 410 , 89 S. Ct. 584 , 21 L. Ed. 2d 637 ( 1983) were overruled by Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S. Ct. 2317 , 76 L. Ed. 527 ( 1983), in which a totality of the circumstances analysis was adopted for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. | 4 | 17 |
State v. Ruemgreen2 sentences2016See Ruem, 179 Wn.2d at 207 ; Thang, 145 Wn.2d at 637 ; Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wn.2d at 981 . 2016See Ruem, 179 Wn.2d at 207 ; Thang, 145 Wn.2d at 637 ; Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wn.2d at 981 . | 3 | 4 |
United States v. Raynard Waltongreen2 sentences2014Pa. 1994)). 31 id at 113. 32 id 33 Appellant's Opening Brief (Amended) at 25-26 (citing United States v. Lall, 607 F.3d 1277, 1281-82 (11th Cir. 2010); Hopkins v. Cockrell, 325 F.3d 579, 584-85 (5th Cir. 2003); Henry v. Kernan, 197 F.3d 1021, 1027-28 (9th Cir. 1999); United States v. Baldwin, 60 F.3d 363 (7th Cir. 1995), United States v. Walton. 10 F.3d 1024, 1030-32 (3d Cir. 1993); United States v. Rogers, 906 F.2d 189, 191-92 (5th Cir. 1990); Samuel v. State. 898 So. 2d 233, 237 (Fla. Dist. 2008Broadaway, 133 Wn.2d at 132 ; see State v. Rupe, 101 Wn.2d 664, 678-79 , 683 P.2d 571 (1984); United States v. Walton, 10 F.3d 1024, 1029 (3d Cir. 1993) (“the real issue is not whether a promise was made, but whether there was a causal connection between [the promise] and [the defendant’s] statement”). ¶11 This causal connection is not merely “but for” causation; the court does “not ask whether the confession would have been made in the absence of the interrogation.” Miller v. Fenton, 796 F.2d 598, 604 (3d Cir. 1986); see Fulminante, 499 U.S. at 285 . | 3 | 3 |
State v. Leegreen2 sentences2026State v. Lee, 147 Wn. 2015Lee, 147 Wn. | 2 | 5 |
State v. Marcumgreen2 sentences2019See United States v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266, 274 , -15- 122 S. Ct. 744 , 151 L. Ed. 2d 740 (2002); State v. Marcum, 149 Wn. App. 894, 907 , 205 P.3d 969 (2009). 2019See United States v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266, 274 , -15- 122 S. Ct. 744 , 151 L. Ed. 2d 740 (2002); State v. Marcum, 149 Wn. App. 894, 907 , 205 P.3d 969 (2009). | 2 | 5 |
State v. Rupegreen2 sentences2018Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 , 285, 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991) ; State v. Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d 118 , 132, 942 P.2d 363 (1997). ¶ 61 Other circumstances that are potentially relevant in the totality of the circumstances analysis include the "crucial element of police coercion"; the length of the interrogation; its location; its continuity; the defendant's maturity, education, physical condition, and mental health; and whether the police advised the defendant of the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during custodial interrogation. *795 Withrow v. Williams, 2018Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 , 285, 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991) ; State v. Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d 118 , 132, 942 P.2d 363 (1997). ¶ 61 Other circumstances that are potentially relevant in the totality of the circumstances analysis include the "crucial element of police coercion"; the length of the interrogation; its location; its continuity; the defendant's maturity, education, physical condition, and mental health; and whether the police advised the defendant of the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during custodial interrogation. *795 Withrow v. Williams, | 2 | 4 |
State v. Kennedygreen2 sentences2014No. 43289 -7 -II Subsequently, our Supreme Court in Kennedy, stated the indicia of reliability test without including the additional basis of knowledge requirement stated in Sieler. 107 Wn.2d at 7 . 2009See Lee, 147 Wash.App. at 919 , 199 P.3d 445 ; see also Gates, 462 U.S. at 233-34 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 (relying on Adams as the basis for the totality of circumstances test); Kennedy, 107 Wash.2d at 8 , 726 P.2d 445 ("[t]he case at bench falls squarely within the Adams" analysis); Randall, 73 Wash.App. at 228-29 , 868 P.2d 207 (decided after Hart ). | 2 | 4 |
Arizona v. Fulminantegreen2 sentences2018Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 , 285, 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991) ; State v. Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d 118 , 132, 942 P.2d 363 (1997). ¶ 61 Other circumstances that are potentially relevant in the totality of the circumstances analysis include the "crucial element of police coercion"; the length of the interrogation; its location; its continuity; the defendant's maturity, education, physical condition, and mental health; and whether the police advised the defendant of the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during custodial interrogation. *795 Withrow v. Williams, 2018Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 , 285, 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991) ; State v. Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d 118 , 132, 942 P.2d 363 (1997). ¶ 61 Other circumstances that are potentially relevant in the totality of the circumstances analysis include the "crucial element of police coercion"; the length of the interrogation; its location; its continuity; the defendant's maturity, education, physical condition, and mental health; and whether the police advised the defendant of the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during custodial interrogation. *795 Withrow v. Williams, | 2 | 3 |
State v. Lyonsgreen2 sentences2019See, ~ State v. Partin, 88 Wn.2d 899, 906 , 567 P.2d 1136 (1977) (“we will look to the totality of the situation to determine . . . dominion and control”),1° overruled on other grounds by State v. Lyons, 174 Wn.2d 354 , 275 P.3d 314 (2012). 2019See, ~ State v. Partin, 88 Wn.2d 899, 906 , 567 P.2d 1136 (1977) (“we will look to the totality of the situation to determine . . . dominion and control”),1° overruled on other grounds by State v. Lyons, 174 Wn.2d 354 , 275 P.3d 314 (2012). | 2 | 2 |
| State v. Partinred | 2 | 2 |
| United States v. Michael Edward Lebrungreen | 2 | 2 |
| United States v. Randall Dewey Brave Heart, Jr., Also Known as Dewey Randall Brave Heartgreen | 2 | 2 |
| Frank M. Miller, Jr. v. Peter J. Fenton, Superintendent, Rahway State Prison, Irwin I. Kimmelman, Attorney General, State of New Jerseygreen | 2 | 2 |
| United States v. Dowellgreen | 2 | 2 |
State v. Ungagreen2 sentences2025The only relevant case he offers is State v. Unga, which discusses factors potentially relevant in a totality of the circumstances analysis, such as the defendant’s physical condition. 165 Wn.2d 95, 101 , 196 P.3d 645 (2008). 2025The only relevant case he offers is State v. Unga, which discusses factors potentially relevant in a totality of the circumstances analysis, such as the defendant’s physical condition. 165 Wn.2d 95, 101 , 196 P.3d 645 (2008). | 1 | 15 |
State v. Jacksongreen2 sentences2015App. at 904 (“Unlike the analysis in an Aguilar/Spinelli[ 2 ] inquiry, the so-called ‘veracity’ and ‘basis of knowledge’ ‘prongs’ are not distinct under the totality of the circumstances test; rather, these elements are relevant but are ‘no longer both essential.’ ” (quoting State v. Jackson, 102 Wn.2d 432, 435-36 , 688 P.2d 136 (1984))). 2015App. at 904 (“Unlike the analysis in an Aguilar/Spinelli[ 2 ] inquiry, the so-called ‘veracity’ and ‘basis of knowledge’ ‘prongs’ are not distinct under the totality of the circumstances test; rather, these elements are relevant but are ‘no longer both essential.’ ” (quoting State v. Jackson, 102 Wn.2d 432, 435-36 , 688 P.2d 136 (1984))). | 1 | 10 |
State v. Sielergreen2 sentences2018Under a totality of the circumstances analysis, an informant's tip supports reasonable suspicion sufficient to justify an investigatory detention if it, in the context of all the available facts, "possesses sufficient indicia of reliability." State v. Sieler, 95 Wn.2d 43,47 , 621 P.2d 1272 (1980)(quoting Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143, 147 , 92S. 2018Under a totality of the circumstances analysis, an informant's tip supports reasonable suspicion sufficient to justify an investigatory detention if it, in the context of all the available facts, "possesses sufficient indicia of reliability." State v. Sieler, 95 Wn.2d 43,47 , 621 P.2d 1272 (1980)(quoting Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143, 147 , 92S. | 1 | 9 |
Aguilar v. Texasred2 sentences2014Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U. S. 108 , 84 S. Ct. 1509 , 12 L. Ed. 2d 723 ( 1964) and Spinelli v. United States, 393 U. S. 410 , 89 S. Ct. 584 , 21 L. Ed. 2d 637 ( 1983) were overruled by Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S. Ct. 2317 , 76 L. Ed. 527 ( 1983), in which a totality of the circumstances analysis was adopted for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. 2014Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U. S. 108 , 84 S. Ct. 1509 , 12 L. Ed. 2d 723 ( 1964) and Spinelli v. United States, 393 U. S. 410 , 89 S. Ct. 584 , 21 L. Ed. 2d 637 ( 1983) were overruled by Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S. Ct. 2317 , 76 L. Ed. 527 ( 1983), in which a totality of the circumstances analysis was adopted for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. | 1 | 8 |
Spinelli v. United Statesred2 sentences2014Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U. S. 108 , 84 S. Ct. 1509 , 12 L. Ed. 2d 723 ( 1964) and Spinelli v. United States, 393 U. S. 410 , 89 S. Ct. 584 , 21 L. Ed. 2d 637 ( 1983) were overruled by Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S. Ct. 2317 , 76 L. Ed. 527 ( 1983), in which a totality of the circumstances analysis was adopted for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. 2014Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U. S. 108 , 84 S. Ct. 1509 , 12 L. Ed. 2d 723 ( 1964) and Spinelli v. United States, 393 U. S. 410 , 89 S. Ct. 584 , 21 L. Ed. 2d 637 ( 1983) were overruled by Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S. Ct. 2317 , 76 L. Ed. 527 ( 1983), in which a totality of the circumstances analysis was adopted for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. | 1 | 4 |
Adams v. Williamsgreen2 sentences2018Under a totality of the circumstances analysis, an informant's tip supports reasonable suspicion sufficient to justify an investigatory detention if it, in the context of all the available facts, "possesses sufficient indicia of reliability." State v. Sieler, 95 Wn.2d 43,47 , 621 P.2d 1272 (1980)(quoting Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143, 147 , 92S. 2009Under the totality of the circumstances test, an informant’s tip provides reasonable suspicion sufficient to justify an investigatory stop if “it possesses sufficient ‘indicia of reli ability.’ ” State v. Sieler, 95 Wn.2d 43, 47 , 621 P.2d 1272 (1980) (quoting Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143, 147 , 92 S. Ct. 1921 , 32 L. | 1 | 3 |
Schneckloth v. Bustamontegreen2 sentences2016Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 227 , 93 S. Ct. 2041 , 36 L. 2016Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 227 , 93 S. Ct. 2041 , 36 L. | 1 | 3 |
United States v. Stephen J. Flemmigreen2 sentences2008Id. at 92 ; Fulminante, 499 U.S. at 285 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ; Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d at 132 , 942 P.2d 363 ; LeBrun, 363 F.3d at 725 ; Dowell, 430 F.3d at 1108 . ¶ 19 The court's analysis in Flemmi follows United States Supreme Court precedent: a totality-of-the-circumstances analysis must be applied, under which the promise is one of the circumstances in determining whether a defendant's will has been overborne. ¶ 20 The concurrence is thus incorrect when it gives conclusive weight to the fact that a promise was made. 2008Id. at 92 ; Fulminante, 499 U.S. at 285 ; Broadaway, 133 Wn.2d at 132 ; LeBrun, 363 F.3d at 725 ; Dowell, 430 F.3d at 1108 . ¶19 The court’s analysis in Flemmi follows United States Supreme Court precedent: a totality-of-the-circumstances analysis must be applied, under which the promise is one of the circumstances in determining whether a defendant’s will has been overborne. ¶20 The concurrence is thus incorrect when it gives conclusive weight to the fact that a promise was made. | 1 | 3 |
| United States v. Charles Baldwingreen | 1 | 2 |
| United States v. Cortezgreen | 1 | 2 |
| United States v. Michael D. Foxallgreen | 1 | 2 |
| State v. Howertongreen | 1 | 1 |
| McKown v. Simon Property Group, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Beltran-Serrano v. City of Tacomagreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Harringtongreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Livelygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Hopkins v. Cockrellgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Bobby Henry v. Peggy Kernan, Warden Daniel E. Lungren, Attorney Generalgreen | 1 | 1 |
| United States v. Conleygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Samuel v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| United States v. Hermon D. Rogersgreen | 1 | 1 |
| United States v. Lallgreen | 1 | 1 |
| American Pioneer Life Insurance v. Williamsongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Withrow v. Williams
green
2 sentences2018Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 , 285, 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991) ; State v. Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d 118 , 132, 942 P.2d 363 (1997). ¶ 61 Other circumstances that are potentially relevant in the totality of the circumstances analysis include the "crucial element of police coercion"; the length of the interrogation; its location; its continuity; the defendant's maturity, education, physical condition, and mental health; and whether the police advised the defendant of the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during custodial interrogation. *795 Withrow v. Williams, 2018Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 , 285, 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991) ; State v. Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d 118 , 132, 942 P.2d 363 (1997). ¶ 61 Other circumstances that are potentially relevant in the totality of the circumstances analysis include the "crucial element of police coercion"; the length of the interrogation; its location; its continuity; the defendant's maturity, education, physical condition, and mental health; and whether the police advised the defendant of the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during custodial interrogation. *795 Withrow v. Williams, | 7 | 2008–2020 |
State v. Bustamante-Davila
green
2 sentences2016See Ruem, 179 Wn.2d at 207 ; Thang, 145 Wn.2d at 637 ; Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wn.2d at 981 . 2016See Ruem, 179 Wn.2d at 207 ; Thang, 145 Wn.2d at 637 ; Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wn.2d at 981 . | 5 | 2001–2016 |
State v. Thang
green
2 sentences2016See Ruem, 179 Wn.2d at 207 ; Thang, 145 Wn.2d at 637 ; Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wn.2d at 981 . 2016See Ruem, 179 Wn.2d at 207 ; Thang, 145 Wn.2d at 637 ; Bustamante-Davila, 138 Wn.2d at 981 . | 5 | 2013–2016 |
Fare v. Michael C.
green
2 sentences2025First, in Michael C., the U.S. Supreme Court held that the totality of the circumstances test applies equally to juveniles and adults in this context. 442 U.S. at 727-28 . 2014We disagree under the totality of the circumstances in this case. "'[T]he determination whether statements obtained during custodial interrogation are admissible against the accused is to be made upon an inquiry into the totality of the circumstances surrounding the interrogation, to ascertain whether the accused in fact knowingly and voluntarily decided to forgo his rights to remain silent and to have the assistance of counsel.'"1 "[B]oth the conduct of law enforcement officers in exerting pressure on the defendant to confess and the defendant's ability to resist the pressure are important."2 | 4 | 2008–2025 |
State v. Glover
green
2 sentences2019Glover, 116 Wn.2d at 514 . 2013Ed. 2d 621 (1981)); Terry. 392 U.S. at 23 ; Glover, 116 Wn.2d at 514 . | 4 | 2009–2019 |
State v. Lesnick
green
2 sentences2009Under the totality of the circumstances test, a reviewing court determines whether an informant’s tip possesses the required “indicia of reliability” by inquiring whether there exist “ ‘[1] . . . circumstances suggesting the informant’s reliability, or some corroborative observation which suggests either [2] the presence of criminal activity or [3] that the informer’s information was obtained in a reliable fashion.’ ” Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 47 (some alterations in original) (quoting State v. Lesnick, 84 Wn.2d 940, 944 , 530 P.2d 243 (1975)). 2009Under the totality of the circumstances test, a reviewing court determines whether an informant’s tip possesses the required “indicia of reliability” by inquiring whether there exist “ ‘[1] . . . circumstances suggesting the informant’s reliability, or some corroborative observation which suggests either [2] the presence of criminal activity or [3] that the informer’s information was obtained in a reliable fashion.’ ” Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 47 (some alterations in original) (quoting State v. Lesnick, 84 Wn.2d 940, 944 , 530 P.2d 243 (1975)). | 4 | 2008–2009 |
United States v. Thomas Cameron Kincade
green
2 sentences2007Kincade, 379 F.3d at 832 . 2007Kincade, 379 F.3d at 832 . | 4 | 2004–2007 |
State v. Z.U.E.
green
2 sentences2016It applied a totality of the circumstances test and similarly 34 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 45-46 . 35 Sieler. 95 Wn.2d at 48 . 36 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 48 . 37 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 48 . 38 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 49 . 39 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 49 . 40 183 Wn.2d 610 , 352 P.3d 796 (2015). -13- NO. 73012-6-1/14 found that when informants only gave their names, where the State could point to no observations supporting reasonable suspicion of a crime, and where officers did not contact witnesses who had called 911 and were only able to verify that a female matching the description given by an informant was locate 2016It applied a totality of the circumstances test and similarly 34 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 45-46 . 35 Sieler. 95 Wn.2d at 48 . 36 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 48 . 37 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 48 . 38 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 49 . 39 Sieler, 95 Wn.2d at 49 . 40 183 Wn.2d 610 , 352 P.3d 796 (2015). -13- NO. 73012-6-1/14 found that when informants only gave their names, where the State could point to no observations supporting reasonable suspicion of a crime, and where officers did not contact witnesses who had called 911 and were only able to verify that a female matching the description given by an informant was locate | 3 | 2016–2023 |
State Of Washington v. Louis Earl Johnson, Jr.
green
2 sentences2020“Factors courts will look to in a totality of the circumstances analysis include, among others, the detaining officer’s experience and training, the location of the investigatory detention, and the suspect’s conduct.” State v. Johnson, 8 Wn. App. 2d 728, 747, 440 P.3d 1032 (2019). “[T]he question is whether the specific facts that led to the stop would lead an objective person to form a reasonable suspicion that [the individual] was engaged in criminal activity.” State v. Weyand, 188 Wn.2d 804 , 812, 399 P.3d 530 (2017). 2019As the united States Supreme Court noted in united States v. Arvizu, 534 u.s. 266, 274, 122 S. Ct. 744 , 151 L. Ed. 2d 740 (2002), when engaged in a totality of the circumstances analysis, considering “factors in isolation from each other does not take into account the ‘totality of the circumstances,’ as our cases have understood that phrase.” Indeed, we also recently clarified that “[a] totality of the circumstances analysis is a cumulative analysis, not a ‘divide-and-conquer’ analysis.” State v. Johnson, 8 Wn. App. 2d 728, 745, 440 P.3d 1032 (2019). | 3 | 2019–2021 |
State v. Broadaway
green
2 sentences2018Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 , 285, 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991) ; State v. Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d 118 , 132, 942 P.2d 363 (1997). ¶ 61 Other circumstances that are potentially relevant in the totality of the circumstances analysis include the "crucial element of police coercion"; the length of the interrogation; its location; its continuity; the defendant's maturity, education, physical condition, and mental health; and whether the police advised the defendant of the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during custodial interrogation. *795 Withrow v. Williams, 2018Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 , 285, 111 S.Ct. 1246 , 113 L.Ed.2d 302 (1991) ; State v. Broadaway, 133 Wash.2d 118 , 132, 942 P.2d 363 (1997). ¶ 61 Other circumstances that are potentially relevant in the totality of the circumstances analysis include the "crucial element of police coercion"; the length of the interrogation; its location; its continuity; the defendant's maturity, education, physical condition, and mental health; and whether the police advised the defendant of the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during custodial interrogation. *795 Withrow v. Williams, | 3 | 2008–2018 |
Terry v. Ohio
green
2 sentences2014IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON ,—.3 STATE OF WASHINGTON, j No. 70713-2-1 o Respondent, ) DIVISION ONE V. u: CLYDE JOHNSON, | UNPUBLISHED O Appellant. ] FILED: December 22. 2014 Cox, J. — "Whether the Fourth Amendment or article I, section 7 of the Washington Constitution is in issue, a detaining officer must have 'a reasonable, articulable suspicion, based on specific objective facts, that the person seized has committed or is about to commit a crime.'"1 Courts analyze whether an officer had a reasonable suspicion for a Terry stop under a totality of the circumstances test. 2014IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON ,—.3 STATE OF WASHINGTON, j No. 70713-2-1 o Respondent, ) DIVISION ONE V. u: CLYDE JOHNSON, | UNPUBLISHED O Appellant. ] FILED: December 22. 2014 Cox, J. — "Whether the Fourth Amendment or article I, section 7 of the Washington Constitution is in issue, a detaining officer must have 'a reasonable, articulable suspicion, based on specific objective facts, that the person seized has committed or is about to commit a crime.'"1 Courts analyze whether an officer had a reasonable suspicion for a Terry stop under a totality of the circumstances test. | 3 | 2009–2014 |
State v. Weyand
green
2 sentences2020“Factors courts will look to in a totality of the circumstances analysis include, among others, the detaining officer’s experience and training, the location of the investigatory detention, and the suspect’s conduct.” State v. Johnson, 8 Wn. App. 2d 728, 747, 440 P.3d 1032 (2019). “[T]he question is whether the specific facts that led to the stop would lead an objective person to form a reasonable suspicion that [the individual] was engaged in criminal activity.” State v. Weyand, 188 Wn.2d 804 , 812, 399 P.3d 530 (2017). 2020“Factors courts will look to in a totality of the circumstances analysis include, among others, the detaining officer’s experience and training, the location of the investigatory detention, and the suspect’s conduct.” State v. Johnson, 8 Wn. App. 2d 728, 747, 440 P.3d 1032 (2019). “[T]he question is whether the specific facts that led to the stop would lead an objective person to form a reasonable suspicion that [the individual] was engaged in criminal activity.” State v. Weyand, 188 Wn.2d 804 , 812, 399 P.3d 530 (2017). | 2 | 2020–2021 |
| State v. Z.U.E. green | 2 | 2015–2015 |
| State v. Thomson green | 2 | 2014–2014 |
| State v. Randall green | 2 | 2008–2009 |
| State v. Hart green | 2 | 2009–2009 |
| Lynumn v. Illinois green | 2 | 2008–2008 |
| In Re the Personal Restraint of Keene green | 2 | 2005–2005 |
| State v. Ross green | 2 | 2005–2005 |
| State v. Alvarado green | 2 | 2003–2003 |
| State v. Lorenz green | 1 | 2026–2026 |
| Stansbury v. California green | 1 | 2025–2025 |
| State v. Villanueva-Gonzalez green | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| State v. Braun green | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| State v. Thompson green | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| Florida v. Bostick green | 1 | 2017–2017 |
| Missouri v. McNeely green | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| State v. Terrovona green | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| In Re the Detention of LaBelle green | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| MacDonald v. PKT, INC. green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Glasgow v. Georgia-Pacific Corp. green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| State v. Prado green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| State v. Stroud red | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| State v. Day green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| State v. Williams green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| State v. Cardenas-Muratalla green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| State v. Woods red | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| State v. Duncan green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| State v. Gatewood green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| State v. Acrey green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.