restrictive rule (Iowa) · Go Syfert
← Iowa issues

restrictive rule in Iowa

11 Iowa opinions name it 2 courts 1911–2021 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Iowa courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (10)

CaseFollowedCited
In RE the Detention of Anthony Geltz Anthony Geltzgreen
iowa · 2013 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021“No court, under the guise of judicial construction, may add words of qualification to the statute in question or change its terms.” Kelly v. Brewer, 239 N.W.2d 109, 114 (Iowa 1976); see also In re Det. of Geltz, 840 N.W.2d 273, 277 (Iowa 2013) 34 (“[W]e are bound to follow the legislature’s definitions and may not add words or change terms under the guise of judicial construction.” (alteration in original) (quoting Iowa Dep’t of Transp. v. Soward, 650 N.W.2d 569, 571 (Iowa 2002))).

2021“No court, under the guise of judicial construction, may add words of qualification to the statute in question or change its terms.” Kelly v. Brewer, 239 N.W.2d 109, 114 (Iowa 1976); see also In re Det. of Geltz, 840 N.W.2d 273, 277 (Iowa 2013) 34 (“[W]e are bound to follow the legislature’s definitions and may not add words or change terms under the guise of judicial construction.” (alteration in original) (quoting Iowa Dep’t of Transp. v. Soward, 650 N.W.2d 569, 571 (Iowa 2002))).

22
Iowa Department of Transportation v. Sowardgreen
iowa · 2002 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021“No court, under the guise of judicial construction, may add words of qualification to the statute in question or change its terms.” Kelly v. Brewer, 239 N.W.2d 109, 114 (Iowa 1976); see also In re Det. of Geltz, 840 N.W.2d 273, 277 (Iowa 2013) 34 (“[W]e are bound to follow the legislature’s definitions and may not add words or change terms under the guise of judicial construction.” (alteration in original) (quoting Iowa Dep’t of Transp. v. Soward, 650 N.W.2d 569, 571 (Iowa 2002))).

2021“No court, under the guise of judicial construction, may add words of qualification to the statute in question or change its terms.” Kelly v. Brewer, 239 N.W.2d 109, 114 (Iowa 1976); see also In re Det. of Geltz, 840 N.W.2d 273, 277 (Iowa 2013) 34 (“[W]e are bound to follow the legislature’s definitions and may not add words or change terms under the guise of judicial construction.” (alteration in original) (quoting Iowa Dep’t of Transp. v. Soward, 650 N.W.2d 569, 571 (Iowa 2002))).

22
Kelly v. Brewergreen
iowa · 1976 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021“No court, under the guise of judicial construction, may add words of qualification to the statute in question or change its terms.” Kelly v. Brewer, 239 N.W.2d 109, 114 (Iowa 1976); see also In re Det. of Geltz, 840 N.W.2d 273, 277 (Iowa 2013) 34 (“[W]e are bound to follow the legislature’s definitions and may not add words or change terms under the guise of judicial construction.” (alteration in original) (quoting Iowa Dep’t of Transp. v. Soward, 650 N.W.2d 569, 571 (Iowa 2002))).

2021“No court, under the guise of judicial construction, may add words of qualification to the statute in question or change its terms.” Kelly v. Brewer, 239 N.W.2d 109, 114 (Iowa 1976); see also In re Det. of Geltz, 840 N.W.2d 273, 277 (Iowa 2013) 34 (“[W]e are bound to follow the legislature’s definitions and may not add words or change terms under the guise of judicial construction.” (alteration in original) (quoting Iowa Dep’t of Transp. v. Soward, 650 N.W.2d 569, 571 (Iowa 2002))).

22
Jean G. Mattern v. Eastman Kodak Company and Eastman Chemical Company, D/B/A Texas Eastman Companygreen
ca5 · 1997 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Finally, the Ray court noted the Fifth and Eighth Circuits had adopted the most restrictive test, namely, the “ultimate employment action” test which 148 required actions such as hiring, firing, promoting, and demoting to support a retaliation claim. 217 F.3d at 1242; see Mattern v. Eastman Kodak Co., 104 F.3d 702, 707 (5th Cir. 1997); Ledergerber, 122 F.3d at 1144 .

2017Finally, the Ray court noted the Fifth and Eighth Circuits had adopted the most restrictive test, namely, the “ultimate employment action” test which 148 required actions such as hiring, firing, promoting, and demoting to support a retaliation claim. 217 F.3d at 1242; see Mattern v. Eastman Kodak Co., 104 F.3d 702, 707 (5th Cir. 1997); Ledergerber, 122 F.3d at 1144 .

22
J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastrogreen
scotus · 2011 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015McIntyre Mach., 564 U.S. at ___ , 131 S. Ct. at 2788 , 180 L.

2015McIntyre Mach., 564 U.S. at ___ , 131 S. Ct. at 2788 , 180 L.

11
Odom v. Graygreen
tenn · 1974 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11
Don Chuy, in No. 77-1412 v. The Philadelphia Eagles Football Club (Sued as \The Philadelphia Eagles\")green
· 1979 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
1 sentence

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

11
Pendowski v. Patent Scaffolding Co.green
illappct · 1980 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

11
Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railwaygreen
me · 1869 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11
Gerlach Et Ux. v. Pgh. Railways Co.green
pasuperct · 1928 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
1 sentence

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Iowa. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (47)

CaseCitedYears
Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White green
scotus · 2006
2 sentences

2017In 2006, the Supreme Court entered the fray in Burlington Northern, 548 U.S. at 53 , 126 S. Ct. at 2405 .

2017In 2006, the Supreme Court entered the fray in Burlington Northern, 548 U.S. at 53 , 126 S. Ct. at 2405 .

22017–2017
Diane LEDERGERBER, Appellant, v. Gary STANGLER; Carmen Schultze, Appellees green
ca8 · 1997
2 sentences

2017Finally, the Ray court noted the Fifth and Eighth Circuits had adopted the most restrictive test, namely, the “ultimate employment action” test which 148 required actions such as hiring, firing, promoting, and demoting to support a retaliation claim. 217 F.3d at 1242; see Mattern v. Eastman Kodak Co., 104 F.3d 702, 707 (5th Cir. 1997); Ledergerber, 122 F.3d at 1144 .

2017Finally, the Ray court noted the Fifth and Eighth Circuits had adopted the most restrictive test, namely, the “ultimate employment action” test which 148 required actions such as hiring, firing, promoting, and demoting to support a retaliation claim. 217 F.3d at 1242; see Mattern v. Eastman Kodak Co., 104 F.3d 702, 707 (5th Cir. 1997); Ledergerber, 122 F.3d at 1144 .

22017–2017
Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp green
scotus · 1970
2 sentences

2008Id.

2008Id.

22008–2008
Everett v. Brewer green
iowa · 1974
1 sentence

2018As such, as the supreme 9 court has done, “we decline to adopt a more restrictive standard than that of the clause’s federal counterpart.” Id.

12018–2018
William J. Ray v. William J. Henderson, Postmaster General green
ca9 · 2000
1 sentence

2017Finally, the Ray court noted the Fifth and Eighth Circuits had adopted the most restrictive test, namely, the “ultimate employment action” test which required actions such as hiring, firing, promoting, and demoting to support a retaliation claim. 217 F.3d at 1242 ; see Mattern v. Eastman Kodak Co., 104 F.3d 702, 707 (5th Cir. 1997); Ledergerber, 122 F.3d at 1144 .

12017–2017
Openshaw v. Oregon Automobile Insurance Co. green
idaho · 1971
11983–1983
Stroud v. Denny's Restaurant, Inc. green
or · 1975
11983–1983
Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin green
gactapp · 1945
11983–1983
Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc. green
dc · 1980
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal.Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whitt

11983–1983
Winkler v. Hartford Acc. and Ind. Co. green
njsuperctappdiv · 1961
11983–1983
Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce neutral
kan · 1887
1 sentence

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

11983–1983
Ford v. Charles Warner Co. neutral
delsuperct · 1893
11983–1983
Jenkins v. Whittaker Corp. green
hid · 1982
11983–1983
Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia green
conn · 1899
11983–1983
Western Coach Corporation v. Vaughn green
arizctapp · 1969
11983–1983
Lucas v. Michigan Central Railroad green
mich · 1893
11983–1983
Samedan Oil Corp. v. Neeld green
nm · 1978
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

11983–1983
Garcia v. Samson's, Inc. green
wis · 1960
11983–1983
Sandifer Oil Co., Inc. v. DEW green
miss · 1954
2 sentences

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

11983–1983
Summa Corp. v. Greenspun green
nev · 1980
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

11983–1983
Rickman v. Safeway Stores, Inc. green
mont · 1951
11983–1983
Campen v. Stone green
wyo · 1981
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal.Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whitt

11983–1983
Fisher v. Carrousel Motor Hotel, Inc. green
tex · 1967
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal.Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whitt

11983–1983
Rinker v. Ford Motor Co. green
moctapp · 1978
1 sentence

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

11983–1983
Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company, a Corporation v. Sherman Lethcoe green
ca4 · 1960
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal.Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whitt

11983–1983
Clary Insurance Agency v. Doyle green
alaska · 1980
11983–1983
Sidney Roginsky v. Richardson-Merrell, Inc. green
ca2 · 1967
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal.Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whitt

11983–1983
Embrey v. Holly green
md · 1982
11983–1983
Mercury Motors Exp., Inc. v. Smith green
fla · 1981
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal.Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whitt

11983–1983
Agarwal v. Johnson green
cal · 1979
11983–1983
HOLLAND FURANCE COMPANY v. Robson green
colo · 1965
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

11983–1983
Clemmons v. Life Insurance Company of Georgia green
nc · 1968
2 sentences

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

11983–1983
Gray v. Allison Division, General Motors Corp. green
ohioctapp · 1977
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

11983–1983
Conti v. Walter Winters, Inc. green
ri · 1957
11983–1983
Shortle v. Central Vermont Public Service Corp. green
vt · 1979
11983–1983
Mahanna v. Westland Oil Company green
nd · 1960
2 sentences

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal. Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whit

1983The states which follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule are: Agarwal v. Johnson, 25 Cal.3d 932 , 160 Cal.Rptr. 141 , 603 P.2d 58 (1979) (recognized § 909 as law of the state); Holland Furnace Co. v. Robson, 157 Colo. 347 , 402 P.2d 628 (1965) (citing Restatement (Second) of Agency § 217C); Maisenbacker v. Society Concordia, 71 Conn. 369 , 42 A. 67 (1899); Remeikis v. Boss & Phelps, Inc., 419 A.2d 986 (D.C.1980) (complicity rule); Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) (abandoned course of employment rule in facts similar to our case); Jenkins v. Whitt

11983–1983
Jordan v. Melville Shoe Corp. green
va · 1928
11983–1983
Standard Oil Co. of Kentucky v. Gunn green
ala · 1937
2 sentences

1983Of the fifty states and the District of Columbia, twenty-two states follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule; twenty states follow the course of employment rule; four states do not allow punitive damages; four states have not addressed the issue; and the rule in Iowa is in question. *864 The twenty states which follow the course of employment rule are: Standard Oil Co. of Kentucky v. Gunn, 234 Ala. 598 , 176 So. 332 (1937) (oil company's agent sold adulterated oil); Western Coach Corp. v. Vaughn, 9 Ariz.App. 336 , 452 P.2d 117 (1969) (scope of employment); Miller v. Blanton, 21

1983Of the fifty states and the District of Columbia, twenty-two states follow either the Restatement or a more restrictive rule; twenty states follow the course of employment rule; four states do not allow punitive damages; four states have not addressed the issue; and the rule in Iowa is in question. *864 The twenty states which follow the course of employment rule are: Standard Oil Co. of Kentucky v. Gunn, 234 Ala. 598 , 176 So. 332 (1937) (oil company's agent sold adulterated oil); Western Coach Corp. v. Vaughn, 9 Ariz.App. 336 , 452 P.2d 117 (1969) (scope of employment); Miller v. Blanton, 21

11983–1983
Miller v. Blanton green
ark · 1948
11983–1983
Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor green
ind · 1977
2 sentences

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

1983(Marv.) 88 , 37 A. 39 (1893) (one commentator says no authority on point); Atlantic Greyhound Corp. v. Austin, 72 Ga.App. 289 , 33 S.E.2d 718 (1945) (common carrier); Hibschman Pontiac, Inc. v. Batchelor, 266 Ind. 310 , 362 N.E.2d 845 (1977) (all acts of corporate agent attributable to corporation); Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co. v. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350 , 13 P. 609 (1887); (more recent decisions cloud the issue); Memphis & Cincinnati Packet Co. v. Nagel, 97 Ky. 9 , 29 S.W. 743 (1895) (common carrier); Goddard v. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, 57 Me. 202, 223-24 (1869) (common carrier); Embre

11983–1983

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IA § Iowa Code § 216.6 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CT 84 (1927–2024) TX 76 (1841–2025) CA 51 (1917–2025) FL 47 (1943–2024) PA 42 (1904–2020) NY 38 (1840–2022) NJ 33 (1879–2011) OR 29 (1914–2025) LA 25 (1975–2023) MD 25 (1971–2021) IL 19 (1942–2023) MI 19 (1915–2026) MO 18 (1887–2018) AZ 16 (1960–2011) UT 14 (1989–2025) WA 14 (1910–2017) OH 13 (1973–2019) GA 12 (1976–2024) NC 12 (1897–2011) MA 12 (1926–2022) WI 11 (1936–2016) CO 11 (1893–2021) IA 11 (1911–2021) ID 10 (1944–2014) AL 10 (1915–2007) TN 10 (1958–2015) ME 8 (1978–2021) WV 8 (1984–2022) KS 7 (1874–2007) IN 7 (1855–2020) DC 6 (1956–2024) SD 6 (1983–2005) DE 6 (1975–1996) OK 6 (1930–2009) ND 6 (1916–2008) VT 6 (1899–2023) NE 6 (1957–2025) NH 5 (1817–2007) NM 5 (1940–2015) MN 5 (1941–2015) MS 5 (1952–1998) KY 5 (1912–2012) HI 4 (1971–2022) AR 4 (1906–2007) WY 4 (1991–2008) MT 4 (1923–2000) SC 3 (1990–2018) AK 2 (1994–2012)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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