explained test (Wisconsin) · Go Syfert
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explained test in Wisconsin

21 Wisconsin opinions name it 2 courts 1903–2025 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Wisconsin courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (5)

CaseFollowedCited
United States v. Bagleygreen
scotus · 1985 · cited in 2 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023A 'reasonable probability' is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome." 473 U.S. 667, 682 (1985).

2023A 'reasonable probability' is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome." 473 U.S. 667, 682 (1985).

22
Regents of the University of California v. Bakkegreen
scotus · 1978 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025If both are not accorded the same protection, then it is not equal.” Id. (alteration in original; quoting Bakke, 438 U.S. at 289-90 (Powell, J.)). ¶26 The Court explained that outside of the context of universities making race-based admissions decisions for student body diversity, “our precedents have identified only two compelling interests that permit resort to race- 15 No. 2022AP2026 based government action.

11
State v. Shomberggreen
wis · 2006 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019See State v. 10 No. 2018AP1227-CR Shomberg, 2006 WI 9, ¶10 , 288 Wis. 2d 1 , 709 N.W.2d 370 (circuit court’s decision to exclude evidence is reviewed for an erroneous exercise of discretion).

2019See State v. 10 No. 2018AP1227-CR Shomberg, 2006 WI 9, ¶10 , 288 Wis. 2d 1 , 709 N.W.2d 370 (circuit court’s decision to exclude evidence is reviewed for an erroneous exercise of discretion).

11
Kellar v. Lloydgreen
wisctapp · 1993 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
2 sentences

1995Id. 2 The applicability of the safe-place statute, §101.11, Stats., in situations where frequenters challenge exculpatory contracts was raised, but left unanswered, in Kellar v. Lloyd, 180 Wis. 2d 162, 178-81 , 509 N.W.2d 87, 93-94 (Ct. App. 1993). 3 We recognize that the exact status of Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 195 (1979), is somewhat clouded.

1995Id. 2 The applicability of the safe-place statute, §101.11, Stats., in situations where frequenters challenge exculpatory contracts was raised, but left unanswered, in Kellar v. Lloyd, 180 Wis. 2d 162, 178-81 , 509 N.W.2d 87, 93-94 (Ct. App. 1993). 3 We recognize that the exact status of Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 195 (1979), is somewhat clouded.

11
La Vale Plaza, Inc., a New York Corporation v. R. S. Noonan, Inc., a Pennsylvania Corporationgreen
ca3 · 1967 · cited in 1 Wisconsin opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
1 sentence

1984Noonan, Inc., 378 F.2d 569, 572 (3d Cir. 1967), in which the court explained the rule that an arbitrator who had issued an award was functus officio and could do nothing more in regard to the arbitration grew out of an [U]n-willingness to permit one who is not a judicial officer and who acts informally and sporadically, to re-examine a final decision which he has already rendered, because of the potential evil of outside communication and unilateral influence which might affect a new conclusion.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Wisconsin. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (18)

CaseCitedYears
Roviaro v. United States green
scotus · 1957
2 sentences

2016The Court explained that the privilege "recognizes the obligation of citizens to communicate their knowledge of the commission of crimes to law enforcement officials and, by preserving their anonymity, encourages them to perform that obligation." Roviaro, 353 U.S. at 59 .

2016The Court explained that the privilege "recognizes the obligation of citizens to communicate their knowledge of the commission of crimes to law enforcement officials and, by preserving their anonymity, encourages them to perform that obligation." Roviaro, 353 U.S. at 59 .

22016–2016
Washington v. Davis green
scotus · 1976
1 sentence

2025If both are not accorded the same protection, then it is not equal.” Id. (alteration in original; quoting Bakke, 438 U.S. at 289-90 (Powell, J.)). ¶26 The Court explained that outside of the context of universities making race-based admissions decisions for student body diversity, “our precedents have identified only two compelling interests that permit resort to race- 15 No. 2022AP2026 based government action.

12025–2025
Puttkammer v. Minth green
wis · 1978
1 sentence

2022The court explained that a claim for unjust enrichment “may be asserted by a subcontractor or contractor against an owner without any contractual relation between the parties.” Id.

12022–2022
State v. Tyrus Lee Cooper green
wis · 2019
2 sentences

2021I acknowledge our supreme court’s discussion in State v. Cooper, 2019 WI 73, ¶¶21-22 , 387 Wis. 2d 439 , 929 N.W.2d 192 , where the court explained that a violation of the rules of professional conduct does not necessarily mean that there has been ineffective assistance of counsel.

2021I acknowledge our supreme court’s discussion in State v. Cooper, 2019 WI 73, ¶¶21-22 , 387 Wis. 2d 439 , 929 N.W.2d 192 , where the court explained that a violation of the rules of professional conduct does not necessarily mean that there has been ineffective assistance of counsel.

12021–2021
Cedarburg Light & Water Commission v. Glens Falls Insurance green
wis · 1969
2 sentences

2018Cedarburg , 42 Wis. 2d at 125 , 166 N.W.2d 165 .

2018Cedarburg , 42 Wis. 2d at 125 , 166 N.W.2d 165 .

12018–2018
Thoreson v. Milwaukee & Suburban Transport Corp. green
wis · 1972
2 sentences

2014The court explained that the instruction was improper because "[w]e cannot assume the bus passenger was a material witness; he may or may not have seen the accident." Thoreson, 56 Wis. 2d at 237 .

2014The court explained that the instruction was improper because "[w]e cannot assume the bus passenger was a material witness; he may or may not have seen the accident." Thoreson, 56 Wis. 2d at 237 .

12014–2014
UFE Inc. v. Labor & Industry Review Commission green
wis · 1996
2 sentences

1997In UFE, 201 Wis. 2d at 286-87 , 548 N.W.2d at 62 , the court explained the test for determining whether due weight deference was appropriate: Due weight deference is appropriate when the agency has some experience in an area, but has not developed the expertise which necessarily places it in a better position to make judgments regarding the interpretation of the statute than a court.

1997In UFE, 201 Wis. 2d at 286-87 , 548 N.W.2d at 62 , the court explained the test for determining whether due weight deference was appropriate: Due weight deference is appropriate when the agency has some experience in an area, but has not developed the expertise which necessarily places it in a better position to make judgments regarding the interpretation of the statute than a court.

11997–1997
Discount Fabric House of Racine, Inc. v. Wisconsin Telephone Co. green
wis · 1984
1 sentence

1995Id. 2 The applicability of the safe-place statute, §101.11, Stats., in situations where frequenters challenge exculpatory contracts was raised, but left unanswered, in Kellar v. Lloyd, 180 Wis. 2d 162, 178-81 , 509 N.W.2d 87, 93-94 (Ct. App. 1993). 3 We recognize that the exact status of Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 195 (1979), is somewhat clouded.

11995–1995
Herchelroth v. Mahar green
wis · 1967
2 sentences

1994Id. at 147 , 153 N.W.2d at 10 .

1994Id. at 147 , 153 N.W.2d at 10 .

11994–1994
Turtenwald v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. green
wis · 1972
2 sentences

1994Co., 55 Wis. 2d 659 , 201 N.W.2d 1 (1972), the court explained the test to determine whether to give a res ipsa loquitur instruction: [Wlhen both parties have rested and a negligence case is ready for the jury, either of two conditions may exist which would render it error to give the res ipsa loquitur instruction.

1994Co., 55 Wis. 2d 659 , 201 N.W.2d 1 (1972), the court explained the test to determine whether to give a res ipsa loquitur instruction: [Wlhen both parties have rested and a negligence case is ready for the jury, either of two conditions may exist which would render it error to give the res ipsa loquitur instruction.

11994–1994
Wachniak v. Estate of Frank green
wisctapp · 1987
1 sentence

1992Id.

11992–1992
State ex rel. Fowlie v. Painter green
· 1892
2 sentences

1983This court explained the rule on adoptive admissions in Richards v. State, 82 Wis. 172, 178 , 51 N.W. 652 (1892) : “The rule is fairly to be deduced from the authorities cited to the point by the respective counsel that inculpa-tory statements, made in the presence and hearing of one accused of crime, which he, having opportunity to do so, does not deny, and the truth or falsity of which is within his personal knowledge, are admissions of the accused by acquiescence, and as such admissible in evidence. . . .” 6 Second, the adoptive admission in this case contains sufficient indicia of reliabil

1983This court explained the rule on adoptive admissions in Richards v. State, 82 Wis. 172, 178 , 51 N.W. 652 (1892): "The rule is fairly to be deduced from the authorities cited to the point by the respective counsel that inculpatory statements, made in the presence and hearing of one accused of crime, which he, having opportunity to do so, does not deny, and the truth or falsity of which is within his personal knowledge, are admissions of the accused by acquiescence, and as such admissible in evidence. . . ." [6] Second, the adoptive admission in this case contains sufficient indicia of reliabil

11983–1983
Richards v. State green
· 1892
2 sentences

1983This court explained the rule on adoptive admissions in Richards v. State, 82 Wis. 172, 178 , 51 N.W. 652 (1892) : “The rule is fairly to be deduced from the authorities cited to the point by the respective counsel that inculpa-tory statements, made in the presence and hearing of one accused of crime, which he, having opportunity to do so, does not deny, and the truth or falsity of which is within his personal knowledge, are admissions of the accused by acquiescence, and as such admissible in evidence. . . .” 6 Second, the adoptive admission in this case contains sufficient indicia of reliabil

1983This court explained the rule on adoptive admissions in Richards v. State, 82 Wis. 172, 178 , 51 N.W. 652 (1892): "The rule is fairly to be deduced from the authorities cited to the point by the respective counsel that inculpatory statements, made in the presence and hearing of one accused of crime, which he, having opportunity to do so, does not deny, and the truth or falsity of which is within his personal knowledge, are admissions of the accused by acquiescence, and as such admissible in evidence. . . ." [6] Second, the adoptive admission in this case contains sufficient indicia of reliabil

11983–1983
Coffey v. City of Milwaukee green
wis · 1976
2 sentences

1982In the Coffey case this court explained the doctrine of public policy in negligence cases as follows: “[T]his court has held that even where the chain of causation is complete and direct, recovery may sometimes be denied on grounds of public policy because: (1) The injury is too remote from the negligence; or (2) the injury is too wholly out of proportion to the culpability of the negligent tort-feasor; or (3) in retrospect it appears too highly extraordinary that the negligence should have brought about the harm; or (4) because allowance of recovery would place too unreasonable a burden on th

1982In the Coffey case this court explained the doctrine of public policy in negligence cases as follows: “[T]his court has held that even where the chain of causation is complete and direct, recovery may sometimes be denied on grounds of public policy because: (1) The injury is too remote from the negligence; or (2) the injury is too wholly out of proportion to the culpability of the negligent tort-feasor; or (3) in retrospect it appears too highly extraordinary that the negligence should have brought about the harm; or (4) because allowance of recovery would place too unreasonable a burden on th

11982–1982
Simmons v. United States green
scotus · 1968
1 sentence

1973Less than a year after Wade and Gilbert were decided, the Court explained the rule of those decisions as follows : ‘The rationale of those cases was that an accused is entitled to counsel at any “critical stage of the prosecution,” and that a post-indictment lineup is such a “critical stage.” ’ (Emphasis supplied.) Simmons v. United States, 390 U. S. 377, 382-383 .

11973–1973
United States v. Wade green
scotus · 1967
2 sentences

1973In the trilogy of lineup cases, United States v. Wade (1967), 388 U. S. 218 , 87 Sup. Ct. 1926, 18 L.

1973In the trilogy of lineup cases, United States v. Wade (1967), 388 U. S. 218 , 87 Sup. Ct. 1926, 18 L.

11973–1973
State v. Brown green
wis · 1971
2 sentences

1973In State v. Brown (1971), 50 Wis. 2d 565, at 569 , 185 N. W. 2d 323 , this court explained the test for in-court identification as follows: “The law is clear that an in-court identification must not be the result of an exploitation of illegality or tainted by a violation of due process of law.

1973In State v. Brown (1971), 50 Wis. 2d 565, at 569 , 185 N. W. 2d 323 , this court explained the test for in-court identification as follows: “The law is clear that an in-court identification must not be the result of an exploitation of illegality or tainted by a violation of due process of law.

11973–1973
Buffalo Barb Wire Co. v. Phillips green
wis · 1886
1 sentence

1903Co. v. Phillips, 67 Wis. 132 , 30 N. W. 295 , the court explained that such rule does not apply to defects that are not obvious and patent within the strict meaning of those words, — defects that would attract the attention of a person in the exercise of ordinary care by applying his senses to the external appearances.

11903–1903

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WI § Wis. Stat. § 48.981 (4) WI § Wis. Stat. § 808.10 (4) WI § Wis. Stat. § 905.04 (4) WI § Wis. Stat. § 948.02 (4) WI § Wis. Stat. § 751.06 (3) WI § Wis. Stat. § 971.23 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 90 (1964–2026) LA 64 (1978–2021) OH 63 (1990–2026) TX 62 (1985–2025) FL 59 (1972–2026) IL 57 (1971–2025) PA 53 (1978–2025) MI 47 (1933–2025) OR 47 (1977–2024) AL 41 (1988–2026) MD 40 (1979–2025) WV 31 (1991–2022) NJ 29 (1963–2026) TN 25 (1984–2025) WA 23 (1986–2026) WI 21 (1903–2025) MS 20 (1973–2026) IN 16 (1972–2025) NC 15 (1980–2023) IA 14 (1973–2024) VA 14 (1991–2025) CT 14 (1999–2023) MO 13 (1976–2022) HI 11 (1996–2025) ND 11 (1994–2025) SC 9 (2004–2015) NY 9 (1949–2025) GA 9 (1985–2026) MA 9 (1990–2024) UT 9 (1988–2025) AZ 8 (1988–2020) KS 7 (1988–2021) OK 6 (1999–2020) AR 6 (1988–2026) KY 6 (2001–2022) RI 6 (1979–2016) NM 6 (1981–2020) VT 6 (1989–2024) MN 5 (1993–2026) CO 5 (1998–2022) WY 5 (1977–2018) ID 4 (1984–2022) NE 4 (1995–2014) ME 3 (2001–2014) AK 3 (1986–1997) DC 3 (2012–2024) SD 3 (2008–2025) MT 2 (1981–2008) NH 2 (1990–2016) VI 2 (2002–2017)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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