commerce clause (Indiana) · Go Syfert
← Indiana issues

commerce clause in Indiana

42 Indiana opinions name it 3 courts 1908–2015 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Indiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (21)

CaseFollowedCited
Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp. v. Indiana Department of State Revenuegreen
indtc · 1992 · cited in 3 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2001–2006
2 sentences

2006Corp. v. Indiana Dep't of State Revenue, 598 N.E.2d 647, 656 (Ind. Tax Ct. 1992) (citations omitted).

2006Corp. v. Indiana Dep't of State Revenue, 598 N.E.2d 647, 656 (Ind. Tax Ct. 1992) (citations omitted).

33
Roehl Transport, Inc. v. Indiana Department of State Revenuegreen
indtc · 1995 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1998–2001
2 sentences

1998“The negative or dormant implication of the Commerce Clause prohibits state taxation ... or regulation ... that discriminates against or unduly burdens interstate commerce.... ” General Motors Corp. v. Tracy, 519 U.S. 278 ," —, 117 S.Ct. 811, 818 , 136 L.Ed.2d 761 (1997) (citations omitted). 6 *1375 A state tax will be upheld against a Commerce Clause challenge when “the tax is applied to an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing State, is fairly apportioned, does not discriminate against interstate commerce, and is fairly related to the services provided by the State.” Complete Aut

1998“The negative or dormant implication of the Commerce Clause prohibits state taxation ... or regulation ... that discriminates against or unduly burdens interstate commerce.... ” General Motors Corp. v. Tracy, 519 U.S. 278 ," —, 117 S.Ct. 811, 818 , 136 L.Ed.2d 761 (1997) (citations omitted). 6 *1375 A state tax will be upheld against a Commerce Clause challenge when “the tax is applied to an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing State, is fairly apportioned, does not discriminate against interstate commerce, and is fairly related to the services provided by the State.” Complete Aut

22
Freeman v. Hewitgreen
scotus · 1947 · cited in 3 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1948–1988
2 sentences

1988Indiana imposed a tax on the gross receipts of the sale. ^ Justice Frankfurter, writing for the majority, began his analysis of the commerce clause issue: “Our starting point is clear. [T]he Commerce Clause was not merely an authorization to Congress to enact laws for the protection and encouragement of commerce among the states, but by its own force created an area of trade free from interference by the States.” Freeman, 329 U.S. at 252 , 67 S.Ct. at 276 (emphasis added) The Court rejected Indiana’s arguments that the tax was valid because it neither discriminated against interstate commerce

1988Indiana imposed a tax on the gross receipts of the sale. ^ Justice Frankfurter, writing for the majority, began his analysis of the commerce clause issue: “Our starting point is clear. [T]he Commerce Clause was not merely an authorization to Congress to enact laws for the protection and encouragement of commerce among the states, but by its own force created an area of trade free from interference by the States.” Freeman, 329 U.S. at 252 , 67 S.Ct. at 276 (emphasis added) The Court rejected Indiana’s arguments that the tax was valid because it neither discriminated against interstate commerce

13
Simon Aviation, Inc. v. Indiana Department of State Revenuegreen
indtc · 2004 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Asplundh contends that the imposition of use tax on the purchases of its commercial vehicles pursuant to Indiana Code § 6-2.5-3-2(a) violates the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. 5 (See Pet’r Br. at 20-23.) “[A] state tax ‘will survive a Commerce Clause challenge if the tax (1) is imposed on an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing state, (2) is fairly apportioned, (3) does not discriminate against interstate commerce in favor of local commerce, and (4) is fairly related to services the state provides.’ ” Simon Aviation, Inc. v. Indiana Dep’t of State Revenue, 805

2015Asplundh contends that the imposition of use tax on the purchases of its commercial vehicles pursuant to Indiana Code § 6-2.5-3-2(a) violates the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. 5 (See Pet’r Br. at 20-23.) “[A] state tax ‘will survive a Commerce Clause challenge if the tax (1) is imposed on an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing state, (2) is fairly apportioned, (3) does not discriminate against interstate commerce in favor of local commerce, and (4) is fairly related to services the state provides.’ ” Simon Aviation, Inc. v. Indiana Dep’t of State Revenue, 805

11
Rhoade v. Indiana Department of State Revenuegreen
indtc · 2002 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006Rhoade v. Indiana Dep't of State Revenue, 774 N.E.2d 1044, 1047 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2002). [13] In its brief, WJ's Commerce Clause analysis utilizes the four-part test set forth in Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady, 430 U.S. 274, 279 , 97 S.Ct. 1076, 1079 , 51 L.Ed.2d 326 (1977), reh'g denied.

11
State v. Wengergreen
illinoised · 1950 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

11
Craig v. Borengreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

11
Craig v. Borengreen
scotus · 1977 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

11
McDonald v. Thompsongreen
scotus · 1977 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

11
Loden v. Cunninghamgreen
scotus · 1977 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

11
Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Diasgreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
2 sentences

1995See Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias, 468 U.S. 263, 273 , 104 S.Ct. 3049, 3056 , 82 L.Ed.2d 200 (1984) ('{(Ilt is irrelevant to the Commerce Clause inquiry that the motivation of the legislature was the desire to aid [in-state interests] rather than to harm out-of-state producers."); Limbach, 486 U.S. at 273-74 , 108 S.Ct. at 1807-08 .

1995See Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias, 468 U.S. 263, 273 , 104 S.Ct. 3049, 3056 , 82 L.Ed.2d 200 (1984) ('{(Ilt is irrelevant to the Commerce Clause inquiry that the motivation of the legislature was the desire to aid [in-state interests] rather than to harm out-of-state producers."); Limbach, 486 U.S. at 273-74 , 108 S.Ct. at 1807-08 .

11
United States v. John Bagnariol, United States of America v. Gordon L. Walgren, United States of America v. Patrick Gallaghergreen
ca9 · 1981 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Gulch Gaming, Inc. v. South Dakotagreen
sdd · 1991 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Weaver v. Martingreen
scotus · 1982 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Freeman v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1982 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
G. B. v. Illinoisgreen
scotus · 1982 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Darnell v. Indianagreen
scotus · 1912 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
Hawley v. City of Maldengreen
scotus · 1914 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
Ashland Oil, Inc. v. Carylgreen
scotus · 1990 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
Dominion National Bank v. Martha B. Olsengreen
ca6 · 1985 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
The Minnesota Rate Casesgreen
scotus · 1913 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1947–1947
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Indiana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (57)

CaseCitedYears
Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady green
scotus · 1977
2 sentences

2015Asplundh contends that the imposition of use tax on the purchases of its commercial vehicles pursuant to Indiana Code § 6-2.5-3-2(a) violates the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. 5 (See Pet’r Br. at 20-23.) “[A] state tax ‘will survive a Commerce Clause challenge if the tax (1) is imposed on an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing state, (2) is fairly apportioned, (3) does not discriminate against interstate commerce in favor of local commerce, and (4) is fairly related to services the state provides.’ ” Simon Aviation, Inc. v. Indiana Dep’t of State Revenue, 805

2015Asplundh contends that the imposition of use tax on the purchases of its commercial vehicles pursuant to Indiana Code § 6-2.5-3-2(a) violates the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. 5 (See Pet’r Br. at 20-23.) “[A] state tax ‘will survive a Commerce Clause challenge if the tax (1) is imposed on an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing state, (2) is fairly apportioned, (3) does not discriminate against interstate commerce in favor of local commerce, and (4) is fairly related to services the state provides.’ ” Simon Aviation, Inc. v. Indiana Dep’t of State Revenue, 805

91988–2015
Western Live Stock v. Bureau of Revenue green
scotus · 1938
2 sentences

1988The Supreme Court sharply changed its course with the introduction of the multiple tax doctrine in Western Live Stock v. Bureau of Revenue (1938), 303 U.S. 250 , 58 S.Ct. 546 , 82 L.Ed. 823 .

1939The court was right in dismissing the suit.” If the making of contracts for the printing and publishing of advertisements in a newspaper or magazine that circulates interstate does not involve interstate commerce, within the meaning of the commerce clause of the Federal constitution, it would seem logical to hold that income derived from such contracts would, likewise be free from the provisions of said constitutional provisions. *290 But assuming that the question here involves the question of interstate commerce, we are of the opinion that appellee should not recover under the law as laid do

31939–1988
Michigan-Wisconsin Pipe Line Co. v. Calvert green
scotus · 1954
2 sentences

1969General Motors Corp. v. Washington, supra. This type of tax, of which Indiana’s is one, poses the threat of cumulative burdens being placed on interstate commerce since every state has an equal right to tax the commerce that it touches, General Motors Corp. v. Washington, supra; Michigan-Wisconsin Pipe Line Co. v. Calvert (1954), 347 U. S. 157 ; thus renewing the barriers to interstate trade that the commerce clause, U. S. Constitution, Art. 1, § 8, sought to remove.

1969This type of tax, of which Indiana's is one, poses the threat of cumulative burdens being placed on interstate commerce since every state has an equal right to tax the commerce that it touches, General Motors Corp. v. Washington, supra ; Michigan-Wisconsin Pipe Line Co. v. Calvert (1954), 347 U.S. 157 ; thus renewing the barriers to interstate trade that the commerce clause, U.S. Constitution, Art. 1, § 8, sought to remove.

31969–1972
American Trucking Assns., Inc. v. Scheiner green
scotus · 1987
2 sentences

1988Id. at 2846 (citing Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady (1977), 480 U.S. 274, 281 , 97 S.Ct. 1076, 1080 , 51 L.Ed.2d 326 ).

1988Id. at 2846 (citing Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady (1977), 480 U.S. 274, 281 , 97 S.Ct. 1076, 1080 , 51 L.Ed.2d 326 ).

21987–1988
American Trucking Assns., Inc. v. Conway green
vt · 1986
2 sentences

1987American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. Conway (1986), 146 Vt. 574 , 508 A.2d 405 .

1987American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. Conway (1986), 146 Vt. 574 , 508 A.2d 405 .

21987–1987
Braniff Airways, Inc. v. Nebraska State Board of Equalization & Assessment green
scotus · 1954
2 sentences

1972Braniff Airways, Inc. v. Nebraska State Board of Equalization and Assessment (1954), 347 U.S. 590 , 74 S. Ct. 757 , 98 L.

1972Braniff Airways, Inc. v. Nebraska State Board of Equalization and Assessment (1954), 347 U.S. 590 , 74 S. Ct. 757 , 98 L.

21972–1972
Spector Motor Service, Inc. v. O'Connor red
scotus · 1951
2 sentences

1972Michigan-Wisconsin Pipe Line Co. v. Calvert, supra. It has been held that: “. . . [i]t was not the purpose of the commerce clause to relieve those engaged in interstate commerce from their just share of state tax burden even though it increases the cost of doing the business.” General Motors Corporation v. Washington, supra. See also: Spector Motor Service, Inc. v. O’Connor (1964), 340 U.S. 602 , 71 S. Ct. 508 , 95 L.

1972Michigan-Wisconsin Pipe Line Co. v. Calvert, supra. It has been held that: “. . . [i]t was not the purpose of the commerce clause to relieve those engaged in interstate commerce from their just share of state tax burden even though it increases the cost of doing the business.” General Motors Corporation v. Washington, supra. See also: Spector Motor Service, Inc. v. O’Connor (1964), 340 U.S. 602 , 71 S. Ct. 508 , 95 L.

21972–1972
Prudential Insurance v. Benjamin green
scotus · 1946
2 sentences

2013The Supreme Court further explained the Act “put the full weight of [Congress’] power behind existing and future state legislation to sustain it from-any attack under the commerce clause to whatever extent this may be done with the force of that power behind it, subject only to the exceptions expressly provided for.” Id. at 431 , 66 S.Ct. 1142 .

2013The Supreme Court further explained the Act “put the full weight of [Congress’] power behind existing and future state legislation to sustain it from-any attack under the commerce clause to whatever extent this may be done with the force of that power behind it, subject only to the exceptions expressly provided for.” Id. at 431 , 66 S.Ct. 1142 .

12013–2013
King v. L & L Marine Service, Inc. green
mo · 1983
1 sentence

2004The original decision may have been buttressed by the Missouri Supreme Court decision in King v. L & L Marine Serv., Inc., 647 S.W.2d 524 (Mo.1983).

12004–2004
People ex rel. Anonymous v. Talbot Perkins Adoption Service neutral
nysupct · 1965
1 sentence

2003Prods., Inc. v. City of New York, 46 Misc.2d 369 , 350 500, 503 (N.Y.Sup.Ct.1973).

12003–2003
Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc. green
scotus · 1970
2 sentences

2003Even if such a ban were to be evaluated under the more stringent balancing of Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc., 397 U.S. 137, 142 , 90 S.Ct. 844 , 25 L.Ed.2d 174 (1970), its survival of a commerce clause challenge would turn on factual issues resolved at this pleading stage in favor of the plaintiff.

2003Even if such a ban were to be evaluated under the more stringent balancing of Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc., 397 U.S. 137, 142 , 90 S.Ct. 844 , 25 L.Ed.2d 174 (1970), its survival of a commerce clause challenge would turn on factual issues resolved at this pleading stage in favor of the plaintiff.

12003–2003
Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana green
scotus · 1981
2 sentences

2001Because U.S. Supreme Court dictum suggests that a fee charged for "specific quantifiable services" cannot survive a Commerce Clause challenge if it is "manifestly disproportionate to the services rendered," Commonwealth Edison Company v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 , 622 n. 12, 101 S.Ct. 2946 , 69 L.Ed.2d 884 (1981), reh'g denied, M.X.

2001Because U.S. Supreme Court dictum suggests that a fee charged for "specific quantifiable services" cannot survive a Commerce Clause challenge if it is "manifestly disproportionate to the services rendered," Commonwealth Edison Company v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 , 622 n. 12, 101 S.Ct. 2946 , 69 L.Ed.2d 884 (1981), reh'g denied, M.X.

12001–2001
General Motors Corp. v. Tracy green
scotus · 1997
2 sentences

1998“The negative or dormant implication of the Commerce Clause prohibits state taxation ... or regulation ... that discriminates against or unduly burdens interstate commerce.... ” General Motors Corp. v. Tracy, 519 U.S. 278 ," —, 117 S.Ct. 811, 818 , 136 L.Ed.2d 761 (1997) (citations omitted). 6 *1375 A state tax will be upheld against a Commerce Clause challenge when “the tax is applied to an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing State, is fairly apportioned, does not discriminate against interstate commerce, and is fairly related to the services provided by the State.” Complete Aut

1998“The negative or dormant implication of the Commerce Clause prohibits state taxation ... or regulation ... that discriminates against or unduly burdens interstate commerce.... ” General Motors Corp. v. Tracy, 519 U.S. 278 ," —, 117 S.Ct. 811, 818 , 136 L.Ed.2d 761 (1997) (citations omitted). 6 *1375 A state tax will be upheld against a Commerce Clause challenge when “the tax is applied to an activity with a substantial nexus with the taxing State, is fairly apportioned, does not discriminate against interstate commerce, and is fairly related to the services provided by the State.” Complete Aut

11998–1998
State of Georgia v. Wenger green
ca7 · 1951
2 sentences

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

1996See Craig v. Boren (1976) 429 U.S. 190, 205 , 97 S.Ct. 451, 461 , 50 L.Ed.2d 397 (''The wording of § 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment closely follows the Webb-Kenyon and Wilson Acts, expressing the framers' clear intention of constitutionalizing the Commerce Clause framework established under those statutes."), reh'g denied 429 U.S. 1124 , 97 S.Ct. 1161 , 51 L.Ed.2d 574 ; cf. Georgia v. Wenger (1950) E.D.Ill., 94 F.Supp. 976, 981 ("In so far as the Twenty-first Amendment has been subjected to judicial interpretation the same scope, meaning and purpose has been ascribed to it as to the Webb-Keny

11996–1996
Wyoming v. Oklahoma green
scotus · 1992
2 sentences

1996Wyoming v. Oklahoma (1994) 502 U.S. 437, 454 , 112 S.Ct. 789, 800 , 117 LEd.2d 1.

1996Wyoming v. Oklahoma (1994) 502 U.S. 437, 454 , 112 S.Ct. 789, 800 , 117 LEd.2d 1.

11996–1996
City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey green
scotus · 1978
2 sentences

1995Thus, the court must determine whether the challenged portions of the [Act] are just 'protectionist measure[s], of whether [the Act] can fairly be viewed as a law directed to legitimate local concerns, with effects upon interstate commerce that are only incidental" City *765 of Philadelphia v. New Jersey, 437 U.S. 617, 624 , 98 S.Ct. 2531, 2536 , 57 L.Ed.2d 475 (1978).

1995Thus, the court must determine whether the challenged portions of the [Act] are just 'protectionist measure[s], of whether [the Act] can fairly be viewed as a law directed to legitimate local concerns, with effects upon interstate commerce that are only incidental" City *765 of Philadelphia v. New Jersey, 437 U.S. 617, 624 , 98 S.Ct. 2531, 2536 , 57 L.Ed.2d 475 (1978).

11995–1995
New Energy Co. of Indiana v. Limbach green
scotus · 1988
2 sentences

1995See Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias, 468 U.S. 263, 273 , 104 S.Ct. 3049, 3056 , 82 L.Ed.2d 200 (1984) ('{(Ilt is irrelevant to the Commerce Clause inquiry that the motivation of the legislature was the desire to aid [in-state interests] rather than to harm out-of-state producers."); Limbach, 486 U.S. at 273-74 , 108 S.Ct. at 1807-08 .

1995See Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias, 468 U.S. 263, 273 , 104 S.Ct. 3049, 3056 , 82 L.Ed.2d 200 (1984) ('{(Ilt is irrelevant to the Commerce Clause inquiry that the motivation of the legislature was the desire to aid [in-state interests] rather than to harm out-of-state producers."); Limbach, 486 U.S. at 273-74 , 108 S.Ct. at 1807-08 .

11995–1995
Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe green
scotus · 1982
2 sentences

1995Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe, 455 U.S. 130, 154-55 , 102 S.Ct. 894, 910-11 , 71 L.Ed.2d 21 (1982) ("Onee Congress acts, courts are not free to review state taxes or other regulations under the dormant Commerce Clause.

1995Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe, 455 U.S. 130, 154-55 , 102 S.Ct. 894, 910-11 , 71 L.Ed.2d 21 (1982) ("Onee Congress acts, courts are not free to review state taxes or other regulations under the dormant Commerce Clause.

11995–1995
NAT. ASS'N OF FUNDRAISING TICKET MFRS. v. Humphrey neutral
mnd · 1990
2 sentences

1994See United States v. Bagnariol (9th Cir.1981), 665 F.2d 877, 896 , cert. denied, Bagnariol v. United States (1982), 456 U.S. 962 , 102 S.Ct. 2040 , 72 L.Ed.2d 487 (scheme to liberalize state gambling laws had sufficient effect on interstate commerce to satisfy jurisdictional requirements of various federal criminal statutes); Gulch Gaming, Inc. v. State of South Dakota (D.S.D. 1991), 781 F. Supp. 621, 626 (requirement that corporations applying for gaming license be owned in the majority by South Dakota residents violated the commerce clause); National Ass'n of Fundraising Ticket Mfrs. v. Hump

1994See United States v. Bagnariol (9th Cir.1981), 665 F.2d 877, 896 , cert. denied, Bagnariol v. United States (1982), 456 U.S. 962 , 102 S.Ct. 2040 , 72 L.Ed.2d 487 (scheme to liberalize state gambling laws had sufficient effect on interstate commerce to satisfy jurisdictional requirements of various federal criminal statutes); Gulch Gaming, Inc. v. State of South Dakota (D.S.D. 1991), 781 F. Supp. 621, 626 (requirement that corporations applying for gaming license be owned in the majority by South Dakota residents violated the commerce clause); National Ass'n of Fundraising Ticket Mfrs. v. Hump

11994–1994
Gibbons v. Ogden green
scotus · 1824
11991–1991
Kelley v. Rhoads green
scotus · 1903
11991–1991
Dennis v. Higgins green
scotus · 1991
11991–1991
Darnell v. State green
ind · 1910
11991–1991
IND. DEPT. OF STATE REVENUE v. Nebeker green
ind · 1953
11988–1988
Indiana Department of State Revenue v. Nebeker green
scotus · 1955
11988–1988
California ex rel. Brown v. St. Louis Union Trust Co. green
scotus · 1955
11988–1988
Southern Pac. Transp. v. ST. CHARLES PAR. POL. JURY neutral
laed · 1983
11987–1987
McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co. green
scotus · 1940
11987–1987
International Harvester Co. v. Department of Treasury of State of Indiana green
scotus · 1944
11987–1987
Nudelman v. Globe Varnish Co. green
ca7 · 1940
11987–1987
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad v. Kepner neutral
scotus · 1941
11987–1987
Rath v. Crosby green
scotus · 1941
11987–1987
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Assn., Inc. green
scotus · 1981
11983–1983
Minnesota v. Blasius green
scotus · 1933
11982–1982
ARTHUR WALTER SEED CO. ETC. v. McCLURE, TREAS., ETC. neutral
ind · 1957
11982–1982
McLeod v. J. E. Dilworth Co. green
scotus · 1944
11969–1969
General Motors Corp. v. Washington green
scotus · 1964
11969–1969
Postal Telegraph Cable Co. v. Adams green
scotus · 1895
11953–1953
James v. Dravo Contracting Co. green
scotus · 1937
11953–1953
Central Greyhound Lines, Inc. v. Mealey green
scotus · 1948
11953–1953

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IN § Ind. Code § 6-2.5-3-2 (3) IN § Ind. Code § 6-6-4.1-4 (3) IN § Ind. Code § 6-8.1-9-1 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 229 (1914–2025) NY 147 (1892–2026) IL 136 (1893–2024) WA 125 (1906–2025) PA 88 (1900–2024) NJ 82 (1905–2023) TX 77 (1884–2024) MA 70 (1912–2022) AL 60 (1914–2025) FL 55 (1894–2016) KS 51 (1892–2019) MI 50 (1918–2023) LA 48 (1892–2011) IN 42 (1908–2015) MN 40 (1911–2026) MO 39 (1901–2023) AR 36 (1892–2007) OR 36 (1900–2025) IA 35 (1882–2015) WI 35 (1929–2011) GA 33 (1909–2006) WV 33 (1903–2023) OH 33 (1910–2024) NC 32 (1812–2025) OK 31 (1911–2020) MD 29 (1899–2026) TN 29 (1900–2025) VA 29 (1851–2018) CT 28 (1952–2019) NM 26 (1931–2019) MS 25 (1917–2018) AK 23 (1975–2025) KY 21 (1907–2016) ME 20 (1901–2026) AZ 20 (1953–2019) CO 19 (1962–2016) HI 18 (1903–2025) NE 18 (1904–2005) NH 17 (1909–2020) UT 16 (1908–2025) VT 14 (1916–2024) SC 12 (1906–2018) RI 11 (1925–2009) PR 11 (1912–2012) MT 11 (1931–2000) WY 10 (1972–2011) ID 10 (1897–2010) SD 9 (1908–1985) DC 9 (1974–2023) ND 9 (1894–2003) DE 8 (1948–2018) NV 5 (1952–2017) VI 2 (2011–2016)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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