ex post facto test in Montana

20 Montana opinions name it 1 courts 1979–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Montana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (10)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Mountgreen mont · 2003 · cited in 5 Montana opinions naming this issue, 2007–2026 2 sentences 2025The district court noted that under State v. Mount, 2003 MT 275 , 317 Mont. 481 , 78 P.3d 829 , requiring Clark to register was not an ex post facto violation. 2025The district court noted that under State v. Mount, 2003 MT 275 , 317 Mont. 481 , 78 P.3d 829 , requiring Clark to register was not an ex post facto violation.	2	5
State v. Leistikogreen mont · 1992 · cited in 2 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1997–2003 2 sentences 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati	2	2
Marks v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1977 · cited in 3 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1979–2001 2 sentences 2001Marks v. United States (1977), 430 U.S. 188 , 191, 97 S.Ct. 990, 992 , 51 L.Ed.2d 260 . 2001Marks v. United States (1977), 430 U.S. 188 , 191, 97 S.Ct. 990, 992 , 51 L.Ed.2d 260 .	1	3
State v. Colemangreen mont · 1979 · cited in 2 Montana opinions naming this issue, 2003–2023 2 sentences 2023We have thus clarified, for example, that “[a] statute is not ‘retroactive’ [in violation of the ex post facto clause] merely because it draws upon antecedent facts for its operation.” State v. Coleman, 185 Mont. 299, 317 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1012 (1979) (emphasis in original). 2023We have thus clarified, for example, that “[a] statute is not ‘retroactive’ [in violation of the ex post facto clause] merely because it draws upon antecedent facts for its operation.” State v. Coleman, 185 Mont. 299, 317 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1012 (1979) (emphasis in original).	1	2
Smith v. Doegreen scotus · 2003 · cited in 2 Montana opinions naming this issue, 2003–2023 2 sentences 2003Smith, 538 U.S. 84 , 123 S.Ct. at 1146 . ¶32 The Supreme Court, however, rejected this challenge and held that Alaska’s Act did not violate the ex post facto clause. 2003Smith, 538 U.S. 84 , 123 S.Ct. at 1146 . ¶32 The Supreme Court, however, rejected this challenge and held that Alaska’s Act did not violate the ex post facto clause.	1	2
Stogner v. Californiagreen scotus · 2003 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008 2 sentences 2008The Court held that the California statute violated the ex post facto clause because it inflicted punishment upon Stogner where, by law, he was not liable to any punishment. 539 U.S. at 613 , 123 S. Ct. at 2450 (citations omitted). 2008The Court held that the California statute violated the ex post facto clause because it inflicted punishment upon Stogner where, by law, he was not liable to any punishment. 539 U.S. at 613 , 123 S. Ct. at 2450 (citations omitted).	1	1
State v. Maldonadogreen mont · 1978 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati	1	1
State v. Suistegreen mont · 1993 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	1	1
Stratemeyer v. Lincoln Countygreen mont · 1996 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996Stratemeyer v. Lincoln County (1996), [ 276 Mont. 67 ], 915 P.2d 175, 177 (citing Steer, Inc. v. Department of Revenue (1990), 245 Mont. 470, 474-75 , 803 P.2d 601, 603-04 ). 1996Stratemeyer v. Lincoln County (1996), [ 276 Mont. 67 ], 915 P.2d 175, 177 (citing Steer, Inc. v. Department of Revenue (1990), 245 Mont. 470, 474-75 , 803 P.2d 601, 603-04 ).	1	1
Durocher v. Myersgreen mont · 1929 · cited in 1 Montana opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Montana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (28)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Brander green mont · 1996 2 sentences 2022Brander, 280 Mont. at 157 , 930 P.2d at 36 . ¶16 Peralta takes the ex post facto analysis from Brander to argue that his issue is the ex post facto application of the 1989 amendment to his 1990 DUI conviction—not to his 2015 DUI sentence. 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	2	2003–2022
State Ex Rel. Nelson v. Ellsworth green mont · 1963 2 sentences 2015Nelson v. Ellsworth, 142 Mont. 14 , 380 P.2d 886 (1963). 2015Nelson v. Ellsworth, 142 Mont. 14 , 380 P.2d 886 (1963).	2	2014–2015
Miller v. Florida red scotus · 1987 2 sentences 2003This version was adopted from Miller v. Florida (1987), 482 U.S. 423, 430 , 107 S.Ct. 2446, 2451 , 96 L.Ed.2d 351 , and specifically stated that a law was ex post facto if it: (1) was retrospective; and (2) disadvantaged the offender affected by it. 2003This version was adopted from Miller v. Florida (1987), 482 U.S. 423, 430 , 107 S.Ct. 2446, 2451 , 96 L.Ed.2d 351 , and specifically stated that a law was ex post facto if it: (1) was retrospective; and (2) disadvantaged the offender affected by it.	1	2003–2003
State v. Spurlock green mont · 1992 2 sentences 2003Leistiko, 256 Mont. at 36-37 , 844 P.2d at 100 (holding that an increase in the amount of restitution owed, based on recent parole violations, violated the ex post facto clause). ¶ 22 We continued to apply the Leistiko test for four years. 2003Leistiko, 256 Mont. at 36-37 , 844 P.2d at 100 (holding that an increase in the amount of restitution owed, based on recent parole violations, violated the ex post facto clause). ¶22 We continued to apply the Leistiko test for four years.	1	2003–2003
Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez green scotus · 1963 2 sentences 2003Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. at 168-69 , 83 S.Ct. at 567-68 . ¶36 Under the Supreme Court’s analysis, if, in totality, these factors result in the effect of the law being nonpunitive, then, combined with the nonpunitive intent of the law, the law will not be held to violate the ex post facto clause. 2003Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. at 168-69 , 83 S.Ct. at 567-68 . ¶36 Under the Supreme Court’s analysis, if, in totality, these factors result in the effect of the law being nonpunitive, then, combined with the nonpunitive intent of the law, the law will not be held to violate the ex post facto clause.	1	2003–2003
State v. Gone green mont · 1978 2 sentences 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati	1	2003–2003
State v. Azure green mont · 1978 2 sentences 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati	1	2003–2003
State v. Beachman green mont · 1980 2 sentences 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati	1	2003–2003
State v. Hall red mont · 1986 2 sentences 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati	1	2003–2003
Frazier v. Montana State Department of Corrections Ex Rel. Montana Adult Probation & Parole green mont · 1996 2 sentences 2003Then, in 1996, we adopted a third version in Frazier v. Montana State Dept. of Corrections (1996), 277 Mont. 82 , 920 P.2d 93 . 2003Then, in 1996, we adopted a third version in Frazier v. Montana State Dept. of Corrections (1996), 277 Mont. 82 , 920 P.2d 93 .	1	2003–2003
State v. Beckman green mont · 1997 2 sentences 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	1	2003–2003
State v. Cooney green mont · 1997 2 sentences 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	1	2003–2003
In Re Game Farm License Number 319 of Brogan green mont · 1997 2 sentences 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	1	2003–2003
In Re Young neutral mont · 1999 2 sentences 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	1	2003–2003
State v. Duffy green mont · 2000 2 sentences 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	1	2003–2003
State v. Goebel green mont · 2001 2 sentences 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	1	2003–2003
Wright v. Mahoney green mont · 2003 2 sentences 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7 2003See State v. Suiste (1993), 261 Mont. 251, 253 , 862 P.2d 399, 401 ; State v. Brander (1996), 280 Mont. 148, 153 , 930 P.2d 31, 35 ; Matter of Brogan (1997), 283 Mont. 413, 422 , 942 P.2d 100, 106 ; State v. Beckman (1997), 284 Mont. 459, 463 , 944 P.2d 756, 759 ; State v. Cooney (1997), 284 Mont. 500, 505 , 945 P.2d 891, 893-94 ; In re Young, 1999 MT 195, ¶ 14 , 295 Mont. 394, ¶ 14 , 983 P.2d 985, ¶ 14 ; State v. Duffy, 2000 MT 186, ¶ 29 , 300 Mont. 381, ¶ 29 , 6 P.3d 453, ¶ 29 ; State v. Goebel, 2001 MT 155, ¶ 28 , 306 Mont. 83, ¶ 28 , 31 P.3d 340, ¶ 28 ; Wright v. Mahoney, 2003 MT 141, ¶ 7	1	2003–2003
Coleman v. Montana green scotus · 1980 2 sentences 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati	1	2003–2003
Montana v. Hall green scotus · 1987 2 sentences 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati 2003See State v. Maldonado (1978), 176 Mont. 322, 328 , 578 P.2d 296, 300 ; State v. Gone (1978), 179 Mont. 271, 280 , 587 P.2d 1291, 1297 ; State v. Azure (1978), 179 Mont. 281, 282 , 587 P.2d 1297, 1298 ; State v. Coleman (1979), 185 Mont. 299, 314 , 605 P.2d 1000, 1010 , cert denied, 446 U.S. 970 , 100 S.Ct. 2952 , 64 L.Ed.2d 831 ; State v. Beachman (1980), 189 Mont. 400, 406 , 616 P.2d 337, 340-41 ; State v. Hall (1986), 224 Mont. 187, 189 , 728 P.2d 1339, 1340 , rev’d on other grounds by 481 U.S. 400 , 107 S.Ct. 1825 , 95 L.Ed.2d 354 . ¶21 However, in 1992, without stating any particular rati	1	2003–2003
United States v. Morrow green ca5 · 1999 1 sentence 2000In U.S. v. Marrow (5th Cir. 1999), 177 F.3d 272,294 , the circuit court of appeals reviewed a situation similar to Duffy’s and held that applying a revised ten-year statute of limitation for bank fraud prosecution was proper and did not violate the ex post facto clause because the initial five-year statute of limitations had not run when the revised ten-year limitations period was enacted, even though the defendant was not indicted within five years of the relevant conduct. ¶32 In this case, § 45-1-205, MCA (1985), was amended before the original statute of limitations applicable to Duffy’s co	1	2000–2000
Steer, Inc. v. Department of Revenue green mont · 1990 2 sentences 1996Stratemeyer v. Lincoln County (1996), [ 276 Mont. 67 ], 915 P.2d 175, 177 (citing Steer, Inc. v. Department of Revenue (1990), 245 Mont. 470, 474-75 , 803 P.2d 601, 603-04 ). 1996Stratemeyer v. Lincoln County (1996), [ 276 Mont. 67 ], 915 P.2d 175, 177 (citing Steer, Inc. v. Department of Revenue (1990), 245 Mont. 470, 474-75 , 803 P.2d 601, 603-04 ).	1	1996–1996
Cummings v. Missouri green scotus · 1867	1	1992–1992
Russell R. Maggard v. Donald Wyrick green ca8 · 1986	1	1992–1992
Weaver v. Graham red scotus · 1981	1	1992–1992
McClanathan v. Smith green mont · 1980	1	1984–1984
Dobbert v. Florida green scotus · 1977	1	1980–1980
Hopt v. People of Territory of Utah green scotus · 1884	1	1979–1979
Thompson v. Utah red scotus · 1898	1	1979–1979

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MT § Mont. Code Ann. § 1-2-109 (5) MT § Mont. Code Ann. § 46-18-203 (4) MT § Mont. Code Ann. § 46-18-801 (3) MT § Mont. Code Ann. § 46-23-1011 (3) MT § Mont. Code Ann. § 46-23-504 (3) MT § Mont. Code Ann. § 46-23-505 (3) MT § Mont. Code Ann. § 46-23-506 (3) MT § Mont. Code Ann. § 46-23-507 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 377 (1958–2026) PA 358 (1950–2026) FL 245 (1982–2026) OH 222 (1993–2024) TX 175 (1971–2026) IL 135 (1974–2026) WA 115 (1989–2026) IN 108 (1974–2026) CT 91 (1981–2025) LA 70 (1978–2025) MO 63 (1988–2024) NY 61 (1939–2023) OR 60 (1980–2026) MS 59 (1976–2026) NJ 58 (1978–2026) KS 58 (1987–2026) TN 55 (1993–2025) MI 47 (1942–2026) SC 46 (1989–2023) NC 44 (1980–2020) AZ 42 (1976–2022) IA 40 (1979–2025) KY 29 (1983–2024) AR 29 (1987–2026) MA 29 (1980–2025) WI 28 (1994–2026) WV 27 (1980–2025) RI 26 (1917–2022) MD 25 (1980–2023) DE 23 (1985–2023) OK 23 (1980–2025) GA 23 (1972–2026) CO 22 (1990–2025) AL 21 (1981–2025) AK 21 (1986–2026) MT 20 (1979–2026) DC 17 (1972–2023) ID 17 (1979–2022) VT 17 (2008–2024) NE 17 (1983–2026) NV 16 (1977–2018) HI 15 (1994–2025) MN 15 (1985–2026) ME 14 (1984–2026) VA 14 (1984–2025) SD 11 (1993–2022) UT 10 (1983–2024) ND 10 (1980–2010) NM 9 (2004–2016) WY 7 (1895–2021) NH 6 (1974–2008) PR 4 (1949–1961)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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