voluntariness inquiry in Alabama

59 Alabama opinions name it 2 courts 1973–2024 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Alabama courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (20)

Case	Followed	Cited
Boglin v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 2002 · cited in 5 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2003–2008 2 sentences 2008See, e.g., Boglin v. State, 840 So.2d 926 (Ala.Crim.App.2002) (the voluntariness of a guilty plea, the voluntariness of a waiver of the right to appeal or to seek collateral review, and trial counsel’s effectiveness may be challenged on direct appeal if properly preserved, or collaterally in a Rule 32, Ala. R.Crim.P., petition, despite the presence of the waiver). . 2007In addition, just like a challenge to the voluntariness of a guilty plea, the issue of the voluntariness of a waiver of the right to appeal will be reviewed on direct appeal if it is first presented to the trial court.” Boglin v. State, 840 So.2d 926, 929 (Ala. Crim.App.2002).	3	5
Williams v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1983 · cited in 7 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1985–1994 2 sentences 1994Player v. State, 421 So.2d 1338, 1343 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). ‘Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.” Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).’” Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993). ‘When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, 1994"Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment." Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App. 1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).'" Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993).	2	7
Ex Parte Matthewsgreen ala · 1992 · cited in 2 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994 2 sentences 1994Player v. State, 421 So.2d 1338, 1343 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). ‘Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.” Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).’” Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993). ‘When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, 1994"When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, and if the trial judge decides it is admissible, his decision will not be disturbed on appeal `unless found to be manifestly contrary to the great weight of the evidence.' Williams v. State, 456 So.2d 852, 855 (Ala.Crim.App.1984)." Ex parte Matthews, 601 So.2d 52, 53 (Ala.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 2996 , 120 L.Ed.2d 872 (1992).	2	2
Williams v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1984 · cited in 2 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994 2 sentences 1994Player v. State, 421 So.2d 1338, 1343 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). ‘Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.” Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).’” Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993). ‘When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, 1994"When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, and if the trial judge decides it is admissible, his decision will not be disturbed on appeal `unless found to be manifestly contrary to the great weight of the evidence.' Williams v. State, 456 So.2d 852, 855 (Ala.Crim.App.1984)." Ex parte Matthews, 601 So.2d 52, 53 (Ala.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 2996 , 120 L.Ed.2d 872 (1992).	2	2
Thomas v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1993 · cited in 2 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994 2 sentences 1994Player v. State, 421 So.2d 1338, 1343 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). ‘Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.” Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).’” Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993). ‘When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, 1994"Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment." Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App. 1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).'" Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993).	2	2
Moore v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1982 · cited in 5 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1984–1989 2 sentences 1989In Moore v. State, 415 So.2d 1210 (Ala.Cr.App.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1041 , 103 S.Ct. 459 , 74 L.Ed.2d 610 (1982), Judge Bowen, speaking for this court, stated that “where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence, great weight must be given the trial judge’s finding of voluntariness.” Id., at 1214. 1989However, another statement made by the appellant to other officers was ruled admissible, as being voluntary and made after the appellant was informed of his Miranda rights. " Moore v. State , 415 So.2d 1210 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982), cert. denied , 459 U.S. 1041 , 103 S.Ct. 459 , 74 L.Ed.2d 610 (1982), is dispositive of the issue now before this court: " 'Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence, great weight must be given the trial judge's finding of voluntariness.	1	5
Player v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1982 · cited in 3 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1991–1994 2 sentences 1994Player v. State, 421 So.2d 1338, 1343 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). ‘Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.” Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).’” Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993). ‘When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, 1993Player v. State , 421 So.2d 1338 , 1343 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982). 'Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.' Williams v. State , 461 So.2d 834 , 838 (Ala.Cr.App. 1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams , 461 So.2d 852 (Ala. 1984).	1	3
Watson v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 2001 · cited in 2 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2001–2003 2 sentences 2003See, e.g., Watson v. State, 808 So.2d 77 (Ala.Crim.App.2001). 2001As we stated in Watson : “Because a plea waives all nonjurisdic-tional defects and because it is a longstanding principle that an appellate court cannot consider the issue of the voluntariness of a plea unless that issue is preserved by proper objection, we will consider the issue of the voluntariness of the waiver of the right to appeal only if that issue is properly presented to the trial court, either by way of a motion to withdraw the plea or a motion for new trial.” Watson, 808 So.2d at 81 .	1	2
Magwood v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1985 · cited in 2 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1999–2000 2 sentences 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made. 1999Magwood v. State , 494 So.2d 124 , 135 (Ala.Cr.App. 1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State , 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona , 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State , 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made.	1	2
Dobyne v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024	1	1
Commonwealth v. Woodbinegreen mass · 2012 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014	1	1
Commonwealth v. Medeirosgreen mass · 1985 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014	1	1
Yarbrough v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003	1	1
Cantu v. Stategreen ala · 1994 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
Carpenter v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1991 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000	1	1
Holder v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1991 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000	1	1
Dixon v. Stategreen ala · 1991 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994	1	1
Craun v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1992 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994	1	1
Oglesby v. Scullygreen scotus · 1992 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994	1	1
Kendrick v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1984 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Alabama. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (43)

Case	Cited	Years
Blackburn v. Alabama green scotus · 1960 2 sentences 2000Haynes v. Washington , 373 U.S. 503 , 513-14 , 83 S.Ct. 1336 , 1342-43 , 10 L.Ed.2d 513 (1963). (2) `The admissibility of confessions is for the court, their credibility is for the jury.' Phillips v. State , 248 Ala. 510 , 520 , 28 So.2d 542 (1946). (3) Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment. `(W)here there is a genuine conflict of evidence great reliance must be placed upon the finder of fact.' Blackburn v. Alabama , 361 U.S. 199 , 208 , 80 S.Ct. 274 , 281 , 4 L.E 2000Haynes v. Washington , 373 U.S. 503 , 513-14 , 83 S.Ct. 1336 , 1342-43 , 10 L.Ed.2d 513 (1963). (2) `The admissibility of confessions is for the court, their credibility is for the jury.' Phillips v. State , 248 Ala. 510 , 520 , 28 So.2d 542 (1946). (3) Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment. `(W)here there is a genuine conflict of evidence great reliance must be placed upon the finder of fact.' Blackburn v. Alabama , 361 U.S. 199 , 208 , 80 S.Ct. 274 , 281 , 4 L.E	14	1983–2000
Haynes v. Washington green scotus · 1963 2 sentences 2000Haynes v. Washington , 373 U.S. 503 , 513-14 , 83 S.Ct. 1336 , 1342-43 , 10 L.Ed.2d 513 (1963). (2) `The admissibility of confessions is for the court, their credibility is for the jury.' Phillips v. State , 248 Ala. 510 , 520 , 28 So.2d 542 (1946). (3) Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment. `(W)here there is a genuine conflict of evidence great reliance must be placed upon the finder of fact.' Blackburn v. Alabama , 361 U.S. 199 , 208 , 80 S.Ct. 274 , 281 , 4 L.E 2000Haynes v. Washington , 373 U.S. 503 , 513-14 , 83 S.Ct. 1336 , 1342-43 , 10 L.Ed.2d 513 (1963). (2) `The admissibility of confessions is for the court, their credibility is for the jury.' Phillips v. State , 248 Ala. 510 , 520 , 28 So.2d 542 (1946). (3) Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment. `(W)here there is a genuine conflict of evidence great reliance must be placed upon the finder of fact.' Blackburn v. Alabama , 361 U.S. 199 , 208 , 80 S.Ct. 274 , 281 , 4 L.E	14	1983–2000
Harris v. State green ala · 1967 2 sentences 2000Harris v. State , 280 Ala. 468 , 470-71 , 195 So.2d 521 (1967). (5) Even where there is credible testimony to the contrary, if the evidence is fairly capable of supporting the inference that the rules of freedom and voluntariness were observed, the ruling of the trial court need only be supported by substantial evidence and not to a moral certainty. 2000Harris v. State , 280 Ala. 468 , 470-71 , 195 So.2d 521 (1967). (5) Even where there is credible testimony to the contrary, if the evidence is fairly capable of supporting the inference that the rules of freedom and voluntariness were observed, the ruling of the trial court need only be supported by substantial evidence and not to a moral certainty.	14	1983–2000
Phillips v. State green · 1946 2 sentences 2000Haynes v. Washington , 373 U.S. 503 , 513-14 , 83 S.Ct. 1336 , 1342-43 , 10 L.Ed.2d 513 (1963). (2) `The admissibility of confessions is for the court, their credibility is for the jury.' Phillips v. State , 248 Ala. 510 , 520 , 28 So.2d 542 (1946). (3) Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment. `(W)here there is a genuine conflict of evidence great reliance must be placed upon the finder of fact.' Blackburn v. Alabama , 361 U.S. 199 , 208 , 80 S.Ct. 274 , 281 , 4 L.E 2000Haynes v. Washington , 373 U.S. 503 , 513-14 , 83 S.Ct. 1336 , 1342-43 , 10 L.Ed.2d 513 (1963). (2) `The admissibility of confessions is for the court, their credibility is for the jury.' Phillips v. State , 248 Ala. 510 , 520 , 28 So.2d 542 (1946). (3) Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment. `(W)here there is a genuine conflict of evidence great reliance must be placed upon the finder of fact.' Blackburn v. Alabama , 361 U.S. 199 , 208 , 80 S.Ct. 274 , 281 , 4 L.E	14	1983–2000
Edgil v. State green · 1952 2 sentences 1980Edgil v. State, 36 Ala.App. 379 , 56 So.2d 677 . 1980Edgil v. State, 36 Ala.App. 379 , 56 So.2d 677 .	9	1973–1980
Ex Parte Williams green ala · 1984 2 sentences 1994Player v. State, 421 So.2d 1338, 1343 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). ‘Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.” Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).’” Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993). ‘When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, 1994"Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment." Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App. 1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).'" Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993).	7	1985–1994
Bruington ex rel. Ezelle v. Conn green scotus · 1982 2 sentences 1999App.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1041 , 103 S.Ct. 459 , 74 L.Ed.2d 610 (1982), is dispositive of the issue now before this court: "`Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence, great weight must be given the trial judge's finding of voluntariness. 1989In Moore v. State, 415 So.2d 1210 (Ala.Cr.App.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1041 , 103 S.Ct. 459 , 74 L.Ed.2d 610 (1982), Judge Bowen, speaking for this court, stated that “where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence, great weight must be given the trial judge’s finding of voluntariness.” Id., at 1214.	5	1984–1999
Simon v. Reid green scotus · 1982 2 sentences 1999App.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1041 , 103 S.Ct. 459 , 74 L.Ed.2d 610 (1982), is dispositive of the issue now before this court: "`Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence, great weight must be given the trial judge's finding of voluntariness. 1999App.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1041 , 103 S.Ct. 459 , 74 L.Ed.2d 610 (1982), is dispositive of the issue now before this court: "`Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence, great weight must be given the trial judge's finding of voluntariness.	5	1984–1999
Ex Parte Blackmon green ala · 1999 2 sentences 2006In addition, because ineffective assistance of counsel may, in some circumstances, render a guilty plea involuntary, see Ex parte Blackmon , 734 So.2d 995 (Ala. 1999), we believe that claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel may also be raised in a Rule 32 petition, despite a waiver of collateral review. ". . . . 2003In addition, because ineffective assistance of counsel may, in some circumstances, render a guilty plea involuntary, see Ex parte Blackmon , 734 So.2d 995 (Ala. 1999), we believe that claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel may also be raised in a Rule 32 petition, despite a waiver of collateral review. ". . . .	4	2002–2006
Snider v. State green alacrimapp · 1982 2 sentences 1985In determining that the admission of the appellant's statement into evidence was proper, this court noted as follows: "`In Palmer v. State , 401 So.2d 266 , 268 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981), the court held, "[W]here ample evidence, even though conflicting, exists from which the trial judge could conclude that the appellant was not intoxicated to the extent of mania, the admission of a confession for a jury's consideration is not an abuse of discretion." In further regard to contradictory evidence at a voluntariness hearing, the court in Snider v. State , 422 So.2d 807 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982), held that when 1985"In Palmer v. State , 401 So.2d 266 , 268 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981), the court held, `[W]here ample evidence, even though conflicting, exists from which the trial judge could conclude that the appellant was not intoxicated to the extent of mania, the admission of a confession for a jury's consideration is not an abuse of discretion.' In further regard to contradictory evidence at a voluntariness hearing, the court in Snider v. State , 422 So.2d 807 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982), held that when conflicting evidence is presented great weight will be given to the trial court's determination of the issue." Campbell	4	1984–1985
McNair v. State green alacrimapp · 1973 2 sentences 1980“Our court recognized in McNair v. State, 50 Ala.App. 465 , 280 So.2d 171 , that: . . . [I]t is not unusual for the voluntariness inquiry to present conflicting evidence. 1980“Our court recognized in McNair v. State, 50 Ala.App. 465 , 280 So.2d 171 , that: . . . [I]t is not unusual for the voluntariness inquiry to present conflicting evidence.	4	1974–1980
Palmer v. State green alacrimapp · 1981 2 sentences 1985In determining that the admission of the appellant's statement into evidence was proper, this court noted as follows: "`In Palmer v. State , 401 So.2d 266 , 268 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981), the court held, "[W]here ample evidence, even though conflicting, exists from which the trial judge could conclude that the appellant was not intoxicated to the extent of mania, the admission of a confession for a jury's consideration is not an abuse of discretion." In further regard to contradictory evidence at a voluntariness hearing, the court in Snider v. State , 422 So.2d 807 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982), held that when 1985"In Palmer v. State , 401 So.2d 266 , 268 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981), the court held, `[W]here ample evidence, even though conflicting, exists from which the trial judge could conclude that the appellant was not intoxicated to the extent of mania, the admission of a confession for a jury's consideration is not an abuse of discretion.' In further regard to contradictory evidence at a voluntariness hearing, the court in Snider v. State , 422 So.2d 807 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982), held that when conflicting evidence is presented great weight will be given to the trial court's determination of the issue." Campbell	3	1984–1985
Edwards v. Arizona green scotus · 1981 2 sentences 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made. 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made.	2	1999–2000
Ex Parte Magwood green ala · 1986 2 sentences 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made. 1999Magwood v. State , 494 So.2d 124 , 135 (Ala.Cr.App. 1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State , 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona , 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State , 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made.	2	1999–2000
McComb v. Jacksonville Paper Co. green scotus · 1949 2 sentences 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made. 1999Magwood v. State , 494 So.2d 124 , 135 (Ala.Cr.App. 1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State , 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona , 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State , 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made.	2	1999–2000
Chandler v. State green alacrimapp · 1982 2 sentences 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made. 1999Magwood v. State , 494 So.2d 124 , 135 (Ala.Cr.App. 1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State , 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona , 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State , 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made.	2	1999–2000
Walker v. Illinois green scotus · 1986 2 sentences 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made. 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made.	2	1999–2000
Myers v. State green alacrimapp · 1981 2 sentences 2000Magwood v. State, 494 So.2d 124, 135 (Ala.Cr.App.1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State, 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App.1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State, 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App.1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made. 1999Magwood v. State , 494 So.2d 124 , 135 (Ala.Cr.App. 1985), aff'd, 494 So.2d 154 (Ala.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 995 , 107 S.Ct. 599 , 93 L.Ed.2d 599 (1986); Chandler v. State , 426 So.2d 477 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982) (citing Edwards v. Arizona , 451 U.S. 477 , 101 S.Ct. 1880 , 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981)); Myers v. State , 401 So.2d 288 (Ala.Cr.App. 1981.) The trial court need only be convinced from a preponderance of the evidence that a confession or inculpatory statement was voluntarily made.	2	1999–2000
Shiseido Cosmetics (America) Ltd. v. Franchise Tax Board green scotus · 1992 2 sentences 1994Player v. State, 421 So.2d 1338, 1343 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). ‘Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.” Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).’” Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993). ‘When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, 1994"When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, and if the trial judge decides it is admissible, his decision will not be disturbed on appeal `unless found to be manifestly contrary to the great weight of the evidence.' Williams v. State, 456 So.2d 852, 855 (Ala.Crim.App.1984)." Ex parte Matthews, 601 So.2d 52, 53 (Ala.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 2996 , 120 L.Ed.2d 872 (1992).	2	1994–1994
Wood v. Freedman green scotus · 1992 2 sentences 1994Player v. State, 421 So.2d 1338, 1343 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). ‘Where the voluntariness inquiry presents conflicting evidence and the trial judge finds that the confession was voluntarily made, great weight must be given his judgment.” Williams v. State, 461 So.2d 834, 838 (Ala.Cr.App.1983), reversed on other grounds, Ex parte Williams, 461 So.2d 852 (Ala.1984).’” Thomas v. State, 625 So.2d 1174, 1176-77 (Ala.Cr.App.1993). ‘When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, 1994"When there is conflicting evidence of the circumstances surrounding an incriminating statement or a confession, it is the duty of the trial judge to determine its admissibility, and if the trial judge decides it is admissible, his decision will not be disturbed on appeal `unless found to be manifestly contrary to the great weight of the evidence.' Williams v. State, 456 So.2d 852, 855 (Ala.Crim.App.1984)." Ex parte Matthews, 601 So.2d 52, 53 (Ala.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 2996 , 120 L.Ed.2d 872 (1992).	2	1994–1994
Dunaway v. New York green scotus · 1979 2 sentences 1986Dunaway , 442 U.S. at 217 , 99 S.Ct. at 2259 , 60 L.Ed.2d at 838 -39 ; Brown v. Illinois , 422 U.S. 590 , 95 S.Ct. 2254 , 45 L.Ed.2d 416 (1975). 1986Dunaway , 442 U.S. at 217 , 99 S.Ct. at 2259 , 60 L.Ed.2d at 838 -39 ; Brown v. Illinois , 422 U.S. 590 , 95 S.Ct. 2254 , 45 L.Ed.2d 416 (1975).	2	1985–1986
Brown v. Illinois green scotus · 1975	2	1985–1986
Haley v. Ohio green scotus · 1948	2	1977–1977
Gallegos v. Colorado green scotus · 1962	2	1977–1977
Botsford v. State neutral alacrimapp · 1974	2	1975–1977
Commonwealth v. Edwards green mass · 1995	1	2014–2014
Pettway v. State neutral alacivapp · 1987	1	2007–2007
Click v. State green alacrimapp · 1996	1	2000–2000
Leonard v. State green alacrimapp · 1989	1	1991–1991
United States v. Ali Asghar Taheri green ca9 · 1981	1	1990–1990
Strickland v. Washington green scotus · 1984	1	1986–1986
Bradley v. State green alacrimapp · 1976	1	1986–1986
Campbell v. State green alacrimapp · 1984	1	1985–1985
Ex Parte Woodson green ala · 1981	1	1982–1982
Woodson v. State green alacrimapp · 1981	1	1982–1982
Burrell v. Aaron green scotus · 1978	1	1982–1982
Dillingham v. United States green scotus · 1978	1	1982–1982
Thompson v. State green alacrimapp · 1977	1	1982–1982
Tyus v. State green alacrimapp · 1977	1	1982–1982
Hegmon v. State neutral alacrimapp · 1973	1	1981–1981

Statutes the citing opinions construe

AL § Ala. Code § 13A-5-40 (7) AL § Ala. Code § 13A-5-49 (5) AL § Ala. Code § 13A-5-53 (5) AL § Ala. Code § 13A-5-45 (4) AL § Ala. Code § 13A-5-47 (4) AL § Ala. Code § 13A-5-51 (3) AL § Ala. Code § 13A-6-2 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 134 (1974–2026) AZ 122 (1964–2026) NY 76 (1965–2026) CA 63 (1978–2026) AL 59 (1973–2024) MN 59 (1978–2026) TN 51 (1969–2026) PA 49 (1975–2026) IL 49 (1975–2025) MD 47 (1963–2025) IN 42 (1975–2024) FL 38 (1971–2021) CO 37 (1971–2026) OH 37 (1984–2025) MS 37 (1985–2025) MA 37 (1976–2026) GA 32 (1978–2025) NJ 32 (1967–2026) ME 31 (1976–2024) WA 27 (1976–2026) IA 26 (1974–2023) MI 26 (1969–2025) KS 23 (1983–2025) LA 22 (1977–2014) OR 20 (1970–2023) WI 20 (1978–2025) HI 17 (1964–2025) CT 16 (1978–2022) NC 14 (1968–2018) AR 14 (1980–2010) VT 13 (1984–2023) DC 13 (1981–2022) VA 12 (1992–2024) KY 12 (1994–2025) SC 12 (1996–2024) MO 10 (1973–2017) WV 10 (1977–2026) DE 9 (1967–2025) NM 9 (1978–2021) UT 9 (1986–2019) MT 8 (1988–2024) SD 8 (1981–2025) WY 8 (1995–2021) ID 7 (1985–2023) NE 7 (1985–2025) AK 6 (1987–2020) ND 6 (1977–2016) RI 5 (1985–2013) NV 5 (1980–2022) NH 4 (1984–2021) OK 4 (1972–1995)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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