protection clause in Rhode Island

6 Rhode Island opinions name it 2 courts 1962–2007 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Rhode Island courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

Case	Followed	Cited
DiBiasio v. Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Co.green ri · 1987 · cited in 1 Rhode Island opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007 1 sentence 2007The qualified privilege can be overcome, however, when the plaintiff proves “that the person making the defamatory statements acted with ill will or malice.” Mills, 837 A.2d at 720 (citing Di Biasio v. Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Co., 525 A.2d 489, 492 (R.I.1987)).	1	1
Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Vierragreen ri · 1993 · cited in 1 Rhode Island opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004 1 sentence 2004The public-safety officer’s rule bars police officers and firefighters from bringing tort actions against property owners for injuries suffered “while confronting a crisis created by a defendant’s ordinary negligence and only when [the officer] is injured by a risk typically associated with responding to that crisis.” Labrie v. Pace Membership Warehouse, Inc., 678 A.2d 867, 869 (R.I.1996) (citing Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Vierra, 619 A.2d 436, 439 (R.I.1993)). 2 A defendant seeking to in *956 voke the protection of this rule must demonstrate the following: “(1) the officer was injured in	1	1
Day v. Caslowitzgreen ri · 1998 · cited in 1 Rhode Island opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004 1 sentence 2004The public-safety officer’s rule bars police officers and firefighters from bringing tort actions against property owners for injuries suffered “while confronting a crisis created by a defendant’s ordinary negligence and only when [the officer] is injured by a risk typically associated with responding to that crisis.” Labrie v. Pace Membership Warehouse, Inc., 678 A.2d 867, 869 (R.I.1996) (citing Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Vierra, 619 A.2d 436, 439 (R.I.1993)). 2 A defendant seeking to in *956 voke the protection of this rule must demonstrate the following: “(1) the officer was injured in	1	1
Labrie v. Pace Membership Warehouse, Inc.green ri · 1996 · cited in 1 Rhode Island opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004 1 sentence 2004The public-safety officer’s rule bars police officers and firefighters from bringing tort actions against property owners for injuries suffered “while confronting a crisis created by a defendant’s ordinary negligence and only when [the officer] is injured by a risk typically associated with responding to that crisis.” Labrie v. Pace Membership Warehouse, Inc., 678 A.2d 867, 869 (R.I.1996) (citing Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Vierra, 619 A.2d 436, 439 (R.I.1993)). 2 A defendant seeking to in *956 voke the protection of this rule must demonstrate the following: “(1) the officer was injured in	1	1
Martellucci v. Federal Deposit Insurancegreen ri · 2000 · cited in 1 Rhode Island opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004 1 sentence 2004The public-safety officer’s rule bars police officers and firefighters from bringing tort actions against property owners for injuries suffered “while confronting a crisis created by a defendant’s ordinary negligence and only when [the officer] is injured by a risk typically associated with responding to that crisis.” Labrie v. Pace Membership Warehouse, Inc., 678 A.2d 867, 869 (R.I.1996) (citing Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Vierra, 619 A.2d 436, 439 (R.I.1993)). 2 A defendant seeking to in *956 voke the protection of this rule must demonstrate the following: “(1) the officer was injured in	1	1
Ronald Skipworth v. United Statesgreen ca3 · 1975 · cited in 1 Rhode Island opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995 1 sentence 1995Id. at 601-602.	1	1
Lanna v. Greenegreen conn · 1978 · cited in 1 Rhode Island opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982 2 sentences 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968). 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Rhode Island. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (15)

Case	Cited	Years
Swanson v. Speidel Corporation green ri · 1972 2 sentences 2007In that case, we said that: “the public interest requires that the protection of the privilege be accorded to a communication by a former employer to a prospective employer with regard to a former employee’s work characteristics where the publisher acts in good faith and has reason to believe that to speak out is necessary to protect ‘ * * * his own interests, or those of third persons, or certain interests of the public.’ ” Swanson, 110 R.I. at 340 , 293 A.2d at 310 (quoting Ponticelli, 104 R.I. at 551 , 247 A.2d at 305-06 ). 2007In that case, we said that: “the public interest requires that the protection of the privilege be accorded to a communication by a former employer to a prospective employer with regard to a former employee’s work characteristics where the publisher acts in good faith and has reason to believe that to speak out is necessary to protect ‘ * * * his own interests, or those of third persons, or certain interests of the public.’ ” Swanson, 110 R.I. at 340 , 293 A.2d at 310 (quoting Ponticelli, 104 R.I. at 551 , 247 A.2d at 305-06 ).	1	2007–2007
Johnson v. United States green scotus · 1948 1 sentence 2007Johnson v. United States , 333 U.S. 10 , 13-14 (1948).	1	2007–2007
State v. Werner green ri · 1992 1 sentence 2007The purpose of the Fourth Amendment is to protect individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures of items or places in which an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy. 2 See State v. Casas , 900 A.2d 1120 , 1229 (R.I. 2006); State v. Werner , 615 A.2d 1010 , 1011 (R.I. 1992). *Page 4 The primary method of this protection is the requirement that law enforcement officers obtain a warrant based on probable cause from a neutral magistrate or judge before they conduct a search.	1	2007–2007
Mills v. C.H.I.L.D., Inc. green ri · 2003 1 sentence 2007The qualified privilege can be overcome, however, when the plaintiff proves “that the person making the defamatory statements acted with ill will or malice.” Mills, 837 A.2d at 720 (citing Di Biasio v. Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Co., 525 A.2d 489, 492 (R.I.1987)).	1	2007–2007
State v. Casas green ri · 2006 1 sentence 2007The purpose of the Fourth Amendment is to protect individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures of items or places in which an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy. 2 See State v. Casas , 900 A.2d 1120 , 1229 (R.I. 2006); State v. Werner , 615 A.2d 1010 , 1011 (R.I. 1992). *Page 4 The primary method of this protection is the requirement that law enforcement officers obtain a warrant based on probable cause from a neutral magistrate or judge before they conduct a search.	1	2007–2007
Ponticelli v. Mine Safety Appliance Co. green ri · 1968 2 sentences 2007In that case, we said that: “the public interest requires that the protection of the privilege be accorded to a communication by a former employer to a prospective employer with regard to a former employee’s work characteristics where the publisher acts in good faith and has reason to believe that to speak out is necessary to protect ‘ * * * his own interests, or those of third persons, or certain interests of the public.’ ” Swanson, 110 R.I. at 340 , 293 A.2d at 310 (quoting Ponticelli, 104 R.I. at 551 , 247 A.2d at 305-06 ). 2007In that case, we said that: “the public interest requires that the protection of the privilege be accorded to a communication by a former employer to a prospective employer with regard to a former employee’s work characteristics where the publisher acts in good faith and has reason to believe that to speak out is necessary to protect ‘ * * * his own interests, or those of third persons, or certain interests of the public.’ ” Swanson, 110 R.I. at 340 , 293 A.2d at 310 (quoting Ponticelli, 104 R.I. at 551 , 247 A.2d at 305-06 ).	1	2007–2007
Krajewski v. Bourque green ri · 2001 1 sentence 2004Id. at 652 .	1	2004–2004
Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey green mass · 1913 2 sentences 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968). 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968).	1	1982–1982
Lucier v. Williams green mass · 1948 2 sentences 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968). 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968).	1	1982–1982
Berry v. Nardozzi green mass · 1972 2 sentences 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968). 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968).	1	1982–1982
Jenson v. Richens green wash · 1968 2 sentences 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968). 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968).	1	1982–1982
Robinson v. Compton green idaho · 1976 2 sentences 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968). 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968).	1	1982–1982
DePropris v. Smith neutral mich · 1955 2 sentences 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968). 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968).	1	1982–1982
Sawl v. Kwiatkowski green mass · 1965 2 sentences 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968). 1982Berry v. Nardozzi, 362 Mass. 145 , 284 N.E.2d 250 (1972); Sawl v. Kwiatkowski, 349 Mass. 712 , 212 N.E.2d 228 (1965); Lucier v. Williams, 323 Mass. 458 , 82 N.E.2d 808 (1948); Old Colony Trust Co. v. Chauncey, 214 Mass. 271 , 101 N.E. 423 (1913); see also Lanna v. Greene, 175 Conn. 453 , 399 A.2d 837 (1978); Robison v. Compton, 97 Idaho 615 , 549 P.2d 274 (1976); DePropris v. Smith, 342 Mich. 457 , 70 N.W.2d 712 (1955); Jenson v. Richens, 74 Wash.2d 41 , 442 P.2d 636 (1968).	1	1982–1982
Sweeney v. Notte green ri · 1962 1 sentence 1962I. 68, 183 A.2d 296 , they will not be members de jure consistently with the requirements of the full protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the federal constitution.	1	1962–1962

Where else courts name it

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Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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