second prong test (West Virginia) · Go Syfert
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second prong test in West Virginia

12 West Virginia opinions name it 1 courts 1991–2025 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by West Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (3)

CaseFollowedCited
United States v. Anthony Knight, Willie J. Newton Jr., and Troy C. Williamsgreen
ca7 · 2003 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Va. 20 , 650 S.E.2d 119 (2007) (citations omitted). 17 17 The State attempts to expand the second prong of this test by referring to a footnote in which the Court stated that “‘[w]e will note that evidence is considered suppressed when ‘the existence of the evidence was known, or reasonably should have been known, to the government, the evidence was not otherwise available to the defendant through the exercise of reasonable diligence, and the government either willfully or inadvertently withheld the evidence until it was too late for the defense to make use of it.’ United States v. Knight, 342

11
Central Realty Co. v. Martingreen
wva · 1944 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
2 sentences

2005Likewise, 110 C.S.R. § 3-19.1 requires merely that "in order for the property to be exempt, the primary and immediate use of the property must be for one or more exempt purposes." [8] In its order, the Tax Commissioner stated "[w]e do not make any opinion as to whether [AEMS] is a charitable organization." The circuit court also made no finding on AEMS' charitable status. [9] In the hearing before the circuit court, TSN's CEO, Dennis Nurkiewicz, testified that TSN assists county-level emergency services organizations by providing personnel training, certification and licensure; ambulance inspe

2005Likewise, 110 C.S.R. § 3-19.1 requires merely that "in order for the property to be exempt, the primary and immediate use of the property must be for one or more exempt purposes." [8] In its order, the Tax Commissioner stated "[w]e do not make any opinion as to whether [AEMS] is a charitable organization." The circuit court also made no finding on AEMS' charitable status. [9] In the hearing before the circuit court, TSN's CEO, Dennis Nurkiewicz, testified that TSN assists county-level emergency services organizations by providing personnel training, certification and licensure; ambulance inspe

11
Morgan v. MacLAREN SCHOOL, CHILDREN'S SERVICE DIV.green
orctapp · 1975 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
2 sentences

2003Id. at 480 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 ; see also Morgan v. MacLaren School, Children’s Services Div., 23 Or.App. 546 , 543 P.2d 304, 307 (1975).

2003Id. at 480 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 ; see also Morgan v. MacLaren School, Children’s Services Div., 23 Or.App. 546 , 543 P.2d 304, 307 (1975).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in West Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (10)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Miller green
wva · 1995
2 sentences

2025Even if the petitioner had met the first prong of the Strickland/Miller test, he cannot establish the second prong of that test that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings would have been different.” Miller, 194 W.

2019To prevail under the second prong of this test, a defendant must "demonstrate prejudice" and "prove there is a 'reasonable probability' that, absent the errors, the [proceedings] would have reached a different result." Id. at 15 , 459 S.E.2d at 126 (citing Strickland , 466 U.S. at 694 , 104 S. Ct. at 2068 , 80 L.Ed. 2d 674 ).

31999–2025
Strickland v. Washington green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

2019To prevail under the second prong of this test, a defendant must "demonstrate prejudice" and "prove there is a 'reasonable probability' that, absent the errors, the [proceedings] would have reached a different result." Id. at 15 , 459 S.E.2d at 126 (citing Strickland , 466 U.S. at 694 , 104 S. Ct. at 2068 , 80 L.Ed. 2d 674 ).

2019To prevail under the second prong of this test, a defendant must "demonstrate prejudice" and "prove there is a 'reasonable probability' that, absent the errors, the [proceedings] would have reached a different result." Id. at 15 , 459 S.E.2d at 126 (citing Strickland , 466 U.S. at 694 , 104 S. Ct. at 2068 , 80 L.Ed. 2d 674 ).

21997–2019
In Re Cesar L. green
wva · 2007
1 sentence

2025Va 249, 654 S.E.2d 373 (2007). 7 Having determined that there was a material change in circumstances, we turn to the second prong of the analysis: whether modification was in the best interests of R.B.

12025–2025
State v. Youngblood green
wva · 2007
1 sentence

2021Va. 20 , 650 S.E.2d 119 (2007) (citations omitted). 17 17 The State attempts to expand the second prong of this test by referring to a footnote in which the Court stated that “‘[w]e will note that evidence is considered suppressed when ‘the existence of the evidence was known, or reasonably should have been known, to the government, the evidence was not otherwise available to the defendant through the exercise of reasonable diligence, and the government either willfully or inadvertently withheld the evidence until it was too late for the defense to make use of it.’ United States v. Knight, 342

12021–2021
Wellsburg Unity Apartments, Inc. v. County Commission green
wva · 1998
2 sentences

2005The second prong of the test this Court set forth in Wellsburg Unity Apts., Inc. v. County Com'n of Brooke Co., 202 W.Va. 283 , 503 S.E.2d 851 (1998) requires simply that the property at issue is used exclusively for charitable purposes, not that the Taxpayer must use the property directly for a charitable purpose.

2005The second prong of the test this Court set forth in Wellsburg Unity Apts., Inc. v. County Com'n of Brooke Co., 202 W.Va. 283 , 503 S.E.2d 851 (1998) requires simply that the property at issue is used exclusively for charitable purposes, not that the Taxpayer must use the property directly for a charitable purpose.

12005–2005
Morrissey v. Brewer green
scotus · 1972
2 sentences

2003Id. at 480 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 ; see also Morgan v. MacLaren School, Children’s Services Div., 23 Or.App. 546 , 543 P.2d 304, 307 (1975).

2003Id. at 480 , 92 S.Ct. 2593 ; see also Morgan v. MacLaren School, Children’s Services Div., 23 Or.App. 546 , 543 P.2d 304, 307 (1975).

12003–2003
Abbott v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. red
wva · 1994
2 sentences

2000Under step one of the two-step analysis articulated in Syllabus point 5 of Abbott, 191 W.Va. 198 , 444 S.E.2d 285 , the plaintiffs were required to establish that the actions of Buckeye satisfied W.

2000Under step one of the two-step analysis articulated in Syllabus point 5 of Abbott, 191 W.Va. 198 , 444 S.E.2d 285 , the plaintiffs were required to establish that the actions of Buckeye satisfied W.

12000–2000
cluster 744871 green
ca11 · 1997
2 sentences

1999Federal courts have acknowledged that federal Rule 701, like our rule 701, “specifically permits lay opinion testimony if those opinions are rationally based on the perception of the witness[.]” Carter v. DecisionOne Corp., 122 F.3d 997 , 1005 (11th Cir.1997).

1999Federal courts have acknowledged that federal Rule 701, like our rule 701, "specifically permits lay opinion testimony if those opinions are rationally based on the perception of the witness[.]" Carter v. DecisionOne Corp., 122 F.3d 997 , 1005 (11th Cir.1997).

11999–1999
Curtiss-Wright Corp. v. General Electric Co. green
scotus · 1980
2 sentences

1996Curtiss-Wright, 446 U.S. at 10 , 100 S.Ct. at 1466 , 64 L.Ed.2d at 12-13 .

1996Curtiss-Wright, 446 U.S. at 10 , 100 S.Ct. at 1466 , 64 L.Ed.2d at 12-13 .

11996–1996
Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. San Diego County District Council of Carpenters green
scotus · 1978
2 sentences

1991The Court concluded, however, that this fact alone was not sufficient to warrant preemption of state court jurisdiction in all cases: "The primary-jurisdiction rationale justifies pre-emption only in situations in which an aggrieved party has a reasonable opportunity either to invoke the Board's jurisdiction himself or else to induce his adversary to do so." 436 U.S. at 201 , 98 S.Ct. at 1759, 56 L.Ed.2d at 228 .

1991The Court concluded, however, that this fact alone was not sufficient to warrant preemption of state court jurisdiction in all cases: "The primary-jurisdiction rationale justifies pre-emption only in situations in which an aggrieved party has a reasonable opportunity either to invoke the Board's jurisdiction himself or else to induce his adversary to do so." 436 U.S. at 201 , 98 S.Ct. at 1759, 56 L.Ed.2d at 228 .

11991–1991

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WV § W. Va. Code § 61-8D-5 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 385 (1976–2026) CA 223 (1972–2026) IL 201 (1979–2026) OH 176 (1980–2026) PA 152 (1974–2026) GA 148 (1980–2026) NY 109 (1970–2026) CT 109 (1983–2026) FL 81 (1981–2024) NJ 80 (1979–2026) WA 72 (1982–2025) MS 58 (1984–2022) IN 50 (1989–2020) MO 48 (1984–2022) MI 41 (1982–2025) NC 40 (1975–2024) TN 39 (1980–2024) LA 37 (1981–2025) AR 36 (1979–2022) IA 34 (1979–2024) MN 34 (1977–2026) KS 33 (1989–2024) MD 32 (1980–2025) MT 31 (1978–2025) AL 31 (1989–2023) WI 29 (1991–2026) MA 29 (1996–2025) UT 26 (1982–2025) ID 26 (1991–2024) VA 25 (1974–2025) CO 22 (1971–2025) NM 22 (1980–2025) DC 19 (1972–2023) VT 19 (1988–2024) ME 18 (1978–2023) RI 17 (1984–2019) OR 17 (1984–2024) KY 16 (1991–2024) HI 15 (1994–2024) SD 15 (1985–2023) ND 14 (1986–2018) WV 12 (1991–2025) WY 12 (1991–2025) AZ 11 (1976–2026) SC 10 (1992–2023) DE 10 (1976–2023) NE 10 (1984–2025) NH 8 (1993–2020) OK 7 (2002–2025) NV 7 (1998–2023) AK 4 (1982–2009)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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