state law claim (Ohio) · Go Syfert
← Ohio issues

state law claim in Ohio

61 Ohio opinions name it 2 courts 1983–2026 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (26)

CaseFollowedCited
cluster 2008green
· · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See also Equal Rights Ctr., 602 F.3d at 604, fn. 2 (declining to consider “whether a state-law claim for contribution [was] preempted” by the FHA because the contribution claim being presented would shift the entire cost of the violation to another entity).2 {¶ 65} The Tenth District also concluded that “if Congress had wanted to provide for a right of contribution for violations of the FHA, it would have included such a right as a provision in the FHA itself—yet it did not.” 2022-Ohio-3442 at ¶ 16 (10th Dist.).

2024See also Equal Rights Ctr., 602 F.3d at 604, fn. 2 (declining to consider “whether a state-law claim for contribution [was] preempted” by the FHA because the contribution claim being presented would shift the entire cost of the violation to another entity).2 {¶ 65} The Tenth District also concluded that “if Congress had wanted to provide for a right of contribution for violations of the FHA, it would have included such a right as a provision in the FHA itself—yet it did not.” 2022-Ohio-3442 at ¶ 16 (10th Dist.).

22
English v. General Electric Co.green
scotus · 1990 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Co., 496 U.S. 72 , 79 (1990), quoting Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52 , 67 (1941). {¶ 40} In the Tenth District’s view, “a state law claim for contribution is an obstacle to the full purposes and objectives of Congress in the passage of the FHA.” 2022-Ohio-3442 at ¶ 15 (10th Dist.).

2024Co., 496 U.S. 72, 79 (1990), quoting Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52, 67 (1941). {¶ 40} In the Tenth District’s view, “a state law claim for contribution is an obstacle to the full purposes and objectives of Congress in the passage of the FHA.” 2022-Ohio-3442 at ¶ 15 (10th Dist.).

22
Hines v. Davidowitzgreen
scotus · 1941 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Co., 496 U.S. 72 , 79 (1990), quoting Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52 , 67 (1941). {¶ 40} In the Tenth District’s view, “a state law claim for contribution is an obstacle to the full purposes and objectives of Congress in the passage of the FHA.” 2022-Ohio-3442 at ¶ 15 (10th Dist.).

2024Co., 496 U.S. 72, 79 (1990), quoting Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52, 67 (1941). {¶ 40} In the Tenth District’s view, “a state law claim for contribution is an obstacle to the full purposes and objectives of Congress in the passage of the FHA.” 2022-Ohio-3442 at ¶ 15 (10th Dist.).

22
Epcon Community Franchising, L.L.C. v. Wilcox Dev. Group, L.L.C.green
· 2022 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Co., 496 U.S. 72 , 79 (1990), quoting Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52 , 67 (1941). {¶ 40} In the Tenth District’s view, “a state law claim for contribution is an obstacle to the full purposes and objectives of Congress in the passage of the FHA.” 2022-Ohio-3442 at ¶ 15 (10th Dist.).

2024See also Equal Rights Ctr., 602 F.3d at 604, fn. 2 (declining to consider “whether a state-law claim for contribution [was] preempted” by the FHA because the contribution claim being presented would shift the entire cost of the violation to another entity).2 {¶ 65} The Tenth District also concluded that “if Congress had wanted to provide for a right of contribution for violations of the FHA, it would have included such a right as a provision in the FHA itself—yet it did not.” 2022-Ohio-3442 at ¶ 16 (10th Dist.).

22
Baker, Watts & Company v. Miles & Stockbridge Timothy R. Casgar, Baker, Watts & Company v. Miles & Stockbridge Timothy R. Casgargreen
ca4 · 1989 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Consistent with the goal of holding all FHA violators responsible, Epcon’s state claim seeks to ensure that “common liability” is allocated “proportionately.” Compare Baker, Watts & Co. v. Miles & Stockbridge, 876 F.2d 1101 , 1107 (4th Cir. 1989) (holding that federal securities laws did not preempt a state-law claim for contribution when such a claim would “further the regulatory purposes of the federal securities laws by holding all violators to account”).

2024Consistent with the goal of holding all FHA violators responsible, Epcon’s state claim seeks to ensure that “common liability” is allocated “proportionately.” Compare Baker, Watts & Co. v. Miles & Stockbridge, 876 F.2d 1101, 1107 (4th Cir. 1989) (holding that federal securities laws did not preempt a state-law claim for contribution when such a claim would “further the regulatory purposes of the federal securities laws by holding all violators to account”).

22
Ricardo Torres v. Precision Indus., Inc.green
ca6 · 2019 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Compare Torres v. Precision Indus., Inc., 938 F.3d 752 , 756-757 (6th Cir. 2019) (concluding that a district court erred by determining the constitutional issue of preemption before addressing the merits of a state-law claim). {¶ 19} Both the party presentment and constitutional avoidance considerations apply with equal force in this court.

2024Compare Torres v. Precision Indus., Inc., 938 F.3d 752, 756-757 (6th Cir. 2019) (concluding that a district court erred by determining the constitutional issue of preemption before addressing the merits of a state-law claim). {¶ 19} Both the party presentment and constitutional avoidance considerations apply with equal force in this court.

22
State v. Perrygreen
ohio · 1998 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2002–2018
2 sentences

2018Under 17 U.S.C. 301(a), a state common-law or statutory claim is preempted if: "(1) the work is within the scope of the 'subject matter of copyright,' as specified in 17 U.S.C. §§ 102 and 103 ; and, (2) the rights granted under state law are equivalent to any exclusive rights within the scope of federal copyright law as set out in 17 U.S.C. § 106 ." Wrench LLC v. Taco Bell Corp. , 256 F.3d 446 , 453 (6th Cir.2001) ; see State v. Perry , 83 Ohio St.3d 41 , 42, 697 N.E.2d 624 (1998).

2018Generally, Section 106 of the Copyright Act protects an owner's right to reproduce, distribute, perform, and display a copyrighted work, and to prepare derivative works based on a copyrighted work. 17 U.S.C. 106. {¶ 11} Because we have already held that First World's unregistered architectural drawings fell within the subject matter of copyright law, the only issue is the equivalency prong of the analysis. "[T]o survive a preemption challenge based on equivalency of protected rights, the state law claim must contain an extra element" that "distinguish[es] the claim from a claim in copyright" a

22
Lingle v. Norge Division of Magic Chef, Inc.green
scotus · 1988 · cited in 6 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1991–2002
2 sentences

2002That having been said, we agree with the trial court with respect to two of Milcor's theories and hereby adopt the following conclusions of the trial court: (1) Summary judgment is not warranted on the basis that Luginbihl's claims are preempted by federal labor law on the authority of Lingle v. Norge Div. Of Magic Chef, Inc . (1988), 486 U.S. 399 which states that a state-law claim is not subject to federal preclusion where that claim is independent of the collective bargaining agreement and presents purely factual questions that can be resolved without interpretation of the collective bargai

2001In Lingle, supra, at 407 , the United States Supreme Court held that a state-law retaliatory discharge claim was independent of the collective bargaining agreement and, thus, not preempted by federal labor law, when the state-law claim presented purely factual questions that could be resolved without interpretation of the collective bargaining agreement.

16
Tanya Martin v. City of Broadview Heightsgreen
ca6 · 2013 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026See King, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS at *5 (noting that “the [trial] court denied summary judgment on the Fourth Amendment claim because it found that disputes of fact existed as to whether [the officer] or others in the area ‘were threatened with serious bodily injury’ when [the officer] shot [the decedent]”); see also Martin v. Broadview Heights, 712 F.3d 951, 963 (6th Cir. 2013) (recognizing that where “resolution of the state-law immunity issue is heavily dependent on the same disputed material facts as the excessive-force determination under § 1983, the district court properly denied summary ju

11
Gwendolyn M. RIVERS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BARBERTON BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendant-Appelleegreen
ca6 · 1998 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See also Rivers v. Barberton Bd. of Edn., 143 F.3d 1029, 1032 (6th Cir.1998) (It is of no consequence whether the Title VII claim was dismissed on the merits in the first case so 15 Case No. 2023-T-0067 long as some relevant portion of the first case was dismissed on the merits; this was a final decision on the merits of the race-discrimination claim by a court of competent jurisdiction, not only as to those legal theories, but also as to any other legal theory under which that claim might have been litigated). {¶64} Most fundamentally, Ms. Glenn did not appeal the federal court’s decision. {¶

11
Thermodyn Corp. v. 3M Co.green
ohnd · 2008 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022The test to determine whether a state law claim is displaced by OUTSA is to determine whether “the claims are no more than a restatement of the same operative facts that formed the basis of the plaintiff’s statutory claim for trade secret misappropriation.” Id. at 485, quoting Thermodyn Corp. v. 3M Corp., 593 F.Supp.2d 972, 989 (N.D.Ohio 2008).

2022“Where the state-law claim has a factual basis independent from the facts establishing the OUTSA claim, the portion of the claim supported by an independent factual basis survives preemption.” Id., quoting Miami Valley Mobile Health Servs., Inc. v. ExamOne Worldwide, Inc., 852 F.Supp.2d 925, 940 (S.D.Ohio 2012).

11
Miami Valley Mobile Health Services, Inc. v. ExamOne Worldwide, Inc.green
ohsd · 2012 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022“Where the state-law claim has a factual basis independent from the facts establishing the OUTSA claim, the portion of the claim supported by an independent factual basis survives preemption.” Id., quoting Miami Valley Mobile Health Servs., Inc. v. ExamOne Worldwide, Inc., 852 F.Supp.2d 925, 940 (S.D.Ohio 2012).

2022“Where the state-law claim has a factual basis independent from the facts establishing the OUTSA claim, the portion of the claim supported by an independent factual basis survives preemption.” Id., quoting Miami Valley Mobile Health Servs., Inc. v. ExamOne Worldwide, Inc., 852 F.Supp.2d 925, 940 (S.D.Ohio 2012).

11
Buckman Co. v. Plaintiffs' Legal Committeegreen
scotus · 2001 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See 21 U.S.C. 337(a) (“proceedings for enforcement of the FDCA shall be by and in the name of the United States”); see also Buckman v. Plaintiff’s Legal Comm., 531 U.S. 341, 349 , 121 S.Ct. 1012 , 148 L.Ed.2d 854 (2001), fn. 4 (“The FDCA leaves no doubt that it is the Federal Government rather than litigants who [is] authorized to file suit for noncompliance with the FDCA.”). {¶7} In their memorandum opposing the motions, the Tibbes argued that they may have a claim that fit within what they characterized as a “narrow exception” to preemption based on the “failure-to-update theory” articulated

2017See 21 U.S.C. 337(a) (“proceedings for enforcement of the FDCA shall be by and in the name of the United States”); see also Buckman v. Plaintiff’s Legal Comm., 531 U.S. 341, 349 , 121 S.Ct. 1012 , 148 L.Ed.2d 854 (2001), fn. 4 (“The FDCA leaves no doubt that it is the Federal Government rather than litigants who [is] authorized to file suit for noncompliance with the FDCA.”). {¶7} In their memorandum opposing the motions, the Tibbes argued that they may have a claim that fit within what they characterized as a “narrow exception” to preemption based on the “failure-to-update theory” articulated

11
Eleanor Fulgenzi v. PLIVA, Inc.green
ca6 · 2013 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017See 21 U.S.C. 337(a) (“proceedings for enforcement of the FDCA shall be by and in the name of the United States”); see also Buckman v. Plaintiff’s Legal Comm., 531 U.S. 341, 349 , 121 S.Ct. 1012 , 148 L.Ed.2d 854 (2001), fn. 4 (“The FDCA leaves no doubt that it is the Federal Government rather than litigants who [is] authorized to file suit for noncompliance with the FDCA.”). {¶7} In their memorandum opposing the motions, the Tibbes argued that they may have a claim that fit within what they characterized as a “narrow exception” to preemption based on the “failure-to-update theory” articulated

11
Tyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Department of Revenuegreen
wash · 1986 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
Miller v. Sanilac Countygreen
ca6 · 2010 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Logsdon v. Hainsgreen
ca6 · 2007 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Watson v. Parma Commun. Gen. Hosp., Unpublished Decision (2-16-2006)green
ohioctapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Graber v. Fuquagreen
tex · 2009 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Quinn v. Millsapgreen
scotus · 1989 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Grupo Condumex, S.A. De C v. v. SPX Corp.green
ohnd · 2004 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
State v. Drostegreen
ohio · 1998 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
Valot v. Southeast Local School Districtgreen
ohnd · 1995 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Trandes Corporation v. Guy F. Atkinson Company, and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authoritygreen
ca4 · 1993 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Fenton v. Querygreen
ohioctapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
Myers v. Schieringgreen
ohio · 1971 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (48)

CaseCitedYears
Bruce F. Botsford v. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Montana, Inc. Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association green
ca9 · 2002
2 sentences

2019Botsford v. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Montana, Inc. (2002), 314 F.3d 390 .

2012Botsford v. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Montana, Inc. (2002), 314 F.3d 390 .

32003–2019
Robert Cromwell v. Equicor-Equitable Hca Corp. green
ca6 · 1991
2 sentences

2013As the court in Cromwell, 944 F.2d at 1276 , stated, It is not the label placed on a state law claim that determines whether it is preempted, but whether in essence such a claim is for the recovery of an ERISA plan benefit.

1999Leasher , 96 Ohio App.3d 372 , citing Cromwell v. Equicor-Equitable HCA Corp. (C.A.6, 1991), 944 F.2d 1272 .

31994–2013
Grable & Sons Metal Products, Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Manufacturing green
scotus · 2005
2 sentences

2016Where all four of these requirements are met, we held, jurisdiction is proper because there is a ‘serious federal interest in claiming the advantages thought to be inherent in a federal forum,’ which can be vindicated without disrupting Congress's intended division of labor between state and federal courts.” (Citations omitted.) Id. at 1065 citing Grable & Sons Metal Products, Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Mfg., 545 U.S. 308, 313-314 , 125 S.Ct. 2363 (2005). {¶18} In applying this test to the facts before it, Gunn held that the malpractice suit did not satisfy the third prong, i.e., the federal

2016Where all four of these requirements are met, we held, jurisdiction is proper because there is a ‘serious federal interest in claiming the advantages thought to be inherent in a federal forum,’ which can be vindicated without disrupting Congress's intended division of labor between state and federal courts.” (Citations omitted.) Id. at 1065 citing Grable & Sons Metal Products, Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Mfg., 545 U.S. 308, 313-314 , 125 S.Ct. 2363 (2005). {¶18} In applying this test to the facts before it, Gunn held that the malpractice suit did not satisfy the third prong, i.e., the federal

22009–2016
Scott v. Gulf Oil Corporation green
ca9 · 1985
2 sentences

2004Scott v. Gulf Oil Corp. (C.A. 6, 1985), 754 F.2d 1499 , 1504 .

2003Scott v. Gulf Oil Corp . (6th Cir. 1985), 754 F.2d 1499 .

22003–2004
City of Kettering v. Hollen green
ohio · 1980
2 sentences

1999See State v. Droste (1998), 83 Ohio St.3d 36 , 697 N.E.2d 620 ; Kettering v. Hollen (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 232 , 234-235 , 416 N.E.2d 598 , 600 .

1999See State v. Droste (1998), 83 Ohio St.3d 36 , 697 N.E.2d 620 ; Kettering v. Hollen (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 232 , 234-235 , 416 N.E.2d 598 , 600 .

21999–1999
United States v. Dean S. Hazel, (81-1616), James G. Lott, (81-1630) green
ca6 · 1983
2 sentences

1998Citing United States v. Hazel (C.A.6, 1983), 696 F.2d 473, 475 , appellant contends that due process entitled him to a hearing because he presented sufficient facts to raise a reasonable doubt as to the prosecutor’s purpose.

1998Again, he raises both a federal constitutional claim and a state-law claim. {¶ 42} Citing United States v. Hazel (C.A.6, 1983), 696 F.2d 473, 475 , appellant contends that due process entitled him to a hearing because he presented sufficient facts to raise a reasonable doubt as to the prosecutor’s purpose.

21998–1998
Del Madera Properties v. Rhodes And Gardner, Inc. green
ca9 · 1987
2 sentences

1998Del Madera Properties v. Rhodes & Gardner, Inc. (C.A.9, 1987), 820 F.2d 973 , 977.

1998Del Madera Properties v. Rhodes & Gardner, Inc. (C.A.9, 1987), 820 F.2d 973, 977 .

21998–1998
Allis-Chalmers Corp. v. Lueck green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

1997In AllisChalmers v. Lueck (1985), 471 U.S. 202, 220 , 105 S.Ct. 1904, 1915-1916 , 85 L.Ed.2d 206, 221 , *23 the United States Supreme Court held that when resolution of a state-law claim is substantially dependent upon analysis of the terms of an agreement made between the parties in a labor contract, that claim must either be treated as a Section 301 claim or dismissed as preempted by federal labor-contract law.

1997In AllisChalmers v. Lueck (1985), 471 U.S. 202, 220 , 105 S.Ct. 1904, 1915-1916 , 85 L.Ed.2d 206, 221 , *23 the United States Supreme Court held that when resolution of a state-law claim is substantially dependent upon analysis of the terms of an agreement made between the parties in a labor contract, that claim must either be treated as a Section 301 claim or dismissed as preempted by federal labor-contract law.

21986–1997
Marchetti v. Kalish green
ohio · 1990
1 sentence

2025Id. at 107 . {¶ 38} In another case involving a lethal response on a suicide call, the Tenth District again distinguished between negligence and the reckless conduct necessary to impose liability under R.C. 2744.03(A)(6)(b).

12025–2025
Musa v. Gillett Communications, Inc. green
ohioctapp · 1997
1 sentence

2022Musa v. Gillett Communications, Inc., 119 Ohio App.3d Stark County, Case No. 2021 CA 00133 15 673, 696 N.E.2d 227 (8th Dist.

12022–2022
Biddle v. Warren General Hospital green
ohio · 1999
1 sentence

2020HIPAA does not preempt a state-law claim under our decision in Biddle {¶ 29} In Biddle, we recognized an independent tort for the “unauthorized, unprivileged disclosure to a third party of nonpublic medical information that a physician or hospital has learned within the physician-patient-relationship.” 86 Ohio St.3d 395 , 715 N.E.2d 518 , at paragraph one of the syllabus.

12020–2020
Amanda Lawson-Ross v. Great Lakes Higher Education Corp. green
ca11 · 2020
1 sentence

2020Id. at 919-20 . {¶ 44} Similarly, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit recently held that the HEA did not preempt a student loan borrower's state law claims that a federal student loan servicer made affirmative misrepresentations to the borrower while counseling her on her repayment plan options.

12020–2020
327-42 Findlay, L.L.C. v. Hancock Cty. Bd. of Revision neutral
ohio · 2018
1 sentence

2019But the court determined that Miracle had abandoned Count Three’s wrongful-discharge claim for failure to assert any related assignment of error. {¶ 9} We accepted the state’s discretionary appeal, 153 Ohio St.3d 1402 , 2018-Ohio-2380 , 100 N.E.3d 422 , which presents two propositions of law: 1.

12019–2019
Wilkins v. Harrisburg neutral
ohio · 2018
2 sentences

2019But the court determined that Miracle had abandoned Count Three’s wrongful-discharge claim for failure to assert any related assignment of error. {¶ 9} We accepted the state’s discretionary appeal, 153 Ohio St.3d 1402 , 2018-Ohio-2380 , 100 N.E.3d 422 , which presents two propositions of law: 1.

2019But the court determined that Miracle had abandoned Count Three’s wrongful-discharge claim for failure to assert any related assignment of error. {¶ 9} We accepted the state’s discretionary appeal, 153 Ohio St.3d 1402 , 2018-Ohio-2380 , 100 N.E.3d 422 , which presents two propositions of law: 1.

12019–2019
U.S. ex rel. Berge v. Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama green
ca4 · 1997
1 sentence

2018Berge v. Bd. of Trustees of Univ. of Alabama , 104 F.3d 1453 , 1463 (4th Cir.1997) ; see Wrench at 456 ; N. Am.

12018–2018
Wrench Llc, a Michigan Limited Liability Company Joseph Shields Thomas Rinks v. Taco Bell Corp. green
ca6 · 2001
1 sentence

2018Under 17 U.S.C. 301(a), a state common-law or statutory claim is preempted if: "(1) the work is within the scope of the 'subject matter of copyright,' as specified in 17 U.S.C. §§ 102 and 103 ; and, (2) the rights granted under state law are equivalent to any exclusive rights within the scope of federal copyright law as set out in 17 U.S.C. § 106 ." Wrench LLC v. Taco Bell Corp. , 256 F.3d 446 , 453 (6th Cir.2001) ; see State v. Perry , 83 Ohio St.3d 41 , 42, 697 N.E.2d 624 (1998).

12018–2018
Empire Healthchoice Assurance, Inc. v. McVeigh green
scotus · 2006
12016–2016
Quill Corp. v. North Dakota Ex Rel. Heitkamp red
scotus · 1992
12016–2016
Johnson v. City of Aiken green
ca4 · 2002
12014–2014
CSAHA/UHHS-Canton, Inc. v. Aultman Health Found. green
ohioctapp · 2012
12014–2014
Pyle v. Pyle green
ohioctapp · 1983
12014–2014
Yaklevich v. Kemp, Schaeffer & Rowe Co. green
ohio · 1994
12011–2011
Fred Siegel Co., L.P.A. v. Arter & Hadden green
ohio · 1999
12011–2011
Hood v. Diamond Products, Inc. green
ohio · 1996
12011–2011
Bates v. Dow Agrosciences LLC green
scotus · 2005
12010–2010
Cline v. American Aggregates Corp. green
ohio · 1984
12009–2009
Christianson v. Colt Industries Operating Corp. green
scotus · 1988
12009–2009
Kramer v. Union Free School District No. 15 green
scotus · 1969
12007–2007
Cipriano v. City of Houma green
scotus · 1969
12007–2007
Hill v. Stone green
scotus · 1975
12007–2007
Doctor's Associates, Inc. v. Casarotto green
scotus · 1996
12006–2006
Scherk v. Alberto-Culver Co. green
scotus · 1974
12006–2006
Perry v. Thomas green
scotus · 1987
12006–2006
Pilot Life Insurance v. Dedeaux green
scotus · 1987
12003–2003
Street v. Gerstenslager Co. neutral
ohioctapp · 1995
12002–2002
Graham v. Ohio Board of Bar Examiners green
ohioctapp · 1994
12001–2001
Marion Terwilliger and Doris Terwilliger v. Greyhound Lines, Inc., a Foreign Corporation, and James Shelby, Jointly and Severally, M.J. Jorgensen green
ca6 · 1989
12000–2000
Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises green
ca2 · 1983
11997–1997
Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises green
scotus · 1985
11997–1997
Decoe v. General Motors Corporation green
ca6 · 1994
11995–1995

Statutes the citing opinions construe

USC § 42u.s.c.1983 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 514 (1944–2026) TX 133 (1983–2025) IL 100 (1985–2026) OH 61 (1983–2026) NY 44 (1987–2026) WA 33 (1988–2025) MI 33 (1928–2025) IN 32 (1986–2026) NJ 31 (1989–2024) AL 29 (1981–2023) MA 27 (1978–2024) PA 26 (1982–2026) MD 26 (1984–2025) FL 24 (1987–2025) CO 23 (1989–2025) GA 23 (1982–2023) MO 21 (1903–2025) CT 20 (1991–2022) NC 20 (1987–2025) WI 20 (1980–2025) LA 19 (1974–2025) MT 19 (1987–2020) OR 19 (1982–2026) OK 18 (1991–2025) NM 18 (1990–2022) MN 17 (1961–2014) AZ 17 (1984–2025) KS 16 (1993–2022) VA 16 (1993–2026) SC 14 (1987–2019) KY 13 (1989–2020) IA 13 (1988–2018) WV 11 (1985–2020) TN 11 (1991–2025) ID 11 (1986–2025) MS 10 (1997–2018) DC 10 (1992–2024) ME 9 (1983–2021) NE 8 (1993–2023) HI 8 (1992–2016) AR 7 (1993–2011) AK 7 (1994–2025) UT 7 (1983–2017) WY 6 (1997–2023) SD 5 (1990–2008) ND 5 (1993–2013) DE 4 (2009–2023) VI 3 (2012–2026) VT 3 (1990–2013) RI 2 (1986–1986) NV 2 (1990–2019)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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