federal constitutional standard (New Jersey) · Go Syfert
← New Jersey issues

federal constitutional standard in New Jersey

54 New Jersey opinions name it 2 courts 1967–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (50)

CaseFollowedCited
Chapman v. Californiared
scotus · 1967 · cited in 10 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1970–2020
2 sentences

2020To be sure, "before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt." State v. Castagna, 187 N.J. 293, 312 (2006) (quoting Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 (1967)).

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibility

510
State v. Fritzgreen
nj · 1987 · cited in 7 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1989–2016
2 sentences

2016See Fritz, supra, 105 N.J. at 58 , 519 A.2d 336 (concluding that “[e]ven if we are not constitutionally compelled to adopt the Stricklandr-Cronic test, the development of the law in this area impels” recognition of “the soundness and efficacy of both the substance and formulation of this federal Constitutional standard in defining our own State Constitutional guarantee of effective assistance of counsel”).

2016See Fritz, supra, 105 N.J. at 58 , 519 A.2d 336 (concluding that “[e]ven if we are not constitutionally compelled to adopt the Stricklandr-Cronic test, the development of the law in this area impels” recognition of “the soundness and efficacy of both the substance and formulation of this federal Constitutional standard in defining our own State Constitutional guarantee of effective assistance of counsel”).

57
State v. MacOngreen
nj · 1971 · cited in 6 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1976–2011
2 sentences

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibility

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibility

56
Bordenkircher v. Hayesgreen
scotus · 1978 · cited in 4 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1979–2001
2 sentences

2001Within the limits set by the legislature's constitutionally valid definition of chargeable offenses, "the conscious exercise of some selectivity in enforcement is not in itself a federal constitutional violation" so long as "the selection was [not] deliberately based upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary classification." [ Bordenkircher, supra, 434 U.S. at 364 , 98 S.Ct. at 668 , 54 L.Ed. 2d at 611 ; Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448, 456 , 82 S.Ct. 501 , 7 L.Ed. 2d 446 (1962); see also State v. Bauman, 298 N.J.Super. 176, 201 , 689 A. 2d 173 (App.Div.), certif.

2001Within the limits set by the legislature's constitutionally valid definition of chargeable offenses, "the conscious exercise of some selectivity in enforcement is not in itself a federal constitutional violation" so long as "the selection was [not] deliberately based upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary classification." [ Bordenkircher, supra, 434 U.S. at 364 , 98 S.Ct. at 668 , 54 L.Ed. 2d at 611 ; Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448, 456 , 82 S.Ct. 501 , 7 L.Ed. 2d 446 (1962); see also State v. Bauman, 298 N.J.Super. 176, 201 , 689 A. 2d 173 (App.Div.), certif.

24
Strickland v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–2013
2 sentences

1997In any event, to establish a federal constitutional claim of ineffectiveness of counsel, a defendant must establish that “counsel’s performance was deficient” and that “the deficient performance prejudiced defendant.” Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at 687 , 104 S.Ct. at 2064 , 80 L.Ed.2d at 693 ; see Fritz, supra, 105 N.J. at 58 , 519 A.2d 336 .

1997In any event, to establish a federal constitutional claim of ineffectiveness of counsel, a defendant must establish that “counsel’s performance was deficient” and that “the deficient performance prejudiced defendant.” Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at 687 , 104 S.Ct. at 2064 , 80 L.Ed.2d at 693 ; see Fritz, supra, 105 N.J. at 58 , 519 A.2d 336 .

23
Ferguson v. Skrupagreen
scotus · 1963 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025We conclude it does not, at least when the attorney is engaged in the practice of law. 15 We reject defendants' reliance on Ferguson v. Skrupa, 372 U.S. 726, 727 (1963), in which the United States Supreme Court upheld a restriction on the business of debt adjustment when practiced by attorneys, specifically a Kansas debt adjustment statute that limited the practice of debt adjustments to lawyers "as an incident to the lawful practice of law." The Supreme Court's holding in Ferguson was based on a federal constitutional challenge under the Due Process Clause, not principles of separation of pow

2025We conclude it does not, at least when the attorney is engaged in the practice of law. 15 We reject defendants' reliance on Ferguson v. Skrupa, 372 U.S. 726, 727 (1963), in which the United States Supreme Court upheld a restriction on the business of debt adjustment when practiced by attorneys, specifically a Kansas debt adjustment statute that limited the practice of debt adjustments to lawyers "as an incident to the lawful practice of law." The Supreme Court's holding in Ferguson was based on a federal constitutional challenge under the Due Process Clause, not principles of separation of pow

22
In Re WINSHIPgreen
scotus · 1970 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021The federal constitutional standard derives from the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment guarantee “that no person shall be made to suffer the onus of a criminal conviction except upon sufficient proof -- defined as evidence necessary to convince a trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt of the existence of every element of the offense.” Jackson, 443 U.S. at 316 ; see also In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 364 (1970) (“[T]he Due Process Clause protects 31 the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged.”)

2021The federal constitutional standard derives from the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment guarantee “that no person shall be made to suffer the onus of a criminal conviction except upon sufficient proof -- defined as evidence necessary to convince a trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt of the existence of every element of the offense.” Jackson, 443 U.S. at 316 ; see also In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 364 (1970) (“[T]he Due Process Clause protects 31 the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged.”)

22
Brecht v. Abrahamsongreen
scotus · 1993 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibility

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibility

22
Howard A. Lambert v. State of Montanagreen
ca9 · 1976 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1990–1990
2 sentences

1990Morgan, 564 A. 2d at 6 , citing and quoting Lambert v. Montana, 545 F. 2d 87, 89 (9th Cir.1976).

1990Morgan, 564 A.2d at 6 , citing and quoting Lambert v. Montana, 545 F.2d 87, 89 (9th Cir.1976).

22
Oyler v. Bolesgreen
scotus · 1962 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–2001
2 sentences

2001Within the limits set by the legislature's constitutionally valid definition of chargeable offenses, "the conscious exercise of some selectivity in enforcement is not in itself a federal constitutional violation" so long as "the selection was [not] deliberately based upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary classification." [ Bordenkircher, supra, 434 U.S. at 364 , 98 S.Ct. at 668 , 54 L.Ed. 2d at 611 ; Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448, 456 , 82 S.Ct. 501 , 7 L.Ed. 2d 446 (1962); see also State v. Bauman, 298 N.J.Super. 176, 201 , 689 A. 2d 173 (App.Div.), certif.

2001Within the limits set by the legislature's constitutionally valid definition of chargeable offenses, "the conscious exercise of some selectivity in enforcement is not in itself a federal constitutional violation" so long as "the selection was [not] deliberately based upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary classification." [ Bordenkircher, supra, 434 U.S. at 364 , 98 S.Ct. at 668 , 54 L.Ed. 2d at 611 ; Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448, 456 , 82 S.Ct. 501 , 7 L.Ed. 2d 446 (1962); see also State v. Bauman, 298 N.J.Super. 176, 201 , 689 A. 2d 173 (App.Div.), certif.

13
Gaffney v. Cummingsgreen
scotus · 1973 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1974–2012
2 sentences

2012Gaffney v. Cummings, supra, 412 U.S. at 752 , 93 S.Ct. at 2331 , 37 L.Ed.2d at 312 , footnote 18.

2012Gaffney v. Cummings, supra, 412 U.S. at 752 , 93 S.Ct. at 2331 , 37 L.Ed.2d at 312 , footnote 18.

12
Rice v. Collinsgreen
scotus · 2006 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020Under the federal constitutional analysis, "'[t]he second step of this process does not demand an explanation that is persuasive, or even plausible'; so long as the reason is not inherently discriminatory, it suffices." Rice v. Collins, 546 U.S. 333, 338 (2006) (quoting Purkett v. Elem, 514 U.S. 765, 767-68 (1995) (per curiam)).

11
Purkett v. Elemgreen
scotus · 1995 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020Under the federal constitutional analysis, "'[t]he second step of this process does not demand an explanation that is persuasive, or even plausible'; so long as the reason is not inherently discriminatory, it suffices." Rice v. Collins, 546 U.S. 333, 338 (2006) (quoting Purkett v. Elem, 514 U.S. 765, 767-68 (1995) (per curiam)).

11
State v. Castagnagreen
nj · 2006 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020To be sure, "before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt." State v. Castagna, 187 N.J. 293, 312 (2006) (quoting Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 (1967)).

11
Uhlrig v. Hardergreen
ca10 · 1995 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., Pena v. DePrisco, 432 F.3d 98, 107-10 (2d Cir.2005); Robinson v. Lioi, 536 Fed.Appx. 340, 342 (4th Cir.2013); Jasinski v. Tyler, 729 F.3d 531, 538 (6th Cir.2013); Reed v. Gardner, 986 F.2d 1122, 1126 (7th Cir.1993); Forrester v. Bass, 397 F.3d 1047, 1058 (8th Cir.2005); Kennedy v. City of Ridgefield, 439 F. 3d 1055, 1061 (9th Cir.2006); Uhlrig v. Harder, 64 F.3d 567, 572 (10th Cir.1995); Butera v. District of Columbia, 235 F.3d 637, 652 (D.C.Cir.2001).

11
Butera v. District of Columbiagreen
cadc · 2001 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., Pena v. DePrisco, 432 F.3d 98, 107-10 (2d Cir.2005); Robinson v. Lioi, 536 Fed.Appx. 340, 342 (4th Cir.2013); Jasinski v. Tyler, 729 F.3d 531, 538 (6th Cir.2013); Reed v. Gardner, 986 F.2d 1122, 1126 (7th Cir.1993); Forrester v. Bass, 397 F.3d 1047, 1058 (8th Cir.2005); Kennedy v. City of Ridgefield, 439 F. 3d 1055, 1061 (9th Cir.2006); Uhlrig v. Harder, 64 F.3d 567, 572 (10th Cir.1995); Butera v. District of Columbia, 235 F.3d 637, 652 (D.C.Cir.2001).

11
Reed v. Gardnergreen
ca7 · 1993 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., Pena v. DePrisco, 432 F.3d 98, 107-10 (2d Cir.2005); Robinson v. Lioi, 536 Fed.Appx. 340, 342 (4th Cir.2013); Jasinski v. Tyler, 729 F.3d 531, 538 (6th Cir.2013); Reed v. Gardner, 986 F.2d 1122, 1126 (7th Cir.1993); Forrester v. Bass, 397 F.3d 1047, 1058 (8th Cir.2005); Kennedy v. City of Ridgefield, 439 F. 3d 1055, 1061 (9th Cir.2006); Uhlrig v. Harder, 64 F.3d 567, 572 (10th Cir.1995); Butera v. District of Columbia, 235 F.3d 637, 652 (D.C.Cir.2001).

11
D. Scott Forrester, Conservator of the Estate of Jerry Bass Jerry Bass v. Mary Bass Tony Dixon, Kimberly Rosa Melissa Johnsongreen
ca8 · 2005 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., Pena v. DePrisco, 432 F.3d 98, 107-10 (2d Cir.2005); Robinson v. Lioi, 536 Fed.Appx. 340, 342 (4th Cir.2013); Jasinski v. Tyler, 729 F.3d 531, 538 (6th Cir.2013); Reed v. Gardner, 986 F.2d 1122, 1126 (7th Cir.1993); Forrester v. Bass, 397 F.3d 1047, 1058 (8th Cir.2005); Kennedy v. City of Ridgefield, 439 F. 3d 1055, 1061 (9th Cir.2006); Uhlrig v. Harder, 64 F.3d 567, 572 (10th Cir.1995); Butera v. District of Columbia, 235 F.3d 637, 652 (D.C.Cir.2001).

11
Kennedy v. City of Ridgefieldgreen
ca9 · 2006 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., Pena v. DePrisco, 432 F.3d 98, 107-10 (2d Cir.2005); Robinson v. Lioi, 536 Fed.Appx. 340, 342 (4th Cir.2013); Jasinski v. Tyler, 729 F.3d 531, 538 (6th Cir.2013); Reed v. Gardner, 986 F.2d 1122, 1126 (7th Cir.1993); Forrester v. Bass, 397 F.3d 1047, 1058 (8th Cir.2005); Kennedy v. City of Ridgefield, 439 F. 3d 1055, 1061 (9th Cir.2006); Uhlrig v. Harder, 64 F.3d 567, 572 (10th Cir.1995); Butera v. District of Columbia, 235 F.3d 637, 652 (D.C.Cir.2001).

11
Carlin Robinson v. Daniel Lioigreen
ca4 · 2013 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., Pena v. DePrisco, 432 F.3d 98, 107-10 (2d Cir.2005); Robinson v. Lioi, 536 Fed.Appx. 340, 342 (4th Cir.2013); Jasinski v. Tyler, 729 F.3d 531, 538 (6th Cir.2013); Reed v. Gardner, 986 F.2d 1122, 1126 (7th Cir.1993); Forrester v. Bass, 397 F.3d 1047, 1058 (8th Cir.2005); Kennedy v. City of Ridgefield, 439 F. 3d 1055, 1061 (9th Cir.2006); Uhlrig v. Harder, 64 F.3d 567, 572 (10th Cir.1995); Butera v. District of Columbia, 235 F.3d 637, 652 (D.C.Cir.2001).

11
Rebecca Jasinski v. Sheri Tylergreen
ca6 · 2013 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., Pena v. DePrisco, 432 F.3d 98, 107-10 (2d Cir.2005); Robinson v. Lioi, 536 Fed.Appx. 340, 342 (4th Cir.2013); Jasinski v. Tyler, 729 F.3d 531, 538 (6th Cir.2013); Reed v. Gardner, 986 F.2d 1122, 1126 (7th Cir.1993); Forrester v. Bass, 397 F.3d 1047, 1058 (8th Cir.2005); Kennedy v. City of Ridgefield, 439 F. 3d 1055, 1061 (9th Cir.2006); Uhlrig v. Harder, 64 F.3d 567, 572 (10th Cir.1995); Butera v. District of Columbia, 235 F.3d 637, 652 (D.C.Cir.2001).

11
Pena v. Depriscogreen
· 2005 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See, e.g., Pena v. DePrisco, 432 F.3d 98, 107-10 (2d Cir.2005); Robinson v. Lioi, 536 Fed.Appx. 340, 342 (4th Cir.2013); Jasinski v. Tyler, 729 F.3d 531, 538 (6th Cir.2013); Reed v. Gardner, 986 F.2d 1122, 1126 (7th Cir.1993); Forrester v. Bass, 397 F.3d 1047, 1058 (8th Cir.2005); Kennedy v. City of Ridgefield, 439 F. 3d 1055, 1061 (9th Cir.2006); Uhlrig v. Harder, 64 F.3d 567, 572 (10th Cir.1995); Butera v. District of Columbia, 235 F.3d 637, 652 (D.C.Cir.2001).

11
United States v. Cronicgreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013This second prong was reiterated by the Supreme Court in Cronic, supra, 466 U.S. at 658, 104 S.Ct. at 2046 , 80 L.Ed.2d at 667 , with the caveat that there are “circumstances that are so likely to prejudice the accused that the cost of litigating their effect in a particular case is unjustified.” 5 With the exception of the unusual setting in which prejudice to the defendant is self-evident, a defendant must make a showing of prejudice to meet the federal constitutional standard.

2013This second prong was reiterated by the Supreme Court in Cronic, supra, 466 U.S. at 658, 104 S.Ct. at 2046 , 80 L.Ed.2d at 667 , with the caveat that there are “circumstances that are so likely to prejudice the accused that the cost of litigating their effect in a particular case is unjustified.” 5 With the exception of the unusual setting in which prejudice to the defendant is self-evident, a defendant must make a showing of prejudice to meet the federal constitutional standard.

11
Bell v. Conegreen
scotus · 2002 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Bell v. Cone, 535 U.S. 685, 695-96 , 122 S.Ct. 1843, 1850-51 , 152 L.Ed.2d 914, 927-28 (2002) (recognizing Cronic’s three presumed prejudice scenarios: complete denial of counsel, failure to subject State’s case to meaningful adversarial testing and inability of any counsel to provide competent assistance under certain circumstances).

2013Bell v. Cone, 535 U.S. 685, 695-96 , 122 S.Ct. 1843, 1850-51 , 152 L.Ed.2d 914, 927-28 (2002) (recognizing Cronic’s three presumed prejudice scenarios: complete denial of counsel, failure to subject State’s case to meaningful adversarial testing and inability of any counsel to provide competent assistance under certain circumstances).

11
State v. Branchgreen
nj · 2005 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
Colorado v. Connellygreen
scotus · 1986 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Dickerson v. United Statesred
scotus · 2000 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Johnson v. Yurickgreen
ca3 · 2002 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Johnson v. Yurickgreen
njd · 2001 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Karins v. City of Atlantic Citygreen
nj · 1998 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
State v. Baumangreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1997 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
In re the Division of Criminal Justice State Investigatorsgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1996 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
State v. Baumangreen
nj · 1997 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
United States v. Goodwingreen
scotus · 1982 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
Hunter v. City of Pittsburghgreen
· 1907 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Gilmore v. Taylorgreen
scotus · 1993 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Foucha v. Louisianagreen
scotus · 1992 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Parham v. J. R.green
scotus · 1979 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Vitek v. Jonesgreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Blockburger v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1931 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (30)

CaseCitedYears
Jackson v. Virginia red
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

2021The federal constitutional standard derives from the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment guarantee “that no person shall be made to suffer the onus of a criminal conviction except upon sufficient proof -- defined as evidence necessary to convince a trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt of the existence of every element of the offense.” Jackson, 443 U.S. at 316 ; see also In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 364 (1970) (“[T]he Due Process Clause protects 31 the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged.”)

2021The federal constitutional standard derives from the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment guarantee “that no person shall be made to suffer the onus of a criminal conviction except upon sufficient proof -- defined as evidence necessary to convince a trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt of the existence of every element of the offense.” Jackson, 443 U.S. at 316 ; see also In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 364 (1970) (“[T]he Due Process Clause protects 31 the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged.”)

22021–2021
State v. Smith green
nj · 1994
2 sentences

2015Ed. 2d at 336-37 ; Smith, supra, 134 N.J. at 610-11 .5 In declaring this new federal constitutional principle, the Mimms Court was not clear whether it applied to all occupants of a vehicle.

2015Ed. 2d at 336-37 ; Smith, supra, 134 N.J. at 610-11 .5 In declaring this new federal constitutional principle, the Mimms Court was not clear whether it applied to all occupants of a vehicle.

22015–2015
State v. Daniels green
nj · 2004
2 sentences

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibility

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt”); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibility

22011–2011
State v. Gross green
nj · 1990
2 sentences

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed. 2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt"); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibilit

2011See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 , 17 L.Ed. 2d 705, 710 (1967), overruled on other grounds by Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 , 113 S.Ct. 1710 , 123 L.Ed. 2d 353 (1993) ("before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt"); State v. Daniels, 182 N.J. 80 , 861 A.2d 808 (2004); State v. Macon, 57 N.J. 325, 335 , 273 A.2d 1 (1971) ("No matter how a test may be stated, the question whether an error is reason for reversal depends finally upon some degree of possibilit

22011–2011
Benton v. Maryland green
scotus · 1969
2 sentences

1997Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969).

1997Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969).

21980–1997
Morgan v. Foretich green
dc · 1989
2 sentences

1990Morgan, 564 A. 2d at 6 , citing and quoting Lambert v. Montana, 545 F. 2d 87, 89 (9th Cir.1976).

1990Morgan, 564 A.2d at 6 , citing and quoting Lambert v. Montana, 545 F.2d 87, 89 (9th Cir.1976).

21990–1990
State v. Muhammad green
nj · 2005
12009–2009
State v. Presha green
nj · 2000
12009–2009
State v. O'NEILL green
nj · 2007
12009–2009
Whitburn v. Addis green
scotus · 1999
12005–2005
Bilzerian v. United States green
scotus · 1999
12005–2005
Swartz v. Internal Revenue Service green
scotus · 1999
12005–2005
cluster 766366 green
ca3 · 1999
12005–2005
Binkowski v. State green
njsuperctappdiv · 1999
12005–2005
Hamilton Amusement Center v. Verniero green
nj · 1998
12005–2005
State v. Davis green
nj · 1989
12002–2002
United States v. Gaudin green
scotus · 1995
11999–1999
State v. Preciose green
nj · 1992
11997–1997
Payne v. Tennessee green
scotus · 1991
11996–1996
State v. Coyle green
nj · 1990
11996–1996
State v. Sutton green
nj · 1979
11995–1995
Yick Wo v. Hopkins green
scotus · 1886
11995–1995
Cannon v. United States green
scotus · 1886
11995–1995
United States v. Dixon green
scotus · 1993
11994–1994
State v. Coleman green
nj · 1965
11990–1990
cluster 269278 green
ca3 · 1965
11990–1990
Willie Lawrence Celestine v. Frank Blackburn, Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary green
ca5 · 1984
11988–1988
Boyd v. United States red
scotus · 1886
11986–1986
Seymour v. United States green
scotus · 1967
11982–1982
Berger v. New York green
scotus · 1967
11982–1982

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NJ § N.J. Stat. § 2C:11-3 (4) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 2C:35-10 (4) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 2C:11-2 (3) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 2C:11-4 (3) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 2C:11-5 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 589 (1966–2026) TX 294 (1968–2026) CT 150 (1966–2026) OR 123 (1967–2026) IN 104 (1969–2026) NY 86 (1967–2025) KS 84 (1969–2024) PA 80 (1967–2025) IL 74 (1967–2026) VA 73 (1920–2026) WA 69 (1961–2025) GA 58 (1976–2025) NJ 54 (1967–2025) OH 53 (1968–2025) AL 50 (1947–2024) NH 48 (1983–2017) LA 45 (1969–2018) KY 44 (1968–2025) UT 44 (1988–2025) MI 43 (1966–2025) MD 39 (1962–2024) ND 38 (1964–2025) NC 38 (1971–2024) MO 37 (1958–2020) IA 37 (1974–2023) TN 32 (1970–2025) ID 32 (1970–2021) MA 31 (1967–2025) FL 31 (1936–2025) OK 29 (1962–2025) MT 27 (1971–2010) NM 27 (1967–2025) CO 25 (1970–2026) AZ 25 (1971–2021) DC 25 (1968–2022) WI 24 (1967–2026) MN 24 (1969–2024) MS 24 (1983–2012) AK 20 (1969–2026) RI 19 (1968–2008) WY 17 (1977–2019) WV 17 (1978–2025) AR 15 (1978–2018) ME 13 (1973–2025) SD 13 (1977–2022) SC 11 (1987–2025) NV 10 (1967–2022) VT 10 (1978–2015) NE 10 (1982–2023) HI 9 (1973–2024) DE 7 (1971–2022) VI 4 (2010–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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