detailed analysis (Ohio) · Go Syfert
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detailed analysis in Ohio

60 Ohio opinions name it 3 courts 1953–2026 13 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (16)

CaseFollowedCited
STOLZ v. J & B STEEL ERECTORS, INC., Et Al.green
ohio · 2018 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See Stolz v. J & B Steel Erectors, Inc., 155 Ohio St.3d 567 , 2018-Ohio-5088 , 122 N.E.3d 1228, ¶ 44 (Fischer, J., concurring) (noting that it is proper that the court “does not conduct an analysis of unraised arguments”). {¶ 58} While Carter’s failure to develop a detailed claim under the Confrontation Clause of Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution precludes our review of that issue, it is hard to lay the blame solely on his shoulders.

2024See Stolz v. J & B Steel Erectors, Inc., 155 Ohio St.3d 567 , 2018-Ohio-5088 , 122 N.E.3d 1228, ¶ 44 (Fischer, J., concurring) (noting that it is proper that the court “does not conduct an analysis of unraised arguments”). {¶ 58} While Carter’s failure to develop a detailed claim under the Confrontation Clause of Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution precludes our review of that issue, it is hard to lay the blame solely on his shoulders.

22
Haverlack v. Portage Homes, Inc.green
ohio · 1982 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001See Haverlack v. Portage Homes, Inc. (1982), 2 Ohio St.3d 26 , 2 OBR 572, 442 N.E.2d 749 ; Enghauser Mfg.

2001See Haverlack v. Portage Homes, Inc. (1982), 2 Ohio St.3d 26 , 2 OBR 572, 442 N.E.2d 749 ; Enghauser Mfg.

22
State v. Bethel (Slip Opinion)green
ohio · 2022 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See Bethel at ¶ 41 (Until a court “grants leave to file a motion for a new trial, the motion for a new trial is not properly before the court.”). {¶ 30} Based on the foregoing, appellant’s first, second, and third assignments of error are not well-taken and are overruled. {¶ 31} Appellant’s fourth assignment sets forth no separate argument, and his statement of assignment of error provides that, although he “did state a justiciable claim pursuant to R.C. 149.43(B)(8)[,] appellant is going to refile this issue with the trial court and provide a detailed claim . . . [s]o review at this time is n

11
Rickey I. Kanter v. William P. Barrgreen
ca7 · 2019 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020In the words of Judge Barrett, founding-era “legislatures disqualified categories of people from the right to bear arms only when they judged that doing so was necessary to protect the public safety.” Kanter, 919 F.3d at 451 (Barrett, J., dissenting).

11
State v. Jackson (Slip Opinion)green
ohio · 2014 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See Jackson, 141 Ohio St.3d 171 , 2014-Ohio-3707 , 23 N.E.3d 1023, at ¶ 211-234 . {¶45} We recognize that Dr. Brams’s evaluation report was outside the record and, therefore, not available during Jackson’s direct appeal.

2017See Jackson, 141 Ohio St.3d 171 , 2014-Ohio-3707 , 23 N.E.3d 1023, at ¶ 211-234 . {¶45} We recognize that Dr. Brams’s evaluation report was outside the record and, therefore, not available during Jackson’s direct appeal.

11
United States v. John Burton Moodygreen
ca6 · 1967 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016See, also, United States v. Moody (C.A.6, 1967), 371 F.2d 688, 693 (“With the door opened this widely in favor of [defendant], we cannot say that the District Judge’s rulings in favor of appellee’s proffered hearsay on the same subject was an abuse of judicial discretion or constituted reversible error.”); State v. Croom (Jan. 18, 1996), 8th Dist.

11
State v. Owengreen
ohioctapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
State v. Bodykegreen
ohio · 2010 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
State v. Baldwin, 2006ca00076 (7-9-2007)green
ohioctapp · 2007 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Miller v. Millergreen
ohio · 1988 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Harris v. Harrisgreen
ohioctapp · 1995 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Szerlip v. Szerlipgreen
ohioctapp · 1998 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Davis v. Millergreen
kan · 2000 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11
Jenkins v. City of Gallipolisgreen
ohioctapp · 1998 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
Kitchens v. McKaygreen
ohioctapp · 1987 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
Bostic v. Connorgreen
ohio · 1988 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (56)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Dunivant, Unpublished Decision (3-28-2005) green
ohioctapp · 2005
2 sentences

2016Delaware County, Case No. 15CAA 0077 18 {¶55} In State v. Dunivant, Stark App. No. 2003CA00175, 2005-Ohio-1497 , the Ninth District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment for this Court, provided a detailed analysis of the issue sub judice: “Under the rule of curative admissibility, or the ‘opening the door’ doctrine, the introduction of inadmissible evidence by one party allows an opponent, in the court’s discretion, to introduce evidence on the same issue to rebut any false impression that might have resulted from the earlier admission.” United States v. Whitworth (C.A.9, 1988), 856 F.2d 12

2009You started developing information as to where from there Marcellus Hudson would have gone or where he could be; is that fair? {¶ 116} "A. Yes." Trial Transcript at 359-360. {¶ 117} Appellant claims that without an opportunity to confront Sherrell, he was deprived of his Sixth Amendment rights in violation of the rule announced in Crawford v. Washington (2004), 541 U.S. 36 , 124 S.Ct. 1354 . {¶ 118} The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, in pertinent part: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right * * * to be confronted with the witnesses against h

32008–2016
Erwin v. Erwin, Unpublished Decision (4-4-2005) green
ohioctapp · 2005
2 sentences

2009No. 14-04-37, 2005-Ohio-1603 , ¶ 12 , citing Hall v. Hall , 3d Dist.

2007However, "a trial court may substantially comply with R.C. 3109.04 (D)(1)(a)(iii), without providing a detailed analysis, if its reasons for approval or denial of the shared parenting plan are apparent from the record." Erwin , 2005-Ohio-1603 , ¶ 12 , referencing Hall v. Hall (1997), 3d Dist.

32006–2009
Fergus v. Fergus green
ohioctapp · 1997
2 sentences

2011Our -5- review is limited to the equity, i.e., fairness * * *.''' Hiscox, supra at ¶53 , quoting, Fergus v. Fergus (1997), 117 Ohio App.3d 432, 438 , 690 N.E.2d 949 . {¶16} John first contends that the trial court did not articulate the reasons behind its property division determination.

2011Our -5- review is limited to the equity, i.e., fairness * * *.''' Hiscox, supra at ¶53 , quoting, Fergus v. Fergus (1997), 117 Ohio App.3d 432, 438 , 690 N.E.2d 949 . {¶16} John first contends that the trial court did not articulate the reasons behind its property division determination.

22008–2011
Robert TINKER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO., Defendant-Appellee green
ca6 · 1997
2 sentences

2010Tinker v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. (C.A.6, 1997), 127 F.3d 519, 524 . -24- Case No. 1-09-59 {¶42} Even without a detailed analysis of what the hiring statistics would have been if those eight operators had not been included in the pool, we find the following statistics concerning the ages of the employees who were hired further negate Frick’s claims that Appellees had a discriminatory animus against older workers.

2010Tinker v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. (C.A.6, 1997), 127 F.3d 519, 524 . -24- Case No. 1-09-58 {¶41} Even without a detailed analysis of what the hiring statistics would have been if those eight operators had not been included in the pool, we find the following statistics concerning the ages of the employees who were hired further negate Miller’s claims that Appellees had a discriminatory animus against older workers.

22010–2010
Crawford v. Washington green
scotus · 2004
2 sentences

2009You started developing information as to where from there Marcellus Hudson would have gone or where he could be; is that fair? {¶ 116} "A. Yes." Trial Transcript at 359-360. {¶ 117} Appellant claims that without an opportunity to confront Sherrell, he was deprived of his Sixth Amendment rights in violation of the rule announced in Crawford v. Washington (2004), 541 U.S. 36 , 124 S.Ct. 1354 . {¶ 118} The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, in pertinent part: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right * * * to be confronted with the witnesses against h

2009You started developing information as to where from there Marcellus Hudson would have gone or where he could be; is that fair? {¶ 116} "A. Yes." Trial Transcript at 359-360. {¶ 117} Appellant claims that without an opportunity to confront Sherrell, he was deprived of his Sixth Amendment rights in violation of the rule announced in Crawford v. Washington (2004), 541 U.S. 36 , 124 S.Ct. 1354 . {¶ 118} The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, in pertinent part: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right * * * to be confronted with the witnesses against h

22008–2009
Ohio v. Roberts red
scotus · 1980
2 sentences

2009You started developing information as to where from there Marcellus Hudson would have gone or where he could be; is that fair? {¶ 116} "A. Yes." Trial Transcript at 359-360. {¶ 117} Appellant claims that without an opportunity to confront Sherrell, he was deprived of his Sixth Amendment rights in violation of the rule announced in Crawford v. Washington (2004), 541 U.S. 36 , 124 S.Ct. 1354 . {¶ 118} The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, in pertinent part: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right * * * to be confronted with the witnesses against h

2009You started developing information as to where from there Marcellus Hudson would have gone or where he could be; is that fair? {¶ 116} "A. Yes." Trial Transcript at 359-360. {¶ 117} Appellant claims that without an opportunity to confront Sherrell, he was deprived of his Sixth Amendment rights in violation of the rule announced in Crawford v. Washington (2004), 541 U.S. 36 , 124 S.Ct. 1354 . {¶ 118} The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, in pertinent part: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right * * * to be confronted with the witnesses against h

22008–2009
Zimmerman v. St. Peter's Catholic Church green
ohioctapp · 1993
2 sentences

2008Peter's Catholic Church (1993), 87 Ohio App.3d 752 , 757 , 622 N.E.2d 1184 . {¶ 34} Based upon the rule of law announced in Chambers , the Second District Court of Appeals in Zimmerman held that the violation of an administrative regulation can constitute negligence per se if the regulation provides a specific and detailed requirement, and does not require the intervention of human judgment or decision-making for compliance.

2008Peter's Catholic Church (1993), 87 Ohio App.3d 752 , 757 , 622 N.E.2d 1184 . {¶ 34} Based upon the rule of law announced in Chambers , the Second District Court of Appeals in Zimmerman held that the violation of an administrative regulation can constitute negligence per se if the regulation provides a specific and detailed requirement, and does not require the intervention of human judgment or decision-making for compliance.

21995–2008
State v. Deal green
ohio · 1969
2 sentences

2003In support of his argument, defendant relies on the Ohio Supreme Court's decision in State v. Deal (1969), 17 Ohio St.2d 17 , as well as two decisions from this court, State v. VanMeter (July 11, 1985), Franklin App. No. 84AP-987, and State v. Prater (1990), 71 Ohio App.3d 78 . {¶ 13} In Deal, supra, the Supreme Court of Ohio held that where an indigent defendant questions the effectiveness and adequacy of assigned counsel, the trial court is obligated to inquire into the complaint and make such inquiry a part of the record.

2003In support of his argument, defendant relies on the Ohio Supreme Court's decision in State v. Deal (1969), 17 Ohio St.2d 17 , as well as two decisions from this court, State v. VanMeter (July 11, 1985), Franklin App. No. 84AP-987, and State v. Prater (1990), 71 Ohio App.3d 78 . {¶ 13} In Deal, supra, the Supreme Court of Ohio held that where an indigent defendant questions the effectiveness and adequacy of assigned counsel, the trial court is obligated to inquire into the complaint and make such inquiry a part of the record.

22003–2003
State v. Armstead green
ohioctapp · 2026
1 sentence

2026Persuasive Authority {¶42} Although ERMPT has not yet been squarely addressed in a controlling decision, recent appellate authority interpreting Ohio’s mandatory sentencing framework strongly supports the conclusion that reduction mechanisms cannot apply to mandatory prison terms. {¶43} In State v. Armstead, 2026-Ohio-999 (10th Dist.), the Tenth District conducted a detailed analysis of what constitutes a “mandatory prison term” under Ohio law and, more importantly, what that designation requires.

12026–2026
State v. Adams (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2015
1 sentence

2025The court extensively and methodically examined each claim individually. {¶ 23} With respect to the preindictment delay claim, the court found that Williams’ counsel’s (who filed the motion to withdraw) application of State v. Adams, 2015-Ohio-3954 , that “‘[a] delay becomes presumptively prejudicial as it approaches one year in length’” in connection with a preindictment delay was “an incorrect reading of Adams.” The trial court then quoted what the Adams court stated: “‘Unlike a Sixth Amendment speedy-trial claim, no presumption of prejudice arises in the due-process context when a preindict

12025–2025
State v. Hartman (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2020
2 sentences

2024In State v. Hartman, 161 Ohio St.3d 214 , 2020-Ohio-4440 , 161 N.E.3d 651 , the Ohio Supreme Court provided a detailed framework for considering the admissibility of other-acts evidence under Evid.R. 404(B). {¶67} At step one, the court must require the proponent of the evidence to identify a specific purpose from those enumerated in Evid.R. 404(B) for which the evidence is being admitted and then assess the relevance of the proffered evidence to that purpose.

2024In State v. Hartman, 161 Ohio St.3d 214 , 2020-Ohio-4440 , 161 N.E.3d 651 , the Ohio Supreme Court provided a detailed framework for considering the admissibility of other-acts evidence under Evid.R. 404(B). {¶67} At step one, the court must require the proponent of the evidence to identify a specific purpose from those enumerated in Evid.R. 404(B) for which the evidence is being admitted and then assess the relevance of the proffered evidence to that purpose.

12024–2024
United States v. Erick Williams green
ca6 · 2024
1 sentence

2024Id. at 101-105. {¶32} The Sixth Circuit recently provided a detailed framework for as-applied challenges to 922(g)(1) in United States v. Williams, 113 F.4th 637 (6th Cir. 2024).

12024–2024
Calypso Asset Mgt., L.L.C. v. 180 Indus., L.L.C. green
ohioctapp · 2024
2 sentences

2024Finally, 180 Industrial filed a third [Cite as Calypso Asset Mgt., L.L.C. v. 180 Indus., L.L.C., 2024-Ohio-2339 .] Franklin County, Case No. 22AP-718 14 request for sanctions in the amount of $298,000.00 against Brunner Quinn, Calypso, and Alterra, jointly and severally, aptly comparing the sanctions portion of this case to Charles Dickens’ Bleak House.1 {¶15} The trial court engaged in a detailed analysis in which it reconsidered the award of sanctions in light of the CAM III decision, and thus complied with the second prong of the CAM III court’s instruction. {¶16} The trial court has broad

2024On October 5, 2022, the trial court issued a Decision on Sanctions Motions in which it conducted a detailed analysis of the frivolous conduct and sanctions issues, noting that the purpose of [Cite as Calypso Asset Mgt., L.L.C. v. 180 Indus., L.L.C., 2024-Ohio-2339 .] Franklin County, Case No. 22AP-718 8 sanctions is to “deter abuse of the judicial process, and discourage egregious, overzealous, unjustifiable and frivolous actions.” Following a detailed analysis of the issues, the trial court held: While CAM was found to have brought a frivolous claim in Calypso II, the fees-shifting provision

12024–2024
State v. [C.W.] green
ohioctapp · 2018
1 sentence

2023Id.

12023–2023
City of Norwood v. Horney green
ohio · 2006
1 sentence

2023For example, respondents rely on Norwood v. Horney, 110 Ohio St.3d 353 , 2006-Ohio-3799 , ¶ 1 but Norwood dealt with a municipality “taking [] an individual’s property by eminent domain and transferring the property to a private entity for redevelopment.” -17- Case Nos. 14-23-18, 14-23-19, 14-23-20, 14-23-21 14-23-22, 14-23-23, 14-23-24, 14-23-25 {¶35} While respondents may have preferred a more detailed analysis, a trial court under Burns is only required to make specific findings concerning the challenged terms, and that was specifically done here.

12023–2023
State v. Bonnell (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2014
2 sentences

2023The court imposed maximum sentences for each offense, and went on to order that each of those sentences be served consecutively: Pursuant to State versus Bonnell, cited at 140 Ohio St. 3d 209 , also 2014-Ohio-3177 , at Paragraph 22 of that decision.

2023The court imposed maximum sentences for each offense, and went on to order that each of those sentences be served consecutively: Pursuant to State versus Bonnell, cited at 140 Ohio St. 3d 209 , also 2014-Ohio-3177 , at Paragraph 22 of that decision.

12023–2023
League of Women Voters of Ohio v. Ohio Redistricting Comm. (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2022
1 sentence

2022For a more detailed analysis of these provisions, see LWV I, ___ Ohio St.3d ___, 2022-Ohio-65 , ___ N.E.3d ___, at ¶ 193-200 (Kennedy, J., dissenting). {¶ 115} The subjective map-drawing requirements include the standards that the members of the commission keep in mind when drawing a plan.

12022–2022
Benton v. Maryland green
scotus · 1969
2 sentences

2021We stated: The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that no person shall "be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." This protection applies to Ohio citizens through the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969), and is additionally guaranteed by the Ohio Constitution, Article I, Section 10.

2021We stated: The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that no person shall "be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." This protection applies to Ohio citizens through the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 , 89 S.Ct. 2056 , 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969), and is additionally guaranteed by the Ohio Constitution, Article I, Section 10.

12021–2021
Werden v. Crawford green
ohio · 1982
2 sentences

2020The Ohio Supreme Court has held that “Civ.R. 52, requiring separate findings of fact and conclusions of law upon timely request, applies to change of custody proceedings[.]” Werden [v. Crawford], 70 Ohio St.2d 122 ,] at 124 [ 435 N.E.2d 424 (1982)].

2020The Ohio Supreme Court has held that “Civ.R. 52, requiring separate findings of fact and conclusions of law upon timely request, applies to change of custody proceedings[.]” Werden [v. Crawford], 70 Ohio St.2d 122 ,] at 124 [ 435 N.E.2d 424 (1982)].

12020–2020
State v. Delmanzo, 2007-L-218 (11-3-2008) green
ohioctapp · 2008
1 sentence

2019Lake No. 2007-L-218, 2008-Ohio-5856, ¶23 . {¶19} At sentencing, the trial court engaged in a detailed analysis of the R.C. 2929.12 factors.

12019–2019
Cromer v. Children's Hosp. Med. Ctr. of Akron (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2015
1 sentence

2019Ctr. of Akron, 142 Ohio St.3d 257 , 2015-Ohio- 229, the Supreme Court gave a detailed analysis to explain why foreseeability is a general consideration.

12019–2019
State v. D. H. green
ohioctapp · 2015
1 sentence

2017No. 26383, 2015-Ohio-3259, ¶ 17 , the Second District implied that a court considering relinquishing jurisdiction should have performed a detailed analysis of the programs available to rehabilitate the child in the juvenile system before concluding that the child could not be rehabilitated in the juvenile system.

12017–2017
United States v. Jerry Alfred Whitworth green
ca9 · 1988
1 sentence

2016Delaware County, Case No. 15CAA 0077 18 {¶55} In State v. Dunivant, Stark App. No. 2003CA00175, 2005-Ohio-1497 , the Ninth District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment for this Court, provided a detailed analysis of the issue sub judice: “Under the rule of curative admissibility, or the ‘opening the door’ doctrine, the introduction of inadmissible evidence by one party allows an opponent, in the court’s discretion, to introduce evidence on the same issue to rebut any false impression that might have resulted from the earlier admission.” United States v. Whitworth (C.A.9, 1988), 856 F.2d 12

12016–2016
Jackson v. Greger green
ohio · 2006
1 sentence

2016However, it found that the State’s argument that the documents contained work product was “compelling.” Citing Civ.R. 26(B)(3) and Jackson v. Greger, 110 Ohio St.3d 488 , 2006-Ohio-4968 , 854 N.E.2d 487 , the court observed that Riverside was required to show good cause to compel the production of documents prepared in anticipation of litigation by another party or its representative.

12016–2016
Muckensturm v. Muckensturm neutral
ohioctapp · 2012
12013–2013
Hai v. Flower Hospital, L-07-1423 (10-10-2008) green
ohioctapp · 2008
12012–2012
Bobby v. Van Hook green
scotus · 2009
12011–2011
Blakemore v. Blakemore green
ohio · 1983
12010–2010
Wedemeyer v. U.S.S. F.D.R. (CV-42) Reunion Assn. green
ohioctapp · 2010
12010–2010
State v. Guilbert green
· 1897
12009–2009
Kaechele v. Kaechele green
ohio · 1988
12008–2008
Masters v. Masters green
ohio · 1994
12008–2008
In Re Christner, Unpublished Decision (8-6-2004) green
ohioctapp · 2004
12007–2007
State v. Foster green
ohio · 2006
12007–2007
In Re Kindred, Unpublished Decision (7-2-2004) green
ohioctapp · 2004
12007–2007
Maas v. Penn Central Corp., Unpublished Decision (12-23-2004) green
ohioctapp · 2004
12007–2007
State v. Blake, Unpublished Decision (1-5-2007) neutral
ohioctapp · 2007
12007–2007
Grava v. Parkman Township green
ohio · 1995
12004–2004
In Re All Kelley & Ferraro Asbestos Cases green
ohioctapp · 2003
12003–2003
State v. Edmonson green
ohio · 1999
12003–2003

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.11 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.14 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2953.08 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2907.03 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.12 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.13 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 3105.18 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2907.02 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2923.13 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.20 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2953.21 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 3105.171 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 155 (1945–2026) TX 133 (1933–2026) NY 108 (1939–2025) IL 67 (1922–2026) OH 60 (1953–2026) WV 56 (1976–2026) NJ 52 (1963–2026) FL 48 (1932–2026) PA 48 (1956–2025) MI 44 (1965–2025) MS 44 (1956–2025) CT 43 (1969–2024) WA 38 (1968–2024) AL 38 (1946–2024) MD 34 (1968–2022) IN 30 (1888–2025) GA 29 (1943–2025) KY 29 (1931–2025) LA 28 (1954–2021) MO 27 (1905–2023) NC 26 (1975–2020) KS 26 (1927–2024) MA 23 (1975–2024) VA 21 (1981–2026) NM 19 (1974–2024) WI 19 (1974–2025) AZ 18 (1957–2023) OK 17 (1954–2025) MN 16 (1968–2016) CO 16 (1964–2025) TN 16 (1958–2021) DC 15 (1958–2016) UT 15 (1938–2021) IA 15 (1963–2026) NE 12 (1897–2026) VT 12 (1987–2023) MT 11 (2003–2022) ID 11 (1951–2024) WY 11 (1989–2024) NV 9 (1968–2018) OR 9 (1978–2015) ND 9 (1986–2019) SD 8 (1984–2020) ME 8 (1953–2023) DE 8 (1986–2025) HI 7 (1974–2025) AK 6 (1980–2016) RI 6 (1971–2016) SC 5 (1995–2025) VI 4 (1981–2025) NH 4 (1957–2022) PR 2 (1963–1963)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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