reasonable doubt error in North Carolina

86 North Carolina opinions name it 3 courts 1898–2023 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by North Carolina courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (34)

Case	Followed	Cited
Delaware v. Van Arsdallgreen scotus · 1986 · cited in 4 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1986–2020 2 sentences 2020App. 204, 214 , 683 S.E.2d 437, 444 (2009) (citation omitted). [The test] is whether it appears “beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.” [S]ee Delaware v[.] Van Arsdall, [ 475 U.S. 673, 681 , 89 L. 2020App. 204, 214 , 683 S.E.2d 437, 444 (2009) (citation omitted). [The test] is whether it appears “beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.” [S]ee Delaware v[.] Van Arsdall, [ 475 U.S. 673, 681 , 89 L.	3	4
State v. Grahamgreen ncctapp · 2009 · cited in 3 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020 2 sentences 2020App. 204, 214 , 683 S.E.2d 437, 444 (2009) (citation omitted). [The test] is whether it appears “beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.” [S]ee Delaware v[.] Van Arsdall, [ 475 U.S. 673, 681 , 89 L. 2020App. 204, 214 , 683 S.E.2d 437, 444 (2009) (citation omitted). [The test] is whether it appears “beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.” [S]ee Delaware v[.] Van Arsdall, [ 475 U.S. 673, 681 , 89 L.	3	3
State v. McKoygreen nc · 1990 · cited in 3 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1991–1994 2 sentences 1994State v. McKoy, 327 N.C. 31, 44 , 394 S.E.2d 426, 433 (1990). 1994State v. McKoy, 327 N.C. 31, 44 , 394 S.E.2d 426, 433 (1990).	2	3
State v. Wilsongreen ncctapp · 2008 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020 2 sentences 2020HAMER McGEE, C.J., dissenting harmless error analysis applied—this Court could “sustain the defendant’s conviction only if the State prove[d] beyond a reasonable doubt that the error in the defendant’s case was harmless.” Id. at 369, 665 S.E.2d at 756 (citations omitted). 2020HAMER McGEE, C.J., dissenting harmless error analysis applied—this Court could “sustain the defendant’s conviction only if the State prove[d] beyond a reasonable doubt that the error in the defendant’s case was harmless.” Id. at 369, 665 S.E.2d at 756 (citations omitted).	2	2
Matter of Montgomerygreen nc · 1984 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2003–2007 2 sentences 2007App. 198, 203 , 580 S.E.2d 399, 403 (2003) (citing In re Montgomery, 311 N.C. 101, 109-10 , 316 S.E.2d 246, 252 (1984)). 2007App. 198, 203 , 580 S.E.2d 399, 403 (2003) (citing In re Montgomery, 311 N.C. 101, 109-10 , 316 S.E.2d 246, 252 (1984)).	2	2
State v. Johnsongreen sc · 1991 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1992–1994 2 sentences 1994See Parker v. Alabama, 587 So.2d 1072, 1085 (Ala.Crim.App.1991); South Carolina v. Johnson [ 306 S.C. 119 ] 410 S.E.2d 547, 554 (S.C.1991), petition for cert. filed [ ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 1691 , 118 L.Ed.2d 404 ] (26 February 1992) (U.S. No. 91-7474) [footnote omitted]. [3] Hudson, 331 N.C. at 142-43 , 415 S.E.2d at 742-43 . 1994See Parker v. Alabama, 587 So.2d 1072, 1085 (Ala.Crim.App.1991); South Carolina v. Johnson [ 306 S.C. 119 ] 410 S.E.2d 547, 554 (S.C.1991), petition for cert. filed [ ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 1691 , 118 L.Ed.2d 404 ] (26 February 1992) (U.S. No. 91-7474) [footnote omitted]. [3] Hudson, 331 N.C. at 142-43 , 415 S.E.2d at 742-43 .	2	2
Parker v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1991 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1992–1994 2 sentences 1994See Parker v. Alabama, 587 So.2d 1072, 1085 (Ala.Crim.App.1991); South Carolina v. Johnson [ 306 S.C. 119 ] 410 S.E.2d 547, 554 (S.C.1991), petition for cert. filed [ ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 1691 , 118 L.Ed.2d 404 ] (26 February 1992) (U.S. No. 91-7474) [footnote omitted]. [3] Hudson, 331 N.C. at 142-43 , 415 S.E.2d at 742-43 . 1994See Parker v. Alabama, 587 So. 2d 1072, 1085 (Ala. Crim.	2	2
People v. Jimenezred cal · 1978 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982 2 sentences 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J. 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.	2	2
Chapman v. Californiared scotus · 1967 · cited in 10 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1970–2007 2 sentences 2007Because Carlson was the only eyewitness to the crimes, we cannot say "beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained." Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 24, 87 S.Ct. 824 , 828, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 , 710 (1967). 2007Because Carlson was the only eyewitness to the crimes, we cannot say "beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained." Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 24, 87 S.Ct. 824 , 828, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 , 710 (1967).	1	10
State v. Bryantgreen nc · 1993 · cited in 4 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1993–1995 2 sentences 1995Defendants rely on State v. Bryant, 334 N.C. 333 , 432 S.E.2d 291 (1993) (Bryant I), in which we found error in the reasonable doubt instruction based on Cage v. Louisiana, 498 U.S. 39 , 112 L. 1995Defendants rely on State v. Bryant, 334 N.C. 333 , 432 S.E.2d 291 (1993) (Bryant I), in which we found error in the reasonable doubt instruction based on Cage v. Louisiana, 498 U.S. 39 , 112 L.	1	4
State v. Huffgreen nc · 1989 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1996–2008 2 sentences 2008State v. Huff, 325 N.C. 1, 34-35 , 381 S.E.2d 635, 654 (1989), vacated on unrelated grounds, 497 U.S. 1021 , 110 S.Ct. 3266 , 111 L.Ed.2d 777 (1990). 2008State v. Huff, 325 N.C. 1, 34-35 , 381 S.E.2d 635, 654 (1989), vacated on unrelated grounds, 497 U.S. 1021 , 110 S.Ct. 3266 , 111 L.Ed.2d 777 (1990).	1	2
In Re WINSHIPgreen scotus · 1970 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1975–1981 2 sentences 1981The United States Supreme Court there wrote, “Lest there remain any doubt about the constitutional stature of the reasonable-doubt standard, we explicitly hold that the Due Process Clause protects the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged.” 397 U.S. at 364 (emphasis added). 1975Here I note that in In Re Winship, 397 U.S. 358 , 90 S.Ct. 1069 , 25 L.Ed.2d 368 (1970), in an opinion expressing the views of five members of the Court, Mr. Justice Brennan said: "Lest, there remain any doubt about the constitutional stature of the reasonable-doubt standard, we explicitly hold that the Due Process Clause protects the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged." Id. at 364 , 90 S.Ct. at 1073 , 25 L.Ed.2d at 375 .	1	2
Beck v. Alabamagreen scotus · 1980 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023	1	1
Ge Betz, Inc. v. Conradgreen ncctapp · 2013 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020	1	1
State v. Heardgreen nc · 1974 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017	1	1
State v. Lewisgreen nc · 2007 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016	1	1
State v. Alstongreen nc · 1995 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014	1	1
State v. Jamesgreen nc · 1996 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014	1	1
State v. Jonesgreen nc · 1994 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014	1	1
In Re Contempt Proceedings Against Cogdellgreen ncctapp · 2007 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013	1	1
State v. Nelsongreen · 1995 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011	1	1
State v. Blakeneygreen nc · 2000 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009	1	1
In Re Yocumgreen ncctapp · 2003 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007	1	1
Grobow v. Perotgreen del · 1988 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
Ring v. Arizonagreen scotus · 2002 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
State v. Rhodesgreen ncctapp · 2002 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
State v. Silvagreen nc · 1981 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
Grimes v. Donaldgreen del · 1996 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
State v. Laddgreen nc · 1983 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005	1	1
State v. Cunninghamgreen ncctapp · 1992 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005	1	1
State v. . Brackettgreen nc · 1940 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996	1	1
State v. Hillgreen nc · 1992 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995	1	1
State v. Camachogreen nc · 1994 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994	1	1
United States v. Milton L. McCaskillgreen ca4 · 1982 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in North Carolina. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (46)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Adams. green · 1905 2 sentences 1912Reviewing them and citing the cases of S. v. Norwood , 74 N.C. 247 , and S. v. Gee , 92 N.C. 761 , with approval, we said in S. v. Adams , 138 N.C. 688 : "The presiding judge may select, from the various phrases which have been used, any one that he may think will correctly inform the jury of the doctrine of reasonable doubt, or he may use his own form of expression for that purpose, provided, always, the jury are made to understand that they must be fully satisfied of the guilt of the defendant before they can convict him." And again: "If the judge charges the jury in substance that the law p 1912Reviewing them and citing the cases of S. v. Norwood, 74 N. C., 247 , and S. v. Gee, 92 N. C., 761 , with approval, we said in S. v. Adams, 138 N. C., 688 : “The presiding judge may select, from the various phrases which have been used, any one that he may think will correctly inform the jury of the doctrine of reasonable doubt, or he may use his own form of expression for that purpose, provided, always, the jury are made to understand that they’ must be fully satisfied of the guilt of the defendant before they can convict him.” And again: “If the judge charges the jury in substance that the l	6	1908–1921
Cage v. Louisiana green scotus · 1990 2 sentences 1995Defendants rely on State v. Bryant, 334 N.C. 333 , 432 S.E.2d 291 (1993) (Bryant I), in which we found error in the reasonable doubt instruction based on Cage v. Louisiana, 498 U.S. 39 , 112 L. 1995Defendants rely on State v. Bryant, 334 N.C. 333 , 432 S.E.2d 291 (1993) (Bryant I), in which we found error in the reasonable doubt instruction based on Cage v. Louisiana, 498 U.S. 39 , 112 L.	5	1993–1995
State v. Montgomery green nc · 1992 2 sentences 1993Two members of the Court held that “the use of the terms ‘substantial misgiving’ and ‘moral certainty’ in combination in the trial court’s reasonable doubt instruction violated the requirements of the' Due Process Clause as interpreted by the Supreme Court in Cage.” Id. at 572 , 417 S.E.2d at 749-50. 1993Two members of the Court held that "the use of the terms `substantial misgiving' and `moral certainty' in combination in the trial court's reasonable doubt instruction violated the requirements of the Due Process Clause as interpreted by the Supreme Court in Cage." Id. at 572 , 417 S.E.2d at 749-50.	4	1993–1993
State v. Bryant green · 1994 2 sentences 1995In Victor , the United States Supreme Court held that no particular formation of words is necessary to properly define reasonable doubt, but rather, the instructions, in their totality, must not indicate that the State’s burden is lower than “beyond a reasonable doubt.” Applying Victor , this Court, in State v. Bryant, 337 N.C. 298 , 446 S.E.2d 71 (1994) (Bryant II), reconsidered its earlier holding (Bryant I) and found no error in a reasonable doubt instruction that was nearly identical to the instruction in the instant case. 1995In Victor , the United States Supreme Court held that no particular formation of words is necessary to properly define reasonable doubt, but rather, the instructions, in their totality, must not indicate that the State’s burden is lower than “beyond a reasonable doubt.” Applying Victor , this Court, in State v. Bryant, 337 N.C. 298 , 446 S.E.2d 71 (1994) (Bryant II), reconsidered its earlier holding (Bryant I) and found no error in a reasonable doubt instruction that was nearly identical to the instruction in the instant case.	3	1994–1995
State v. Hudson green nc · 1992 2 sentences 1994See Parker v. Alabama, 587 So.2d 1072, 1085 (Ala.Crim.App.1991); South Carolina v. Johnson [ 306 S.C. 119 ] 410 S.E.2d 547, 554 (S.C.1991), petition for cert. filed [ ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 1691 , 118 L.Ed.2d 404 ] (26 February 1992) (U.S. No. 91-7474) [footnote omitted]. [3] Hudson, 331 N.C. at 142-43 , 415 S.E.2d at 742-43 . 1994See Parker v. Alabama, 587 So.2d 1072, 1085 (Ala.Crim.App.1991); South Carolina v. Johnson [ 306 S.C. 119 ] 410 S.E.2d 547, 554 (S.C.1991), petition for cert. filed [ ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 1691 , 118 L.Ed.2d 404 ] (26 February 1992) (U.S. No. 91-7474) [footnote omitted]. [3] Hudson, 331 N.C. at 142-43 , 415 S.E.2d at 742-43 .	3	1992–1994
State v. Hammonds green nc · 1954 2 sentences 2017Defendant concedes the trial court properly instructed the jury on the reasonable doubt standard, and informed the jurors they could find reasonable doubt from the "lack or insufficiency of the evidence." The instructions would not have led the jury "to believe that a reasonable doubt must arise only from the evidence presented, and that a reasonable doubt could not arise from a lack of or insufficiency of the evidence." See State v. Hammonds , 241 N.C. 226 , 231, 85 S.E.2d 133 , 137-38 (1954) (" 'True it is, a reasonable doubt may grow out of the evidence in the case. 2017Defendant concedes the trial court properly instructed the jury on the reasonable doubt standard, and informed the jurors they could find reasonable doubt from the "lack or insufficiency of the evidence." The instructions would not have led the jury "to believe that a reasonable doubt must arise only from the evidence presented, and that a reasonable doubt could not arise from a lack of or insufficiency of the evidence." See State v. Hammonds , 241 N.C. 226 , 231, 85 S.E.2d 133 , 137-38 (1954) (" 'True it is, a reasonable doubt may grow out of the evidence in the case.	2	1982–2017
Spotted War Bonnet v. United States green scotus · 1990 2 sentences 2008State v. Huff, 321 N.C. 1, 34-35 , 381 S.E.2d 635, 654 (1989), vacated on unrelated grounds, 497 U.S. 1021 , 111 L. 2008State v. Huff, 325 N.C. 1, 34-35 , 381 S.E.2d 635, 654 (1989), vacated on unrelated grounds, 497 U.S. 1021 , 110 S.Ct. 3266 , 111 L.Ed.2d 777 (1990).	2	1996–2008
Immuno, A. G. v. Moor-Jankowski green scotus · 1990 2 sentences 2008State v. Huff, 325 N.C. 1, 34-35 , 381 S.E.2d 635, 654 (1989), vacated on unrelated grounds, 497 U.S. 1021 , 110 S.Ct. 3266 , 111 L.Ed.2d 777 (1990). 2008State v. Huff, 325 N.C. 1, 34-35 , 381 S.E.2d 635, 654 (1989), vacated on unrelated grounds, 497 U.S. 1021 , 110 S.Ct. 3266 , 111 L.Ed.2d 777 (1990).	2	1996–2008
Blakely v. Washington green scotus · 2004 2 sentences 2006Accordingly, defendant was not required by Rule 10(b)(1) to object during sentencing in order to properly “preserve this issue for appellate review.” Id. 693 Defendant initially contends that the trial court erred by increasing his sentences beyond the prescribed statutory maximum based upon its own finding of aggravating factors that were not alleged in the indictments or found by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt in violation of Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. —, 159 L. 2005*Defendant initially contends that the trial court erred by increasing his sentences beyond the prescribed statutory maximum based upon its own finding of aggravating factors that were not alleged in the indictments or found by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt in violation of Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 , 124 S.Ct. 2531 , 159 L.Ed.2d 403 (2004).	2	2005–2006
Balsamo v. Mazurkiewicz green scotus · 1992 2 sentences 1994See Parker v. Alabama, 587 So.2d 1072, 1085 (Ala.Crim.App.1991); South Carolina v. Johnson [ 306 S.C. 119 ] 410 S.E.2d 547, 554 (S.C.1991), petition for cert. filed [ ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 1691 , 118 L.Ed.2d 404 ] (26 February 1992) (U.S. No. 91-7474) [footnote omitted]. [3] Hudson, 331 N.C. at 142-43 , 415 S.E.2d at 742-43 . 1992See Parker v. Alabama, 587 So.2d 1072, 1085 (Ala.Crim.App.1991); South Carolina v. Johnson, 410 S.E.2d 547, 554 (S.C.1991), cert. denied ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 1691 , ___ L.Ed.2d ___(26 February 1992) (U.S. No. 91-7474). [4] Further support for this view is found in our prior case law that has repeatedly held that a definition of reasonable doubt does not require exactitude.	2	1992–1994
Barnes v. United States green scotus · 1973 2 sentences 1986In Barnes v. United States, 412 U.S. 837 , 37 L.Ed. 2d 380 , 93 S.Ct. 2357 (1973), the Court summarized its holdings from prior cases dealing with statutory inferences as follows: [I]f a statutory inference submitted to the jury as sufficient to support conviction satisfies the reasonable-doubt standard (that is, the evidence necessary to invoke the inference is sufficient for a rational juror to find the inferred fact beyond a reasonable doubt) as well as the more-likely-than-not standard, then it clearly accords with due process. 1986In Barnes v. United States, 412 U.S. 837 , 37 L.Ed. 2d 380 , 93 S.Ct. 2357 (1973), the Court summarized its holdings from prior cases dealing with statutory inferences as follows: [I]f a statutory inference submitted to the jury as sufficient to support conviction satisfies the reasonable-doubt standard (that is, the evidence necessary to invoke the inference is sufficient for a rational juror to find the inferred fact beyond a reasonable doubt) as well as the more-likely-than-not standard, then it clearly accords with due process.	2	1979–1986
Magley v. State green ind · 1975 2 sentences 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J. 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.	2	1982–1982
Younger v. State green miss · 1974 2 sentences 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal.3d 595 , 147 Cal.Rptr. 172 , 580 P.2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E.2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So.2d 388 (La.1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A.2d 598 (Me.1977); Younger v. State, 301 So.2d 300 (Miss.1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A.2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.Super. 45 , 359 A.2d 881 (App.Div.1976); People v. Brown, 44 A.D.2d 769 , 354 N.Y.S.2d 263 (1974); State v. Aschmeller, 87 S.D. 367 , 209 N.W.2d 369 (1973); Valerio v. State, 494 S.W.2d 892 (Tex.Crim.App.1973); Blaszke v. State, 69 Wis.2d 81 , 230 N. 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.	2	1982–1982
State v. Phinney green nh · 1977 2 sentences 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J. 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.	2	1982–1982
State v. Johnson neutral la · 1976 2 sentences 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal.3d 595 , 147 Cal.Rptr. 172 , 580 P.2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E.2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So.2d 388 (La.1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A.2d 598 (Me.1977); Younger v. State, 301 So.2d 300 (Miss.1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A.2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.Super. 45 , 359 A.2d 881 (App.Div.1976); People v. Brown, 44 A.D.2d 769 , 354 N.Y.S.2d 263 (1974); State v. Aschmeller, 87 S.D. 367 , 209 N.W.2d 369 (1973); Valerio v. State, 494 S.W.2d 892 (Tex.Crim.App.1973); Blaszke v. State, 69 Wis.2d 81 , 230 N. 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.	2	1982–1982
State v. Whittington green njsuperctappdiv · 1976 2 sentences 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal.3d 595 , 147 Cal.Rptr. 172 , 580 P.2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E.2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So.2d 388 (La.1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A.2d 598 (Me.1977); Younger v. State, 301 So.2d 300 (Miss.1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A.2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.Super. 45 , 359 A.2d 881 (App.Div.1976); People v. Brown, 44 A.D.2d 769 , 354 N.Y.S.2d 263 (1974); State v. Aschmeller, 87 S.D. 367 , 209 N.W.2d 369 (1973); Valerio v. State, 494 S.W.2d 892 (Tex.Crim.App.1973); Blaszke v. State, 69 Wis.2d 81 , 230 N. 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.	2	1982–1982
State v. Tardiff green me · 1977 2 sentences 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal.3d 595 , 147 Cal.Rptr. 172 , 580 P.2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E.2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So.2d 388 (La.1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A.2d 598 (Me.1977); Younger v. State, 301 So.2d 300 (Miss.1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A.2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.Super. 45 , 359 A.2d 881 (App.Div.1976); People v. Brown, 44 A.D.2d 769 , 354 N.Y.S.2d 263 (1974); State v. Aschmeller, 87 S.D. 367 , 209 N.W.2d 369 (1973); Valerio v. State, 494 S.W.2d 892 (Tex.Crim.App.1973); Blaszke v. State, 69 Wis.2d 81 , 230 N. 1982See People v. Jimenez, 21 Cal. 3d 595 , 147 Cal. Rptr. 172 , 580 P. 2d 672 (1978); Magley v. State, 263 Ind. 618 , 335 N.E. 2d 811 (1975); State v. Johnson, 327 So. 2d 388 (La. 1976); State v. Tardiff, 374 A. 2d 598 (Me. 1977); Younger v. State, 301 So. 2d 300 (Miss. 1974); State v. Phinney, 117 N.H. 145 , 370 A. 2d 1153 (1977); State v. Whittington, 142 N.J.	2	1982–1982
Monk v. State green ark · 1917	2	1927–1927
Purinton v. Jamrock green mass · 1907 2 sentences 1927Tbe principles of law announced in tbe foregoing authorities have been recognized and applied by tbe courts of Arkansas, South Dakota, Massachusetts, Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan, Florida, Kansas, and Connecticut: Monk v. State (Ark.), 197 S. W., 580 ; S. v. Cline (S. Dak.), 132 N. W., 160 ; Commonwealth v. Sinclair (Mass.), 80 N. E., 802 ; Stevens v. Commonwealth (Ky.), 45 S. W., 76 ; Morehead v. State, 34 Ohio St., 212 ; People v. Ostrander (Mich.), 67 N. W., 1079 ; S. v. Ross (Washington, 1915), 147 Pac., 1149 ; McDuffie v. State (Fla.), 46 Southern, 721; S. Reilly (Kan.), 116 Pac., 481 ; S. v. 1927Yet when the court has, as in this case, fully instructed in his favor on the doctrine of reasonable doubt, and the evidence so abundantly sustains the verdict of the jury, we do not think the sentence should be reversed solely for the failure to state the presumption." In Culpepper v. State , 111 Pac., p. 679, the Supreme Court of Oklahoma, speaking through Justice Richardson , discusses the question at length, arraying the authorities and weighing with care the various reasons set forth on both sides of the question. *Page 264 The principles of law announced in the foregoing authorities have	2	1927–1927
State v. Brauneis green conn · 1911	2	1927–1927
State v. Reilly neutral kan · 1911	2	1927–1927
People v. Ostrander green mich · 1896	2	1927–1927
State v. Cline neutral sd · 1911	2	1927–1927
State v. Ross green wash · 1915	2	1927–1927
State v. . Norwood neutral nc · 1876	2	1912–1912
State v. Tyndall green nc · 1949	1	2017–2017
State v. Bowman green ncctapp · 2008	1	2017–2017
Jacobs v. United States green scotus · 1996	1	2014–2014
State v. Hunt green nc · 1995	1	2014–2014
State v. Mash green nc · 1988	1	2014–2014
State v. Workman green nc · 1996	1	2011–2011
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co. v. Roskind green scotus · 2001	1	2009–2009
Wilkins v. Fries green scotus · 2001	1	2009–2009
Quang Ly Tran v. Konteh green scotus · 2001	1	2009–2009
Cates v. Wilson green nc · 1987	1	2008–2008
State v. Payne green nc · 1987	1	2006–2006
State v. Canady green nc · 1991	1	2006–2006
Apprendi v. New Jersey green scotus · 2000	1	2006–2006
McMillan v. Pennsylvania red scotus · 1986	1	2000–2000
Victor v. Nebraska green scotus · 1994	1	1996–1996

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1443 (25) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1 (19) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-2000 (11) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-87 (6) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.16 (6) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-903 (5) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-17 (4) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1233 (4) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1241 (4) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-974 (4) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-141 (4) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1061 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 1862 (1883–2026) TX 1722 (1911–2026) FL 748 (1973–2026) IL 678 (1905–2026) PA 508 (1919–2026) KS 495 (1925–2026) WA 404 (1930–2026) TN 357 (1970–2026) AZ 282 (1965–2026) GA 252 (1914–2026) OH 201 (1968–2026) ID 185 (1975–2026) NY 184 (1956–2024) CO 177 (1949–2026) LA 176 (1976–2026) MD 171 (1966–2026) MA 158 (1972–2026) HI 156 (1950–2026) IN 154 (1891–2026) WI 151 (1977–2026) MS 145 (1924–2026) MN 137 (1953–2026) AL 137 (1916–2024) CT 129 (1955–2025) MO 107 (1889–2023) NJ 105 (1967–2026) SC 103 (1976–2026) DC 101 (1969–2026) MI 92 (1968–2026) NC 86 (1898–2023) IA 81 (1878–2024) KY 76 (1922–2026) NH 74 (1976–2025) UT 73 (1970–2026) OR 70 (1894–2026) NV 69 (1967–2026) AR 68 (1908–2025) VA 65 (1919–2026) NM 53 (1947–2025) WV 53 (1912–2023) DE 42 (1979–2026) SD 42 (1911–2022) OK 39 (1973–2025) RI 36 (1971–2026) ME 32 (1971–2024) MT 31 (1974–2024) VT 25 (1899–2026) ND 23 (1977–2021) WY 22 (1974–2025) AK 20 (1975–2025) NE 19 (1968–2022) VI 3 (1995–2015) GU 2 (2025–2025)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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