knowing and intelligent waiver (New Mexico) · Go Syfert
← New Mexico issues

knowing and intelligent waiver in New Mexico

33 New Mexico opinions name it 2 courts 1973–2023 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Mexico courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (25)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Chapmangreen
nm · 1986 · cited in 6 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1990–2023
2 sentences

2023A district court may rely on and consider its knowledge from other proceedings, including the defendant’s “competency, understanding, background, education, training, experience, conduct and ability to observe procedures and protocol of the court.” State v. Chapman, 1986-NMSC-037 , ¶ 10, 104 N.M. 324 , 721 P.2d 392 (holding that denying the defendant a hearing or inquiry into whether his waiver of counsel was knowing and intelligent was not a denial of due process because the court used the defendant’s performance during previous hearings to assess his inability to appreciate the risks of self

2023A district court may rely on and consider its knowledge from other proceedings, including the defendant’s “competency, understanding, background, education, training, experience, conduct and ability to observe procedures and protocol of the court.” State v. Chapman, 1986-NMSC-037 , ¶ 10, 104 N.M. 324 , 721 P.2d 392 (holding that denying the defendant a hearing or inquiry into whether his waiver of counsel was knowing and intelligent was not a denial of due process because the court used the defendant’s performance during previous hearings to assess his inability to appreciate the risks of self

36
State v. Castillogreen
nmctapp · 1990 · cited in 4 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1996–2019
2 sentences

2005Our Supreme Court followed Faretta in State v. Chapman, 104 N.M. 324, 327 , 721 P.2d 392, 395 (1986), by recognizing that a defendant must be “accorded the right of self-representation when he or she is able to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel.” Therefore, “[i]n a case where a defendant wishes to represent himself, the district court must determine if the defendant is making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of counsel and understands fully the dangers of self-representation.” State v. Rotibi 117 N.M. 108, 110 , 869 P.2d 296, 298 (Ct.App.1994) (quoting State v. Castillo, 110 N

2005Our Supreme Court followed Faretta in State v. Chapman, 104 N.M. 324, 327 , 721 P.2d 392, 395 (1986), by recognizing that a defendant must be “accorded the right of self-representation when he or she is able to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel.” Therefore, “[i]n a case where a defendant wishes to represent himself, the district court must determine if the defendant is making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of counsel and understands fully the dangers of self-representation.” State v. Rotibi 117 N.M. 108, 110 , 869 P.2d 296, 298 (Ct.App.1994) (quoting State v. Castillo, 110 N

34
State v. Reyesgreen
nmctapp · 2005 · cited in 4 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2020–2023
2 sentences

2023See Castillo, 1990-NMCA-043 ¶ 12 (reversing where the “defendant was not advised of any of the hazards of self-representation . . . except that he would be expected to follow the rules of law and courtroom procedure”); cf. State v. Plouse, 2003-NMCA-048, ¶¶ 24-25 , 133 N.M. 495 , 64 P.3d 522 (finding a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel where the district court engaged in a lengthy and in-depth colloquy with the defendant regarding the hazards inherent in self- representation), abrogated on other grounds by State v. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 48 , 146 N.M. 499 , 212 P.3d 387 ;

2022“Once a defendant makes a clear and unequivocal statement that can reasonably be understood to invoke the right to self- representation, the [district] court has a duty to inquire further into the defendant’s waiver of the right to counsel.” Id. ¶ 45; see, e.g., State v. Vincent, 2005-NMCA-064, ¶ 11 , 137 N.M. 462 , 112 P.3d 1119 (“Because [the d]efendant expressed a desire to represent himself, the district judge was required to determine if [the d]efendant was making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of his right to an attorney.” (citation omitted)); State v. Rotibi, 1994-NMCA-003 , ¶ 3, 11

24
State v. Vincentgreen
nmctapp · 2005 · cited in 2 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2020–2022
2 sentences

2022“Once a defendant makes a clear and unequivocal statement that can reasonably be understood to invoke the right to self- representation, the [district] court has a duty to inquire further into the defendant’s waiver of the right to counsel.” Id. ¶ 45; see, e.g., State v. Vincent, 2005-NMCA-064, ¶ 11 , 137 N.M. 462 , 112 P.3d 1119 (“Because [the d]efendant expressed a desire to represent himself, the district judge was required to determine if [the d]efendant was making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of his right to an attorney.” (citation omitted)); State v. Rotibi, 1994-NMCA-003 , ¶ 3, 11

2022“Once a defendant makes a clear and unequivocal statement that can reasonably be understood to invoke the right to self- representation, the [district] court has a duty to inquire further into the defendant’s waiver of the right to counsel.” Id. ¶ 45; see, e.g., State v. Vincent, 2005-NMCA-064, ¶ 11 , 137 N.M. 462 , 112 P.3d 1119 (“Because [the d]efendant expressed a desire to represent himself, the district judge was required to determine if [the d]efendant was making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of his right to an attorney.” (citation omitted)); State v. Rotibi, 1994-NMCA-003 , ¶ 3, 11

22
United States v. Herman Padillagreen
ca10 · 1987 · cited in 2 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2005–2020
2 sentences

2020See, e.g., Padilla, 819 F.2d at 957 (“Because the record in this case fails to demonstrate the district court made the thorough and comprehensive examination of all the facts and circumstances contemplated by Von Moltke and its progeny, we cannot say [the defendant] made a knowing and intelligent waiver of his right to counsel.”); Castillo, 1990-NMCA-043 , ¶ 12; but see, e.g., United States v. Hill, 252 F.3d 919, 928 (7th Cir. 2001) (holding that waiver of counsel was knowing and intelligent despite the district court’s failure to conduct an exhaustive Faretta colloquy).

2005Our Supreme Court followed Faretta in State v. Chapman, 104 N.M. 324, 327 , 721 P.2d 392, 395 (1986), by recognizing that a defendant must be “accorded the right of self-representation when he or she is able to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel.” Therefore, “[i]n a case where a defendant wishes to represent himself, the district court must determine if the defendant is making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of counsel and understands fully the dangers of self-representation.” State v. Rotibi 117 N.M. 108, 110 , 869 P.2d 296, 298 (Ct.App.1994) (quoting State v. Castillo, 110 N

22
Johnson v. Stategreen
ark · 1989 · cited in 2 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007That means the Miranda rights can only be waived by a defendant “[ajfter such warnings have been given.” Id.; see Dupont v. United States, 259 A.2d 355, 358-59 (D.C.1969) (holding that the State failed to meet its burden of demonstrating a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel during interrogation where defendant interrupted the officer before he was advised of his right to counsel by saying: “I know my rights, man”); see also Johnson v. Arkansas, 299 Ark. 223 , 772 S.W.2d 322, 324 (1989) (holding that warning was sufficient where police failed to advise the defendant of his right to have

2007That means the Miranda rights can only be waived by a defendant “[ajfter such warnings have been given.” Id.; see Dupont v. United States, 259 A.2d 355, 358-59 (D.C.1969) (holding that the State failed to meet its burden of demonstrating a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel during interrogation where defendant interrupted the officer before he was advised of his right to counsel by saying: “I know my rights, man”); see also Johnson v. Arkansas, 299 Ark. 223 , 772 S.W.2d 322, 324 (1989) (holding that warning was sufficient where police failed to advise the defendant of his right to have

22
People v. Nitschmanngreen
calctapp · 1995 · cited in 2 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007That means the Miranda rights can only be waived by a defendant “[ajfter such warnings have been given.” Id.; see Dupont v. United States, 259 A.2d 355, 358-59 (D.C.1969) (holding that the State failed to meet its burden of demonstrating a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel during interrogation where defendant interrupted the officer before he was advised of his right to counsel by saying: “I know my rights, man”); see also Johnson v. Arkansas, 299 Ark. 223 , 772 S.W.2d 322, 324 (1989) (holding that warning was sufficient where police failed to advise the defendant of his right to have

2007That means the Miranda rights can only be waived by a defendant “[ajfter such warnings have been given.” Id.; see Dupont v. United States, 259 A.2d 355, 358-59 (D.C.1969) (holding that the State failed to meet its burden of demonstrating a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel during interrogation where defendant interrupted the officer before he was advised of his right to counsel by saying: “I know my rights, man”); see also Johnson v. Arkansas, 299 Ark. 223 , 772 S.W.2d 322, 324 (1989) (holding that warning was sufficient where police failed to advise the defendant of his right to have

22
Dupont v. United Statesgreen
dc · 1969 · cited in 2 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007That means the Miranda rights can only be waived by a defendant “[ajfter such warnings have been given.” Id.; see Dupont v. United States, 259 A.2d 355, 358-59 (D.C.1969) (holding that the State failed to meet its burden of demonstrating a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel during interrogation where defendant interrupted the officer before he was advised of his right to counsel by saying: “I know my rights, man”); see also Johnson v. Arkansas, 299 Ark. 223 , 772 S.W.2d 322, 324 (1989) (holding that warning was sufficient where police failed to advise the defendant of his right to have

2007That means the Miranda rights can only be waived by a defendant "[a]fter such warnings have been given." Id.; see Dupont v. United States, 259 A.2d 355, 358-59 (D.C.1969) (holding that the State failed to meet its burden of demonstrating a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel during interrogation where defendant interrupted the officer before he was advised of his right to counsel by saying: "I know my rights, man"); see also Johnson v. Arkansas, 299 Ark. 223 , 772 S.W.2d 322, 324 (1989) (holding that warning was sufficient where police failed to advise the defendant of his right to have

22
Argersinger v. Hamlingreen
· 1972 · cited in 4 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1980–1997
2 sentences

1997See Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25, 37 , 92 S.Ct. 2006, 2012 , 32 L.Ed.2d 530 (1972) (“[Ajbsent a knowing and intelligent waiver, no person may be imprisoned for any offense, whether classified as petty, misdemeanor, or felony, unless he was represented by counsel at his trial.”).

1997See Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25, 37 , 92 S.Ct. 2006, 2012 , 32 L.Ed.2d 530 (1972) (“[Ajbsent a knowing and intelligent waiver, no person may be imprisoned for any offense, whether classified as petty, misdemeanor, or felony, unless he was represented by counsel at his trial.”).

14
State v. Rotibigreen
nmctapp · 1994 · cited in 3 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2005–2022
2 sentences

2022“Once a defendant makes a clear and unequivocal statement that can reasonably be understood to invoke the right to self- representation, the [district] court has a duty to inquire further into the defendant’s waiver of the right to counsel.” Id. ¶ 45; see, e.g., State v. Vincent, 2005-NMCA-064, ¶ 11 , 137 N.M. 462 , 112 P.3d 1119 (“Because [the d]efendant expressed a desire to represent himself, the district judge was required to determine if [the d]efendant was making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of his right to an attorney.” (citation omitted)); State v. Rotibi, 1994-NMCA-003 , ¶ 3, 11

2022“Once a defendant makes a clear and unequivocal statement that can reasonably be understood to invoke the right to self- representation, the [district] court has a duty to inquire further into the defendant’s waiver of the right to counsel.” Id. ¶ 45; see, e.g., State v. Vincent, 2005-NMCA-064, ¶ 11 , 137 N.M. 462 , 112 P.3d 1119 (“Because [the d]efendant expressed a desire to represent himself, the district judge was required to determine if [the d]efendant was making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of his right to an attorney.” (citation omitted)); State v. Rotibi, 1994-NMCA-003 , ¶ 3, 11

13
Smith v. Maldonadogreen
nm · 1985 · cited in 3 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1991–2020
2 sentences

2020Smith v. Maldonado, 1985-NMSC-115 , ¶¶ 11-12, 103 N.M. 570 , 711 P.2d 15 (“[W]hether waiver [of counsel] is legally sufficient depends upon the facts and circumstances of each case, including the background, experience and conduct of the accused.

2020Smith v. Maldonado, 1985-NMSC-115 , ¶¶ 11-12, 103 N.M. 570 , 711 P.2d 15 (“[W]hether waiver [of counsel] is legally sufficient depends upon the facts and circumstances of each case, including the background, experience and conduct of the accused.

13
State v. Plousegreen
nmctapp · 2003 · cited in 2 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2009–2023
2 sentences

2023See Castillo, 1990-NMCA-043 ¶ 12 (reversing where the “defendant was not advised of any of the hazards of self-representation . . . except that he would be expected to follow the rules of law and courtroom procedure”); cf. State v. Plouse, 2003-NMCA-048, ¶¶ 24-25 , 133 N.M. 495 , 64 P.3d 522 (finding a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel where the district court engaged in a lengthy and in-depth colloquy with the defendant regarding the hazards inherent in self- representation), abrogated on other grounds by State v. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 48 , 146 N.M. 499 , 212 P.3d 387 ;

2023See Castillo, 1990-NMCA-043 ¶ 12 (reversing where the “defendant was not advised of any of the hazards of self-representation . . . except that he would be expected to follow the rules of law and courtroom procedure”); cf. State v. Plouse, 2003-NMCA-048, ¶¶ 24-25 , 133 N.M. 495 , 64 P.3d 522 (finding a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel where the district court engaged in a lengthy and in-depth colloquy with the defendant regarding the hazards inherent in self- representation), abrogated on other grounds by State v. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 48 , 146 N.M. 499 , 212 P.3d 387 ;

12
Faretta v. Californiagreen
scotus · 1975 · cited in 2 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1986–2019
2 sentences

2019We find no error in Defendant’s first argument. {13} Defendant also claims that the district court erred in allowing him to dismiss his public defender and proceed pro se, arguing that he did not want to dismiss his attorney for the remainder of his trial, but rather only wanted to appear pro se to “assist in his defense” by presenting one issue regarding jurisdiction to the district court. “[A] defendant should be accorded the right of self-representation when he or she is able to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel.” State v. Chapman, 1986-NMSC-037 , ¶ 9, 104 N.M. 324 , 721 P.2d

1986Under Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806 , 95 S.Ct. 2525 , 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975) a defendant should be accorded the right of self-representation when he or she is able to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel.

12
State v. Lewisgreen
nmctapp · 1986 · cited in 2 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1990–2005
2 sentences

2005Our Supreme Court followed Faretta in State v. Chapman, 104 N.M. 324, 327 , 721 P.2d 392, 395 (1986), by recognizing that a defendant must be “accorded the right of self-representation when he or she is able to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel.” Therefore, “[i]n a case where a defendant wishes to represent himself, the district court must determine if the defendant is making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of counsel and understands fully the dangers of self-representation.” State v. Rotibi 117 N.M. 108, 110 , 869 P.2d 296, 298 (Ct.App.1994) (quoting State v. Castillo, 110 N

2005Our Supreme Court followed Faretta in State v. Chapman, 104 N.M. 324, 327 , 721 P.2d 392, 395 (1986), by recognizing that a defendant must be “accorded the right of self-representation when he or she is able to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel.” Therefore, “[i]n a case where a defendant wishes to represent himself, the district court must determine if the defendant is making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of counsel and understands fully the dangers of self-representation.” State v. Rotibi 117 N.M. 108, 110 , 869 P.2d 296, 298 (Ct.App.1994) (quoting State v. Castillo, 110 N

12
Moran v. Burbinegreen
scotus · 1986 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021The State’s claim that Defendant made a knowing and intelligent waiver is precluded by our affirmance of the district court’s conclusions {41} The State also argues that the Defendant made a “knowing, intelligent voluntary waiver of rights[.]” The State cites to Martinez, 1999-NMSC-018, ¶ 19 , for the proposition that a valid waiver “need not be express, but may be determined implicitly from an evaluation of the facts and circumstances of the interrogation.” {42} However, our foregoing analysis affirms the district court’s conclusion that Defendant lacked the requisite awareness to make a vali

2021See id.

11
State v. Martinezgreen
nm · 2018 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law {18} “‘Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law and fact.’” Martinez, 2018-NMSC-007, ¶ 8 (quoting State v. Ketelson, 2011-NMSC-023, ¶ 9 , 150 N.M. 137 , 257 P.3d 957 ). {19} “‘First, we look for substantial evidence to support the district court’s factual finding[s], with deference to the district court’s review of the testimony and other evidence presented.’” Id. (alteration omitted) (quoting State v. Yazzie, 2016-NMSC- 026, ¶ 15, 376 P.3d 858 ).

11
State v. Garciagreen
nm · 2011 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020See id.; Garcia, 2011-NMSC-003, ¶ 30 (noting that a clear and unequivocal pro se request is properly denied where the defendant cannot make a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel).

11
United States v. Ruel Frank Brown, Jr.green
ca5 · 1979 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020See United States v. Brown, 591 F.2d 307, 310 (5th Cir. 1979) (“[The defendant’s] persistence in refusing to accept any counsel except that of his own choosing and his insistence on proceeding [p]ro se can only be construed as a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel.

11
State v. Gutierrezgreen
nm · 2011 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016First we will address whether 17 Defendant’s waiver of his Miranda warnings was knowing and intelligent. 18 {11} A knowing and intelligent waiver is one that is “made with a full awareness of 19 both the nature of the right being abandoned and the consequences of the decision to 6 1 abandon it.” State v. Gutierrez, 2011-NMSC-024, ¶ 13 , 150 N.M. 232 , 258 P.3d 1024 2 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

2016First we will address whether 17 Defendant’s waiver of his Miranda warnings was knowing and intelligent. 18 {11} A knowing and intelligent waiver is one that is “made with a full awareness of 19 both the nature of the right being abandoned and the consequences of the decision to 6 1 abandon it.” State v. Gutierrez, 2011-NMSC-024, ¶ 13 , 150 N.M. 232 , 258 P.3d 1024 2 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

11
State v. Rojogreen
nm · 1998 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
State v. Crandallgreen
nj · 1990 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
State v. Sanchezgreen
nmctapp · 1980 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
Saunders v. Stategreen
fladistctapp · 1975 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11
Pitts v. Stategreen
del · 1980 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11
Skolnick v. Stategreen
indctapp · 1979 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
United States v. Nathan L. Hill and Cordell Jamesgreen
ca7 · 2001 · cited in 1 New Mexico opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020See, e.g., Padilla, 819 F.2d at 957 (“Because the record in this case fails to demonstrate the district court made the thorough and comprehensive examination of all the facts and circumstances contemplated by Von Moltke and its progeny, we cannot say [the defendant] made a knowing and intelligent waiver of his right to counsel.”); Castillo, 1990-NMCA-043 , ¶ 12; but see, e.g., United States v. Hill, 252 F.3d 919, 928 (7th Cir. 2001) (holding that waiver of counsel was knowing and intelligent despite the district court’s failure to conduct an exhaustive Faretta colloquy).

11

Also cited on this issue (21)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Barrera green
nm · 2001
2 sentences

2023A district court may rely on and consider its knowledge from other proceedings, including the defendant’s “competency, understanding, background, education, training, experience, conduct and ability to observe procedures and protocol of the court.” State v. Chapman, 1986-NMSC-037 , ¶ 10, 104 N.M. 324 , 721 P.2d 392 (holding that denying the defendant a hearing or inquiry into whether his waiver of counsel was knowing and intelligent was not a denial of due process because the court used the defendant’s performance during previous hearings to assess his inability to appreciate the risks of self

2023A district court may rely on and consider its knowledge from other proceedings, including the defendant’s “competency, understanding, background, education, training, experience, conduct and ability to observe procedures and protocol of the court.” State v. Chapman, 1986-NMSC-037 , ¶ 10, 104 N.M. 324 , 721 P.2d 392 (holding that denying the defendant a hearing or inquiry into whether his waiver of counsel was knowing and intelligent was not a denial of due process because the court used the defendant’s performance during previous hearings to assess his inability to appreciate the risks of self

22021–2023
Marvin Martin v. James H. Rose William Leech green
ca6 · 1984
2 sentences

2022Additionally, the court could “question the defendant to determine whether he [or she] understands the implications and consequences of the attorney’s proposed tactic and agrees to waive his [or her] right to effective assistance of counsel at trial.” Martin, 744 F.2d at 1251-52 ; see State v. Chapman, 1986-NMSC-037 , ¶ 10, 104 N.M. 324 , 721 P.2d 392 (“[T]he trial court must determine if a defendant is making a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel and fully understands the dangers of self-representation.”). 18 2.

2022Additionally, the court could “question the defendant to determine whether he [or she] understands the implications and consequences of the attorney’s proposed tactic and agrees to waive his [or her] right to effective assistance of counsel at trial.” Martin, 744 F.2d at 1251-52 ; see State v. Chapman, 1986-NMSC-037 , ¶ 10, 104 N.M. 324 , 721 P.2d 392 (“[T]he trial court must determine if a defendant is making a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel and fully understands the dangers of self-representation.”). 2.

22022–2022
State v. Martinez green
nm · 1999
2 sentences

2021The State’s claim that Defendant made a knowing and intelligent waiver is precluded by our affirmance of the district court’s conclusions {41} The State also argues that the Defendant made a “knowing, intelligent voluntary waiver of rights[.]” The State cites to Martinez, 1999-NMSC-018, ¶ 19 , for the proposition that a valid waiver “need not be express, but may be determined implicitly from an evaluation of the facts and circumstances of the interrogation.” {42} However, our foregoing analysis affirms the district court’s conclusion that Defendant lacked the requisite awareness to make a vali

2015“In determining a knowing and intelligent waiver of rights, we ascertain whether [Child] was fully aware of the nature of the right he was waiving and the consequences of abandoning the right.” Martinez, 1999-NMSC-018, ¶ 21 .

22015–2021
State v. Garza green
nm · 2009
2 sentences

2023See Castillo, 1990-NMCA-043 ¶ 12 (reversing where the “defendant was not advised of any of the hazards of self-representation . . . except that he would be expected to follow the rules of law and courtroom procedure”); cf. State v. Plouse, 2003-NMCA-048, ¶¶ 24-25 , 133 N.M. 495 , 64 P.3d 522 (finding a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel where the district court engaged in a lengthy and in-depth colloquy with the defendant regarding the hazards inherent in self- representation), abrogated on other grounds by State v. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 48 , 146 N.M. 499 , 212 P.3d 387 ;

2023See Castillo, 1990-NMCA-043 ¶ 12 (reversing where the “defendant was not advised of any of the hazards of self-representation . . . except that he would be expected to follow the rules of law and courtroom procedure”); cf. State v. Plouse, 2003-NMCA-048, ¶¶ 24-25 , 133 N.M. 495 , 64 P.3d 522 (finding a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel where the district court engaged in a lengthy and in-depth colloquy with the defendant regarding the hazards inherent in self- representation), abrogated on other grounds by State v. Garza, 2009-NMSC-038, ¶ 48 , 146 N.M. 499 , 212 P.3d 387 ;

12023–2023
State v. Barela green
nmctapp · 2018
1 sentence

2022“Once a defendant makes a clear and unequivocal statement that can reasonably be understood to invoke the right to self- representation, the [district] court has a duty to inquire further into the defendant’s waiver of the right to counsel.” Id. ¶ 45; see, e.g., State v. Vincent, 2005-NMCA-064, ¶ 11 , 137 N.M. 462 , 112 P.3d 1119 (“Because [the d]efendant expressed a desire to represent himself, the district judge was required to determine if [the d]efendant was making a ‘knowing and intelligent’ waiver of his right to an attorney.” (citation omitted)); State v. Rotibi, 1994-NMCA-003 , ¶ 3, 11

12022–2022
State v. Ketelson green
nm · 2011
2 sentences

2021A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law {18} “‘Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law and fact.’” Martinez, 2018-NMSC-007, ¶ 8 (quoting State v. Ketelson, 2011-NMSC-023, ¶ 9 , 150 N.M. 137 , 257 P.3d 957 ). {19} “‘First, we look for substantial evidence to support the district court’s factual finding[s], with deference to the district court’s review of the testimony and other evidence presented.’” Id. (alteration omitted) (quoting State v. Yazzie, 2016-NMSC- 026, ¶ 15, 376 P.3d 858 ).

2021A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law {18} “‘Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law and fact.’” Martinez, 2018-NMSC-007, ¶ 8 (quoting State v. Ketelson, 2011-NMSC-023, ¶ 9 , 150 N.M. 137 , 257 P.3d 957 ). {19} “‘First, we look for substantial evidence to support the district court’s factual finding[s], with deference to the district court’s review of the testimony and other evidence presented.’” Id. (alteration omitted) (quoting State v. Yazzie, 2016-NMSC- 026, ¶ 15, 376 P.3d 858 ).

12021–2021
Von Moltke v. Gillies green
scotus · 1948
1 sentence

2020The focus of the inquiry is on the defendant’s understanding, not the judge’s ability to read.”); see also Chapman, 1986-NMSC-037 , ¶ 10 (holding that to establish a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel “the court must inform itself” about numerous characteristics of the individual defendant, including the defendant’s “understanding, background, education, training, experience, [and] conduct”); State v. Reyes, 2005- NMCA-080, ¶ 8, 137 N.M. 727 , 114 P.3d 407 (characterizing the court’s role in establishing waiver of counsel as “the task of assessing the defendant’s understanding of the re

12020–2020
State v. Wyatt B. green
nmctapp · 2015
1 sentence

2019The defendant in Bramlett was taken into custody due to his intoxication because his “mental and physical functioning [was] so substantially impaired . . . that he ha[d] become . . . unable to care for his own safety.” Id. ¶ 21 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted) (referring to the statute that allows an intoxicated person to be restrained). {5} In contrast, in State v. Wyatt B., 2015-NMCA-110 , 359 P.3d 165 , this Court held that there was a knowing and intelligent waiver of Miranda despite a child’s voluntary intoxication.

12019–2019
State v. Vigil-Giron green
nmctapp · 2014
1 sentence

2018Moreover, it 7 appears the district court, through competency proceedings, was informed of 8 Defendant’s ability or inability to make a knowing and intelligent waiver of counsel, 9 notwithstanding the fact Defendant was ultimately found competent to stand trial. [CN 10 6] Defendant seems to argue the determination finding Defendant competent to stand 11 trial informs the district court’s decision regarding self-representation. [MIO 7] 12 However, Defendant does not cite any authority dictating a competency determination 13 and a determination of whether a defendant may represent himself are in

12018–2018
State v. Gutierrez green
nm · 2010
1 sentence

2016First we will address whether 17 Defendant’s waiver of his Miranda warnings was knowing and intelligent. 18 {11} A knowing and intelligent waiver is one that is “made with a full awareness of 19 both the nature of the right being abandoned and the consequences of the decision to 6 1 abandon it.” State v. Gutierrez, 2011-NMSC-024, ¶ 13 , 150 N.M. 232 , 258 P.3d 1024 2 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

12016–2016
State v. Aguirre green
nmctapp · 1978
12016–2016
State v. Haskins green
nmctapp · 2008
12014–2014
State v. Gilbert green
nm · 1982
11998–1998
Boykin v. Alabama green
scotus · 1969
11990–1990
Westbrook v. Arizona green
scotus · 1966
11986–1986
Miranda v. Arizona green
scotus · 1966
11985–1985
Commonwealth v. Crawford green
pa · 1976
11983–1983
State v. Greene green
nm · 1977
11982–1982
Martin P. Marston v. R. M. Oliver, Superintendent of the Virginia State Farm green
ca4 · 1973
11980–1980
State v. Sanchez green
nmctapp · 1973
11977–1977
State v. Harrison green
nmctapp · 1970
11973–1973

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NM § N.M. Stat. § 66-8-102 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 386 (1967–2026) LA 292 (1971–2026) IL 272 (1971–2026) PA 244 (1967–2026) NY 234 (1972–2026) GA 224 (1970–2026) OH 172 (1973–2026) TX 167 (1967–2025) FL 124 (1973–2026) MO 99 (1970–2025) MI 89 (1968–2026) AR 88 (1975–2026) NJ 87 (1974–2026) IN 79 (1971–2020) MD 75 (1966–2023) VA 74 (1974–2026) MA 73 (1972–2025) TN 72 (1979–2025) NC 67 (1973–2022) AL 66 (1971–2025) SC 64 (1980–2026) WA 62 (1967–2025) MS 59 (1975–2025) CO 54 (1969–2026) WV 52 (1975–2025) KS 47 (1970–2026) CT 43 (1982–2026) MN 39 (1972–2026) DC 37 (1972–2025) AZ 35 (1971–2024) NM 33 (1973–2023) UT 31 (1980–2025) NE 30 (1979–2025) IA 29 (1969–2020) WI 29 (1979–2024) VT 28 (1975–2026) ND 27 (1987–2025) OK 25 (1972–2018) OR 24 (1967–2026) DE 21 (1977–2026) ME 20 (1980–2025) AK 18 (1969–2011) HI 17 (1975–2020) MT 17 (1982–2022) NH 16 (1975–2013) RI 15 (1972–2022) ID 14 (1967–2008) SD 13 (1972–2014) WY 9 (1978–2011) KY 6 (2000–2022) NV 4 (1979–1998) VI 2 (1983–2003)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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