statute of limitations defense (South Carolina) · Go Syfert
← South Carolina issues

statute of limitations defense in South Carolina

44 South Carolina opinions name it 2 courts 1922–2025 8 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by South Carolina courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (22)

CaseFollowedCited
Davis v. Luncefordgreen
sc · 1985 · cited in 5 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1989–2006
2 sentences

2006See Davis v. Lunceford, 287 S.C. 242 , 335 S.E.2d 798 (1985); cf. Mende v. Conway Hospital, Inc., 304 S.C. 313 , 404 S.E.2d 33 (1991) (recognizing the ruling in Davis, but finding the statute of limitations defense had been waived).

2006See Davis v. Lunceford, 287 S.C. 242 , 335 S.E.2d 798 (1985); cf. Mende v. Conway Hospital, Inc., 304 S.C. 313 , 404 S.E.2d 33 (1991) (recognizing the ruling in Davis, but finding the statute of limitations defense had been waived).

35
Unisun Insurance v. Hawkinsgreen
scctapp · 2000 · cited in 2 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2014–2025
2 sentences

2025See Unisun Ins. v. Hawkins, 342 S.C. 537 , 541–43, 537 S.E.2d 559 , 561–62 (Ct. App. 2000) (explaining "objections to the sufficiency of service of process must be specific and must point out in what manner the plaintiff has failed to satisfy the rule relating to the service provisions," and holding failure to adequately allege insufficiency of service and process results in a waiver of the defense as well as a waiver of a statute of limitations defense).

2025See Unisun Ins. v. Hawkins, 342 S.C. 537 , 541–43, 537 S.E.2d 559 , 561–62 (Ct. App. 2000) (explaining "objections to the sufficiency of service of process must be specific and must point out in what manner the plaintiff has failed to satisfy the rule relating to the service provisions," and holding failure to adequately allege insufficiency of service and process results in a waiver of the defense as well as a waiver of a statute of limitations defense).

22
State v. Bodenstedtgreen
scctapp · 2009 · cited in 2 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2022–2023
2 sentences

2023Id. at 525, 674 S.E.2d at 174.

2022Id. at 525, 674 S.E.2d at 174.

22
Wagner v. Wagnergreen
scctapp · 1985 · cited in 2 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1997–2014
2 sentences

2014As to whether Plush was barred from raising the statute of limitations because he did not plead it as an affirmative defense in his answer: Wagner v. Wagner, 286 S.C. 489, 492 , 335 S.E.2d 246, 247-48 (Ct. App. 1985) (holding an affirmative defense was timely raised although it was not pled because the defense was not available at the time the answer was filed and it was promptly raised when it became available); Arant v. Kressler, 327 S.C. 225 , 228 n.1, 489 S.E.2d 206 , 208 n.1 (1997) (citing Wagner and holding a statute of limitations defense to a new claim amended at trial was "properly ra

2014As to whether Plush was barred from raising the statute of limitations because he did not plead it as an affirmative defense in his answer: Wagner v. Wagner, 286 S.C. 489, 492 , 335 S.E.2d 246, 247-48 (Ct. App. 1985) (holding an affirmative defense was timely raised although it was not pled because the defense was not available at the time the answer was filed and it was promptly raised when it became available); Arant v. Kressler, 327 S.C. 225 , 228 n.1, 489 S.E.2d 206 , 208 n.1 (1997) (citing Wagner and holding a statute of limitations defense to a new claim amended at trial was "properly ra

22
Glenn v. School District No. Five of Anderson Countygreen
scctapp · 1988 · cited in 2 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
2 sentences

1994See Glenn v. School District No. 5, 294 S.C. 530 , 366 S.E.2d 47 (Ct.App. 1988); Rules 8(c) and 12(b), SCRCP; 5 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil 2d § 1277 (1990). [2] In Ballenger v. Bowen, ___ S.C. ___, 443 S.E.2d 379 , we explained why the denial of a motion for summary judgment is not directly appealable.

1994See Glenn v. School District No. 5, 294 S.C. 530 , 366 S.E.2d 47 (Ct.App. 1988); Rules 8(c) and 12(b), SCRCP; 5 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil 2d § 1277 (1990). [2] In Ballenger v. Bowen, ___ S.C. ___, 443 S.E.2d 379 , we explained why the denial of a motion for summary judgment is not directly appealable.

22
Futch v. McAllister Towing of Georgetown, Inc.green
sc · 1999 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See Futch v. McAllister Towing of Georgetown, Inc., 335 S.C. 598, 613 , 518 S.E.2d 591, 598 (1999) (stating appellate courts need not address remaining issues when the disposition of a prior issue is dispositive).

2024See Futch v. McAllister Towing of Georgetown, Inc., 335 S.C. 598, 613 , 518 S.E.2d 591, 598 (1999) (stating appellate courts need not address remaining issues when the disposition of a prior issue is dispositive).

11
Brown v. Fingergreen
sc · 1962 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023Brown v. Finger, 240 S.C. 102, 113 , 124 S.E.2d 781, 786 (1962).

2023Brown v. Finger, 240 S.C. 102, 113 , 124 S.E.2d 781, 786 (1962).

11
First Union Nat. Bank of SC v. Sodengreen
scctapp · 1998 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022See First Union Nat'l Bank of S.C. v. Soden, 333 S.C. 554, 568 , 511 S.E.2d 372, 379 (Ct. App. 1998) ("The doctrine of unclean hands precludes a plaintiff from recovering in equity if he acted unfairly in a matter that is the subject of the litigation to the prejudice of the defendant."); McKissick v. J.F.

2022See First Union Nat'l Bank of S.C. v. Soden, 333 S.C. 554, 568 , 511 S.E.2d 372, 379 (Ct. App. 1998) ("The doctrine of unclean hands precludes a plaintiff from recovering in equity if he acted unfairly in a matter that is the subject of the litigation to the prejudice of the defendant."); McKissick v. J.F.

11
WRB Ltd. Partnership v. County of Lexingtongreen
sc · 2006 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021P'ship, 369 S.C. at 32 , 630 S.E.2d at 481 (noting an inverse condemnation plaintiff must prove the affirmative, positive, aggressive act "caused the alleged damage to the plaintiff's property").4 Under the unique facts and procedural history of this case, this is where the City's statute of limitations defense comes into play.

2021P'ship, 369 S.C. at 32 , 630 S.E.2d at 481 (noting an inverse condemnation plaintiff must prove the affirmative, positive, aggressive act "caused the alleged damage to the plaintiff's property").4 Under the unique facts and procedural history of this case, this is where the City's statute of limitations defense comes into play.

11
Parr v. Rosenthalgreen
mass · 2016 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019See, e.g. , Parr v. Rosenthal , 475 Mass. 368 , 57 N.E.3d 947 , 959 (2016) (adopting the continuous treatment **463 rule and expressly holding it "does not affect the statute of repose..."); Forshey v. Jackson , 222 W.Va. 743 , 671 S.E.2d 748 , 756 (2008) (citing 61 Am.Jur.2d Physicians, Surgeons, Etc. § 299, at 400 (2002) ("Under the 'continuous treatment' doctrine, the running of the statute of limitations is tolled when a course of treatment that includes wrongful acts or omissions has run continuously and is related to the original condition or complaint.")); Hill v. Fitzgerald , 304 Md. 6

2019See, e.g. , Parr v. Rosenthal , 475 Mass. 368 , 57 N.E.3d 947 , 959 (2016) (adopting the continuous treatment **463 rule and expressly holding it "does not affect the statute of repose..."); Forshey v. Jackson , 222 W.Va. 743 , 671 S.E.2d 748 , 756 (2008) (citing 61 Am.Jur.2d Physicians, Surgeons, Etc. § 299, at 400 (2002) ("Under the 'continuous treatment' doctrine, the running of the statute of limitations is tolled when a course of treatment that includes wrongful acts or omissions has run continuously and is related to the original condition or complaint.")); Hill v. Fitzgerald , 304 Md. 6

11
Lyles v. BMI, Inc.green
scctapp · 1987 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015“An implied waiver results from acts and conduct of the party against whom the doctrine is invoked from which an intentional relinquishment of a right is reasonably inferable.” Lyles v. BMI, Inc., 292 S.C. 153, 158-59 , 355 S.E.2d 282, 285 (Ct.App.1987).

2015“An implied waiver results from acts and conduct of the party against whom the doctrine is invoked from which an intentional relinquishment of a right is reasonably inferable.” Lyles v. BMI, Inc., 292 S.C. 153, 158-59 , 355 S.E.2d 282, 285 (Ct.App.1987).

11
Parker v. Parkergreen
sc · 1994 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015It may be expressed or implied by a party’s conduct, and it may be applied to bar a party from relying on a statute of limitations defense.” Parker v. Parker, 313 S.C. 482, 487 , 443 S.E.2d 388, 391 (1994) (citation omitted).

2015It may be expressed or implied by a party’s conduct, and it may be applied to bar a party from relying on a statute of limitations defense.” Parker v. Parker, 313 S.C. 482, 487 , 443 S.E.2d 388, 391 (1994) (citation omitted).

11
Wilder Corp. v. Wilkegreen
sc · 1998 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014As to whether Plush was estopped from asserting the statute of limitations based on promissory estoppel: Wilder Corp. v. Wilke, 330 S.C. 71, 76 , 497 S.E.2d 731, 733 (1998) ("It is axiomatic that an issue cannot be raised for the first time on appeal, but must have been raised to and ruled upon by the trial [court] to be preserved for appellate review."); Williams v. Selective Ins.

2014As to whether Plush was estopped from asserting the statute of limitations based on promissory estoppel: Wilder Corp. v. Wilke, 330 S.C. 71, 76 , 497 S.E.2d 731, 733 (1998) ("It is axiomatic that an issue cannot be raised for the first time on appeal, but must have been raised to and ruled upon by the trial [court] to be preserved for appellate review."); Williams v. Selective Ins.

11
Epstein v. Browngreen
sc · 2005 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011The judge explained that the adverse *57 ruling of the Workers' Compensation Commission would be the similar "trigger" event as the adverse jury verdict that triggered the running of the statute of limitations in Epstein v. Brown, 363 S.C. 372, 376 , 610 S.E.2d 816, 818 (2005).

2011The judge explained that the adverse *57 ruling of the Workers' Compensation Commission would be the similar "trigger" event as the adverse jury verdict that triggered the running of the statute of limitations in Epstein v. Brown, 363 S.C. 372, 376 , 610 S.E.2d 816, 818 (2005).

11
True v. Monteithgreen
sc · 1997 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
2 sentences

2004As to the circuit court’s ruling in favor of Richard Warder, David Armstrong, and Dennis Chamberlain on the statute of limitations defense: True v. Monteith , 327 S.C. 116, 119 , 489 S.E.2d 615, 616 (1997) (“Under the discovery rule, the statute of limitations begins to run from the date the injured party either knows or should know, by the exercise of reasonable diligence, that a cause of action exists for the wrongful conduct.”); S.C.

2004As to the circuit court’s ruling in favor of Richard Warder, David Armstrong, and Dennis Chamberlain on the statute of limitations defense: True v. Monteith , 327 S.C. 116, 119 , 489 S.E.2d 615, 616 (1997) (“Under the discovery rule, the statute of limitations begins to run from the date the injured party either knows or should know, by the exercise of reasonable diligence, that a cause of action exists for the wrongful conduct.”); S.C.

11
Noisette v. Ismailgreen
sc · 1991 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
2 sentences

2004Noisette v. Ismail , 304 S.C. 56, 58 , 403 S.E.2d 122, 124 (1991) (finding issue was not preserved for appellate review where the trial judge did not explicitly rule on the appellant’s argument and the appellant made no Rule 59(e), SCRCP motion to alter or amend the judgment).

2004Noisette v. Ismail , 304 S.C. 56, 58 , 403 S.E.2d 122, 124 (1991) (finding issue was not preserved for appellate review where the trial judge did not explicitly rule on the appellant’s argument and the appellant made no Rule 59(e), SCRCP motion to alter or amend the judgment).

11
State v. Burdettegreen
sc · 1999 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
1 sentence

2004Id. at 33, 515 S.E.2d at 525.

11
MacK v. Edensgreen
scctapp · 1991 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
Silvester v. Spring Valley Country Clubgreen
scctapp · 2001 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
Dillon County School District Number Two v. Lewis Sheet Metal Works, Inc.green
scctapp · 1985 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Anderson v. Shortgreen
sc · 1996 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Sauls-Baker Co. v. Atlantic Coast L.R. Co.green
sc · 1918 · cited in 1 South Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in South Carolina. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (32)

CaseCitedYears
Mende v. Conway Hospital, Inc. green
sc · 1991
2 sentences

2006See Davis v. Lunceford, 287 S.C. 242 , 335 S.E.2d 798 (1985); cf. Mende v. Conway Hospital, Inc., 304 S.C. 313 , 404 S.E.2d 33 (1991) (recognizing the ruling in Davis, but finding the statute of limitations defense had been waived).

2006See Davis v. Lunceford, 287 S.C. 242 , 335 S.E.2d 798 (1985); cf. Mende v. Conway Hospital, Inc., 304 S.C. 313 , 404 S.E.2d 33 (1991) (recognizing the ruling in Davis, but finding the statute of limitations defense had been waived).

41994–2006
Dunbar v. Carlson green
scctapp · 2000
2 sentences

2025Id. at 268 , 533 S.E.2d at 917 .

2025Id. at 268 , 533 S.E.2d at 917 .

12025–2025
Forshey v. Jackson green
wva · 2009
2 sentences

2019See, e.g. , Parr v. Rosenthal , 475 Mass. 368 , 57 N.E.3d 947 , 959 (2016) (adopting the continuous treatment **463 rule and expressly holding it "does not affect the statute of repose..."); Forshey v. Jackson , 222 W.Va. 743 , 671 S.E.2d 748 , 756 (2008) (citing 61 Am.Jur.2d Physicians, Surgeons, Etc. § 299, at 400 (2002) ("Under the 'continuous treatment' doctrine, the running of the statute of limitations is tolled when a course of treatment that includes wrongful acts or omissions has run continuously and is related to the original condition or complaint.")); Hill v. Fitzgerald , 304 Md. 6

2019See, e.g. , Parr v. Rosenthal , 475 Mass. 368 , 57 N.E.3d 947 , 959 (2016) (adopting the continuous treatment **463 rule and expressly holding it "does not affect the statute of repose..."); Forshey v. Jackson , 222 W.Va. 743 , 671 S.E.2d 748 , 756 (2008) (citing 61 Am.Jur.2d Physicians, Surgeons, Etc. § 299, at 400 (2002) ("Under the 'continuous treatment' doctrine, the running of the statute of limitations is tolled when a course of treatment that includes wrongful acts or omissions has run continuously and is related to the original condition or complaint.")); Hill v. Fitzgerald , 304 Md. 6

12019–2019
Hill v. Fitzgerald green
md · 1985
2 sentences

2019See, e.g. , Parr v. Rosenthal , 475 Mass. 368 , 57 N.E.3d 947 , 959 (2016) (adopting the continuous treatment **463 rule and expressly holding it "does not affect the statute of repose..."); Forshey v. Jackson , 222 W.Va. 743 , 671 S.E.2d 748 , 756 (2008) (citing 61 Am.Jur.2d Physicians, Surgeons, Etc. § 299, at 400 (2002) ("Under the 'continuous treatment' doctrine, the running of the statute of limitations is tolled when a course of treatment that includes wrongful acts or omissions has run continuously and is related to the original condition or complaint.")); Hill v. Fitzgerald , 304 Md. 6

2019See, e.g. , Parr v. Rosenthal , 475 Mass. 368 , 57 N.E.3d 947 , 959 (2016) (adopting the continuous treatment **463 rule and expressly holding it "does not affect the statute of repose..."); Forshey v. Jackson , 222 W.Va. 743 , 671 S.E.2d 748 , 756 (2008) (citing 61 Am.Jur.2d Physicians, Surgeons, Etc. § 299, at 400 (2002) ("Under the 'continuous treatment' doctrine, the running of the statute of limitations is tolled when a course of treatment that includes wrongful acts or omissions has run continuously and is related to the original condition or complaint.")); Hill v. Fitzgerald , 304 Md. 6

12019–2019
Vicary v. Town of Awendaw green
sc · 2018
2 sentences

2019LOCKEMY, C.J.: **50 This case comes before this court on remand after our supreme court's decision in Vicary v. Town of Awendaw , 425 S.C. 350 , 822 S.E.2d 600 (2018), with instructions to address the Town of Awendaw's arguments that the circuit court erred in finding: (1) the Town never received a proper petition requesting the annexation of land within the Francis Marion National Forest (Ten-Foot Strip); (2) the Town falsely claimed it had a proper petition to annex the Ten-Foot Strip; (3) the Town was estopped from asserting a statute of limitations defense; and (4) the statutory time perio

2019LOCKEMY, C.J.: **50 This case comes before this court on remand after our supreme court's decision in Vicary v. Town of Awendaw , 425 S.C. 350 , 822 S.E.2d 600 (2018), with instructions to address the Town of Awendaw's arguments that the circuit court erred in finding: (1) the Town never received a proper petition requesting the annexation of land within the Francis Marion National Forest (Ten-Foot Strip); (2) the Town falsely claimed it had a proper petition to annex the Ten-Foot Strip; (3) the Town was estopped from asserting a statute of limitations defense; and (4) the statutory time perio

12019–2019
Andrews v. Lakeshore Rehabilitation Hospital green
ca11 · 1998
1 sentence

2018Hosp. , 140 F.3d 1405 , 1408 (11th Cir. 1998), a motion to dismiss on such grounds is properly brought pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) rather than Rule 21, SCRCP.

12018–2018
Ranier v. Stuart and Freida, PC green
oklacivapp · 1994
1 sentence

2015Accordingly, we now adopt the following statement in Ranier as the statute of limitations standard for legal malpractice suits: "If it appears that the client knew of the harm before the case is finally determined on appeal, the statute of limitations begins to run from the time the underlying injury occurs or upon the client's awareness of the alleged negligence." Ranier, 887 P.2d at 343 .

12015–2015
Darius v. City of Boston green
mass · 2001
1 sentence

2014Darius v. City of Boston, 433 Mass. 274 , 741 N.E.2d 52 , 57 (2001).

12014–2014
Arant v. Kressler green
sc · 1997
2 sentences

2014As to whether Plush was barred from raising the statute of limitations because he did not plead it as an affirmative defense in his answer: Wagner v. Wagner, 286 S.C. 489, 492 , 335 S.E.2d 246, 247-48 (Ct. App. 1985) (holding an affirmative defense was timely raised although it was not pled because the defense was not available at the time the answer was filed and it was promptly raised when it became available); Arant v. Kressler, 327 S.C. 225 , 228 n.1, 489 S.E.2d 206 , 208 n.1 (1997) (citing Wagner and holding a statute of limitations defense to a new claim amended at trial was "properly ra

2014As to whether Plush was barred from raising the statute of limitations because he did not plead it as an affirmative defense in his answer: Wagner v. Wagner, 286 S.C. 489, 492 , 335 S.E.2d 246, 247-48 (Ct. App. 1985) (holding an affirmative defense was timely raised although it was not pled because the defense was not available at the time the answer was filed and it was promptly raised when it became available); Arant v. Kressler, 327 S.C. 225 , 228 n.1, 489 S.E.2d 206 , 208 n.1 (1997) (citing Wagner and holding a statute of limitations defense to a new claim amended at trial was "properly ra

12014–2014
Harvey v. South Carolina Department of Corrections green
scctapp · 2000
2 sentences

2008In Harvey v. South Carolina Department of Corrections, 338 S.C. 500 , 527 S.E.2d 765 (Ct.App.2000), the Court of Appeals reviewed a statute of limitations defense in a 1993 action filed by current or recently retired employees of the Department of Corrections complaining that their retirement benefits were only prospectively transferred from the South Carolina Retirement System to the Police Officers Retirement System.

2008In Harvey v. South Carolina Department of Corrections, 338 S.C. 500 , 527 S.E.2d 765 (Ct.App.2000), the Court of Appeals reviewed a statute of limitations defense in a 1993 action filed by current or recently retired employees of the Department of Corrections complaining that their retirement benefits were only prospectively transferred from the South Carolina Retirement System to the Police Officers Retirement System.

12008–2008
Rwe Nukem Corp. v. Ensr Corp. green
sc · 2007
2 sentences

2008RWE NUKEM, 373 S.C. at 197 , 644 S.E.2d at 734 .

2008RWE NUKEM, 373 S.C. at 197 , 644 S.E.2d at 734 .

12008–2008
Joyner v. Glimcher Properties green
scctapp · 2002
2 sentences

2006Joyner obtained a jury verdict of $2,500 against each of the two defendants in magistrate’s court in Joyner v. Glimcher Properties, 356 S.C. 460 , 589 S.E.2d 762 (Ct.App.2002).

2006Joyner obtained a jury verdict of $2,500 against each of the two defendants in magistrate’s court in Joyner v. Glimcher Properties, 356 S.C. 460 , 589 S.E.2d 762 (Ct.App.2002).

12006–2006
McLendon v. DEPT. OF HWYS. & PUB. TRANSP. green
sc · 1994
1 sentence

2004Id. at 525-26, 443 S.E.2d at 540 .

12004–2004
Ravan v. Greenville County green
scctapp · 1993
12001–2001
Garner Ex Rel. Estate of Garner v. Houck green
sc · 1993
12000–2000
Rink v. Richland Memorial Hospital green
sc · 1992
11999–1999
Norris v. State neutral
sc · 1999
11999–1999
Preer v. Mims green
sc · 1996
11997–1997
McDonnell v. CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL DISTRICT OF AIKEN green
sc · 1994
11997–1997
Vines v. Self Memorial Hospital green
sc · 1994
11996–1996
Ex Parte Reichlyn green
sc · 1993
11994–1994
Moyd v. Johnson green
sc · 1986
11994–1994
Ballenger v. Bowen green
sc · 1994
11994–1994
Don Shevey & Spires, Inc. v. American Motors Realty Corp. green
sc · 1983
11985–1985
Gattis v. Chavez green
scd · 1976
11982–1982
Mills v. Killian green
sc · 1979
11982–1982
Livingston v. Sims green
· 1941
11982–1982
Benbow v. Levi neutral
sc · 1897
11922–1922
Young v. McNeill green
sc · 1907
11922–1922
Breeden v. Moore green
sc · 1909
11922–1922
Pope v. Patterson green
· 1907
11922–1922
Milton v. Pace neutral
sc · 1910
11922–1922

Statutes the citing opinions construe

SC § S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530 (13) SC § S.C. Code Ann. § 14-3-330 (4) SC § S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-545 (4) SC § S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-535 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NY 423 (1894–2026) CA 395 (1864–2026) TX 189 (1940–2026) CT 184 (1909–2026) IL 177 (1887–2025) FL 173 (1972–2026) PA 165 (1904–2026) OH 136 (1939–2026) TN 131 (1984–2026) IN 128 (1862–2026) MI 123 (1901–2026) NC 99 (1884–2026) AL 81 (1891–2026) NJ 77 (1882–2026) IA 71 (1880–2026) AZ 70 (1969–2026) MS 67 (1877–2024) UT 58 (1906–2026) NM 58 (1946–2026) MO 48 (1978–2025) KS 48 (1905–2025) ME 46 (1982–2026) WA 46 (1985–2025) MA 46 (1931–2026) MN 46 (1894–2026) CO 45 (1976–2026) WI 45 (1884–2025) SC 44 (1922–2025) VA 40 (1906–2025) OR 40 (1917–2025) ID 38 (1977–2025) OK 36 (1875–2024) RI 35 (1890–2026) WV 33 (1902–2025) NE 32 (1982–2026) DC 30 (1978–2025) MD 30 (1944–2026) ND 28 (1912–2024) VT 24 (1996–2025) KY 24 (1917–2026) GA 24 (1848–2023) AR 24 (1914–2023) DE 20 (1987–2026) NH 20 (1993–2025) SD 16 (1912–2025) NV 16 (1979–2022) MT 16 (1933–2024) WY 12 (1925–2024) HI 10 (1967–2026) VI 10 (2002–2026) AK 10 (1987–2025) LA 5 (1967–2024)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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