standing requirement (New Jersey) · Go Syfert
← New Jersey issues

standing requirement in New Jersey

43 New Jersey opinions name it 3 courts 1854–2025 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (29)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Arthurgreen
nj · 1997 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2002–2020
2 sentences

2020The Court stated, however, that its "decisions did not address the standing requirement in cases in which a defendant clearly had abandoned or relinquished his [or her] possessory interest in the property being seized or in which his [or A-2744-19T3 11 her] participatory interest in that property had become very remote or attenuated at the time of the seizure." Ibid. (quoting State v. Arthur, 149 N.J. 1, 12-13 (1997)).

2020Ibid.8 The Court noted that despite the "broad standing rule" established by Alston and Mollica, neither "address[ed] the standing requirement in cases in which a defendant clearly had abandoned or relinquished his possessory interest in the property being seized[,] or in which his participatory interest in that property had become very remote or attenuated at the time of the seizure." Ibid. (emphasis added); see also Curry, 109 N.J. at 10 (noting "the nexus between the [seized] property and the individual defendants [may] become[] so attenuated as to eliminate standing").

23
Crescent Pk. Tenants Assoc. v. Realty Eq. Corp. of NYgreen
nj · 1971 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1983–2000
2 sentences

1997Tenants Ass’n v. Realty Equities Corp., 58 N.J. 98, 107, 275 A.2d 433 (1971); In re Tp. of Howell, 254 N.J.Super. 411, 416 , 603 A.2d 959 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 127 N.J. 548 , 606 A.2d 362 (1991). [T]he essential purposes of the standing doctrine in New Jersey____are to assure that the invocation and exercise of judicial power in a given case are appropriate.

1997Tenants Ass’n v. Realty Equities Corp., 58 N.J. 98, 107, 275 A.2d 433 (1971); In re Tp. of Howell, 254 N.J.Super. 411, 416 , 603 A.2d 959 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 127 N.J. 548 , 606 A.2d 362 (1991). [T]he essential purposes of the standing doctrine in New Jersey____are to assure that the invocation and exercise of judicial power in a given case are appropriate.

23
In Re Schillergreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1977 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
2 sentences

1985Schiller anticipated the standing rule of Tierney (citing Oswald), in a footnote, stating: “The complainant must be a relative, creditor, or perhaps have a relationship founded upon contract, trust or confidence but a stranger may not.” 148 N.J.Super. at 179, n. 3 .

1985Schiller anticipated the standing rule of Tierney (citing Oswald ), in a footnote, stating: "The complainant must be a relative, creditor, or perhaps have a relationship founded upon contract, trust or confidence but a stranger may not." 148 N.J.

22
New Jersey Citizen Action v. Riviera Motel Corp.green
njsuperctappdiv · 1997 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2001–2025
2 sentences

2006The attrition in CBTR's membership since the filing of the suit is immaterial to the issue of standing, since a change in the membership after the filing of suit does not affect standing at the time the suit was brought, but it highlights the reasoning behind the Legislature's imposition of a seven-member threshold. "[T]he essential purposes of the standing doctrine in New Jersey ... are to assure that the invocation and exercise of judicial power in a given case are appropriate ... to generate confidence in the ability of the judicial process to get to the truth of the matter and in the integ

2006The attrition in CBTR's membership since the filing of the suit is immaterial to the issue of standing, since a change in the membership after the filing of suit does not affect standing at the time the suit was brought, but it highlights the reasoning behind the Legislature's imposition of a seven-member threshold. "[T]he essential purposes of the standing doctrine in New Jersey ... are to assure that the invocation and exercise of judicial power in a given case are appropriate ... to generate confidence in the ability of the judicial process to get to the truth of the matter and in the integ

13
Thiedemann v. Mercedes-Benz USA, LLCgreen
nj · 2005 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2006–2024
2 sentences

2024In Thiedemann v. Mercedes–Benz USA, LLC, 183 N.J. 234, 248 (2005), our Supreme Court instructed that, under the CFA, "a private plaintiff must produce evidence from which a factfinder could find or infer that the plaintiff suffered an actual loss." (Emphasis added).

2006In support of its argument that a class action asserting a Consumer Fraud Act violation may be maintained only if the complaint alleges that not only the putative class representative but also all other class members suffered "ascertainable loss," U.S. Life relies upon Thiedemann v. Mercedes-Benz USA, 183 N.J. 234, 251-54 , 872 A. 2d 783 (2005); Weinberg, supra, 173 N.J. at 253-54 , 801 A. 2d 281 ; and N.J.

12
State v. Brunsgreen
nj · 2002 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
2 sentences

2020The Court stated, however, that its "decisions did not address the standing requirement in cases in which a defendant clearly had abandoned or relinquished his [or her] possessory interest in the property being seized or in which his [or A-2744-19T3 11 her] participatory interest in that property had become very remote or attenuated at the time of the seizure." Ibid. (quoting State v. Arthur, 149 N.J. 1, 12-13 (1997)).

2020In State v. Bruns, police conducted a motor vehicle stop, arrested the driver on an outstanding warrant, conducted a search of the passenger compartment after removing Evans, a passenger, and "found a [toy] gun and a large knife under the front passenger seat." 172 N.J. 40, 44 (2002).

12
Cherokee LCP Land, LLC v. City of Linden Planning Bd.green
nj · 2018 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025"Addressing the standing inquiry" at the outset of a case is "crucial because the answer determines whether the court has 'power to hear the case.'" Cherokee LCP Land, LLC v. City of Linden Planning Bd., 234 N.J. 403, 430 (2018) (citing Watkins, 124 N.J. at 418 ).

11
In Re Riverview Development, LLCgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 2010 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025In re Riverview Dev., LLC, 411 N.J.

11
State v. Currygreen
nj · 1987 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020Ibid.8 The Court noted that despite the "broad standing rule" established by Alston and Mollica, neither "address[ed] the standing requirement in cases in which a defendant clearly had abandoned or relinquished his possessory interest in the property being seized[,] or in which his participatory interest in that property had become very remote or attenuated at the time of the seizure." Ibid. (emphasis added); see also Curry, 109 N.J. at 10 (noting "the nexus between the [seized] property and the individual defendants [may] become[] so attenuated as to eliminate standing").

11
United States v. Russell B. Allengreen
ca6 · 1997 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019See, e.g. , Allen , 106 F.3d at 699 (finding that, while the third-party intervention doctrine did not apply, termination of Allen's guest status eliminated any expectation of privacy he had in his motel room).

11
Davis v. Federal Election Commissiongreen
scotus · 2008 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018Super. 214 , 224-25, 27 A.3d 1229 (App. Div. 2011) (finding that a plaintiff must have standing at the time of filing a complaint); see also Davis v. FEC , 554 U.S. 724 , 734, 128 S.Ct. 2759 , 171 L.Ed.2d 737 (2008) ("While the proof required to establish standing increases as the suit proceeds, the standing inquiry remains focused on whether the party invoking jurisdiction had the requisite stake in the outcome when the suit was filed.").

2018Super. 214 , 224-25, 27 A.3d 1229 (App. Div. 2011) (finding that a plaintiff must have standing at the time of filing a complaint); see also Davis v. FEC , 554 U.S. 724 , 734, 128 S.Ct. 2759 , 171 L.Ed.2d 737 (2008) ("While the proof required to establish standing increases as the suit proceeds, the standing inquiry remains focused on whether the party invoking jurisdiction had the requisite stake in the outcome when the suit was filed.").

11
Joseph H. Solien v. Miscellaneous Drivers And Helpers Union, Local No. 610green
ca8 · 1971 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018The interest "must be based on a right which belongs to the proposed intervenor rather than to an existing party in the suit .") (emphasis added), and Solien v. Miscellaneous Drivers & Helpers Union , 440 F.2d 124 , 132 (8th Cir. 1971) ("Intervention as of right presupposes that the applicant has a right to maintain a *290 claim for the relief sought"), with United States v. Imperial Irrigation Dist. , 559 F.2d 509 , 521 (9th Cir. 1977) ("A party seeking to intervene pursuant to [Fed.

11
John Brennan v. N.Y.C. Board Of Educationgreen
ca2 · 2001 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018City Bd. of Educ. , 260 F.3d 123 , 131 (2d Cir. 2001) ("[W]here a proposed intervenor's interests are otherwise unrepresented in an action, the standard for intervention is no more burdensome than the standing requirement."), Wade v. Goldschmidt , 673 F.2d 182 , 185 n.5 (7th Cir. 1982) (A proposed intervenor must demonstrate a direct, significant and legally protectable interest in the property at issue in the law suit.

11
cluster 347622green
ca9 · 1977 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018The interest "must be based on a right which belongs to the proposed intervenor rather than to an existing party in the suit .") (emphasis added), and Solien v. Miscellaneous Drivers & Helpers Union , 440 F.2d 124 , 132 (8th Cir. 1971) ("Intervention as of right presupposes that the applicant has a right to maintain a *290 claim for the relief sought"), with United States v. Imperial Irrigation Dist. , 559 F.2d 509 , 521 (9th Cir. 1977) ("A party seeking to intervene pursuant to [Fed.

11
Katz v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1967 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013In Rakas , the Supreme Court dispensed with a separate standing inquiry and adopted the “legitimate expectation of privacy” analysis set forth in Justice Harlan’s concurring opinion in Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 360-61 , 88 S.Ct. 507, 516 , 19 L.Ed.2d 576, 587-88 (1967) (Harlan, J., concurring), to determine the extent of a defendant’s Fourth Amendment rights.

2013In Rakas , the Supreme Court dispensed with a separate standing inquiry and adopted the “legitimate expectation of privacy” analysis set forth in Justice Harlan’s concurring opinion in Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 360-61 , 88 S.Ct. 507, 516 , 19 L.Ed.2d 576, 587-88 (1967) (Harlan, J., concurring), to determine the extent of a defendant’s Fourth Amendment rights.

11
Rakas v. Illinoisgreen
scotus · 1979 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Rakas, supra, 439 U.S. at 138-39, 143 , 99 S.Ct. at 428, 430 , 58 L.Ed.2d at 398, 401 .

2013Rakas, supra, 439 U.S. at 138-39, 143 , 99 S.Ct. at 428, 430 , 58 L.Ed.2d at 398, 401 .

11
Lewis v. Caseygreen
scotus · 1996 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006In a class action, only the putative class representative is required to satisfy any applicable standing requirement. "[Unnamed plaintiffs] need not make any individual showing of standing [in order to obtain relief], because the standing issue focuses on whether the plaintiff is properly before the court, not whether . . . absent class members are properly before the court." Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 395 , 116 S.Ct. 2174, 2201 , 135 L.Ed. 2d 606, 646 (1996) (Souter, J., concurring in part, dissenting in part) (quoting Alba Conte & Herbert Newberg, Newberg on Class Actions § 2.07 (3d ed. 1

2006In a class action, only the putative class representative is required to satisfy any applicable standing requirement. "[Unnamed plaintiffs] need not make any individual showing of standing [in order to obtain relief], because the standing issue focuses on whether the plaintiff is properly before the court, not whether . . . absent class members are properly before the court." Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 395 , 116 S.Ct. 2174, 2201 , 135 L.Ed. 2d 606, 646 (1996) (Souter, J., concurring in part, dissenting in part) (quoting Alba Conte & Herbert Newberg, Newberg on Class Actions § 2.07 (3d ed. 1

11
City of Macedonia v. DePierogreen
scotus · 2000 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
U S WEST, Inc. v. Tristanigreen
scotus · 2000 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Short v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 2000 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Steamfitters Local Union No. 420 Welfare Fund v. Philip Morris, Inc.green
ca3 · 1999 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Borough of Glassboro v. Byrnegreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1976 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
McKenney v. Byrnegreen
nj · 1980 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Borough of Glassboro v. Byrnegreen
nj · 1976 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
State v. Vaccarogreen
nj · 1976 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Kumar Corp. v. Nopal Lines, Ltd.green
fladistctapp · 1985 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Texas Ass'n of Business v. Texas Air Control Boardgreen
tex · 1993 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Southern New Jersey Newspapers, Inc. v. Township of Mt. Laurelgreen
nj · 1995 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Frank v. Clover Leaf Park Cemetery Ass'ngreen
nj · 1959 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (32)

CaseCitedYears
Weinberg v. Sprint Corp. green
nj · 2002
2 sentences

2024Once this threshold standing requirement is satisfied, the plaintiff can pursue "all available remedies . . . even if the plaintiff ultimately loses on his damage claim but does prove an unlawful practice under the Act." Ibid.

2024Super. 172, 185 (App. Div. 2006) (“Once this threshold standing requirement” -- i.e., pleading ascertainable loss -- “is satisfied, the plaintiff can pursue ‘all available remedies, including an injunction, . . . even if the plaintiff ultimately loses on his damage claim but does prove an unlawful practice under the Act.’”) (quoting Weinberg, 173 N.J. at 253 )).

52006–2024
State v. Alston green
nj · 1981
2 sentences

2013We apply the standing rule of Alston , in which the Court confirmed that a defendant has automatic standing to object to the admission of seized evidence if he or she is charged with an offense in which possession of that evidence is an essential element. 88 N.J. at 228 , 440 A.2d 1311 .

2013We apply the standing rule of Alston , in which the Court confirmed that a defendant has automatic standing to object to the admission of seized evidence if he or she is charged with an offense in which possession of that evidence is an essential element. 88 N.J. at 228 , 440 A.2d 1311 .

51997–2013
Watkins v. Resorts International Hotel & Casino Inc. green
nj · 1991
2 sentences

2025"Addressing the standing inquiry" at the outset of a case is "crucial because the answer determines whether the court has 'power to hear the case.'" Cherokee LCP Land, LLC v. City of Linden Planning Bd., 234 N.J. 403, 430 (2018) (citing Watkins, 124 N.J. at 418 ).

2018Addressing the standing inquiry at the first stage of a plaintiff's claim is crucial because the answer determines whether the court has "power to hear the case." Id. 418 , 591 A.2d 592 .

31997–2025
NJ Chamb. Commerce v. NJ Elec. Law Enforce. Comm. green
nj · 1980
2 sentences

2008Measuring "plaintiffs' status in the case against the essential purposes of the standing doctrine in New Jersey [which is] to assure that the invocation and exercise of judicial power in a given case are appropriate," we conclude that "the relationship of plaintiffs to the subject matter [is] . . . such to generate confidence in the ability of the judicial process to get to the truth of the matter and in the soundness of the final adjudication." New Jersey State Chamber of Commerce, supra 82 N.J. at 69, 411 A. 2d 168 .

2001Also, the standing doctrine serves to fulfill the paramount judicial responsibility of a court to seek just and expeditious determinations on the ultimate merits of deserving controversies. [ New Jersey State Chamber of Commerce v. New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Comm'n, 82 N.J. 57, 69 , 411 A. 2d 168 (1980).] Consequently, the New Jersey Supreme Court has held that "standing is an element of justiciability that cannot be waived or conferred by consent." In re Adoption of Baby T., supra, 160 N.J. at 341 , 734 A. 2d 304 (citing New Jersey Citizen Action v. Riviera Motel Corp., 296 N.J.Super

31997–2008
Laufer v. US Life Ins. Co. green
njsuperctappdiv · 2006
2 sentences

2019"Therefore, only the named plaintiff ... is required to satisfy the threshold standing requirement of 'a claim of ascertainable loss that can survive a motion for summary judgment.' " Id. at 186 , 896 A.2d 1101 (quoting Weinberg , 173 N.J. at 253 , 801 A.2d 281 ).

2019"Therefore, only the named plaintiff ... is required to satisfy the threshold standing requirement of 'a claim of ascertainable loss that can survive a motion for summary judgment.' " Id. at 186 , 896 A.2d 1101 (quoting Weinberg , 173 N.J. at 253 , 801 A.2d 281 ).

22019–2019
Almog v. Israel Travel Advisory Service, Inc. green
nj · 1998
2 sentences

2006The attrition in CBTR's membership since the filing of the suit is immaterial to the issue of standing, since a change in the membership after the filing of suit does not affect standing at the time the suit was brought, but it highlights the reasoning behind the Legislature's imposition of a seven-member threshold. "[T]he essential purposes of the standing doctrine in New Jersey ... are to assure that the invocation and exercise of judicial power in a given case are appropriate ... to generate confidence in the ability of the judicial process to get to the truth of the matter and in the integ

2006The attrition in CBTR's membership since the filing of the suit is immaterial to the issue of standing, since a change in the membership after the filing of suit does not affect standing at the time the suit was brought, but it highlights the reasoning behind the Legislature's imposition of a seven-member threshold. "[T]he essential purposes of the standing doctrine in New Jersey ... are to assure that the invocation and exercise of judicial power in a given case are appropriate ... to generate confidence in the ability of the judicial process to get to the truth of the matter and in the integ

22001–2006
State v. Mollica green
nj · 1989
2 sentences

1997Although State v. Alston, 88 N.J. 211, 227-29 , 440 A.2d 1311 (1981), and State v. Mollica, 114 N.J. 329, 339 , 554 A.2d 1315 (1989), established a broad standing rule, those decisions did not address the standing requirement in cases in which a defendant clearly had abandoned or relinquished his possessory interest in the property being seized or in which his participatory interest in that property had *13 become very remote or attenuated at the time of the seizure.

1997Although State v. Alston, 88 N.J. 211, 227-29 , 440 A.2d 1311 (1981), and State v. Mollica, 114 N.J. 329, 339 , 554 A.2d 1315 (1989), established a broad standing rule, those decisions did not address the standing requirement in cases in which a defendant clearly had abandoned or relinquished his possessory interest in the property being seized or in which his participatory interest in that property had *13 become very remote or attenuated at the time of the seizure.

21997–2004
Irval Realty Inc. v. Board of Public Utility Commissioners green
nj · 1972
2 sentences

1991Although the Legislature did not curtail or affect the common-law right to inspect and examine public records, Irval Realty, supra, 61 N.J. at 373 , 294 A.2d 425 , it did eliminate the standing requirement for access; under the Right to Know Law, one need only be a citizen of the State to obtain access to public records.

1991Although the Legislature did not curtail or affect the common-law right to inspect and examine public records, Irval Realty, supra, 61 N.J. at 373 , 294 A.2d 425 , it did eliminate the standing requirement for access; under the Right to Know Law, one need only be a citizen of the State to obtain access to public records.

21991–1996
State v. Johnson green
nj · 2008
2 sentences

2024Instead, this Court considered whether, despite his efforts to disclaim the bag, the defendant’s standing to challenge the search survived, “either because he retained a proprietary, possessory, or participatory interest in the duffel bag and its contents or because the seized evidence was necessary to prove an essential element of the crime charged.” Ibid.

2024In finding that his standing did survive, we stressed a basic principle of our automatic standing rule -- “that a defendant should not have to sacrifice his right against self-incrimination to assert his constitutional right to be free from an unlawful search.” Id. at 551 .

12024–2024
State v. Amir Randolph(076506) (Hudson County and Statewide) green
nj · 2017
1 sentence

2024In making its concession, the State cited our Supreme Court's discussion in State v. Randolph about an individual's reasonable expectation of privacy in the context of its analysis of a defendant's standing to challenge a search or seizure of evidence—contraband—supporting pending possessory offenses, such as unlawful possession of a CDS, firearm, or weapon. 228 N.J. 566 , 571- 72 (2017); see also State v. Gartrell, 256 N.J. 241 , 254 (2024) (noting an individual's reasonable expectation of privacy is not pertinent to a determination of standing).

12024–2024
cluster 773807 green
ca6 · 2001
1 sentence

2020Id. at 370 .

12020–2020
Wade v. Goldschmidt green
ca7 · 1982
1 sentence

2018City Bd. of Educ. , 260 F.3d 123 , 131 (2d Cir. 2001) ("[W]here a proposed intervenor's interests are otherwise unrepresented in an action, the standard for intervention is no more burdensome than the standing requirement."), Wade v. Goldschmidt , 673 F.2d 182 , 185 n.5 (7th Cir. 1982) (A proposed intervenor must demonstrate a direct, significant and legally protectable interest in the property at issue in the law suit.

12018–2018
DEUTSCHE BANK NAT. v. Mitchell green
njsuperctappdiv · 2011
1 sentence

2018Super. 214 , 224-25, 27 A.3d 1229 (App. Div. 2011) (finding that a plaintiff must have standing at the time of filing a complaint); see also Davis v. FEC , 554 U.S. 724 , 734, 128 S.Ct. 2759 , 171 L.Ed.2d 737 (2008) ("While the proof required to establish standing increases as the suit proceeds, the standing inquiry remains focused on whether the party invoking jurisdiction had the requisite stake in the outcome when the suit was filed.").

12018–2018
State v. Hunt green
nj · 1982
12005–2005
United States v. Miller red
scotus · 1976
12005–2005
Troxel v. Granville green
scotus · 2000
12003–2003
Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders v. Beretta U.S.A. Corp. green
njd · 2000
12003–2003
In Re the Adoption of Baby T. green
nj · 1999
12001–2001
Franklin Building Corp. v. City of Ocean City green
njd · 1996
11998–1998
State v. Smith green
njsuperctappdiv · 1996
11997–1997
National Waste Recycling, Inc. v. Middlesex County Improvement Authority green
njsuperctappdiv · 1996
11997–1997
Crego v. Carp green
nj · 1997
11997–1997
Tynan v. General Motors Corporation green
nj · 1991
11997–1997
South Jersey Publishing Co. v. New Jersey Expressway Authority green
nj · 1991
11997–1997
In Re Application of Township of Howell, Monmouth County green
njsuperctappdiv · 1991
11997–1997
Williams v. Mayor of Baltimore green
scotus · 1933
11984–1984
Barrows v. Jackson green
scotus · 1953
11975–1975
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. Summerfield neutral
cadc · 1955
11957–1957
City Bank Farmers Trust Co. v. McCarter neutral
njch · 1932
11946–1946
Ward v. Peck green
mass · 1873
11897–1897
Badger v. McNamara neutral
mass · 1877
11897–1897
Buloid v. Miller neutral
nychanct · 1834
11854–1854

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NJ § N.J. Stat. § 2C:35-5 (4) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 56:12-14 (4) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 56:12-15 (4) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 56:8-1 (4) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 56:12-17 (3) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 56:8-19 (3) NJ § N.J. Stat. § 56:8-2 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 479 (1978–2026) IL 242 (1869–2026) CA 232 (1968–2026) PA 166 (1894–2026) MI 156 (1970–2025) NY 116 (1899–2026) IN 112 (1973–2025) CO 81 (1977–2026) TN 78 (1980–2026) WA 78 (1978–2025) FL 72 (1974–2024) CT 60 (1978–2026) OH 54 (1975–2026) ME 53 (1975–2025) VA 51 (1876–2026) VT 51 (1909–2026) UT 43 (1987–2024) WI 43 (1974–2026) NJ 43 (1854–2025) RI 39 (1968–2023) ID 39 (1908–2026) NE 38 (1899–2025) MD 37 (1970–2025) MA 36 (1975–2025) IA 36 (1972–2025) KS 36 (1964–2026) AL 34 (1977–2025) AZ 34 (1977–2026) GA 32 (1939–2026) MO 32 (1977–2024) NC 32 (1917–2023) MT 31 (1962–2026) HI 30 (1970–2025) WY 29 (1986–2025) DC 28 (1975–2024) DE 26 (1993–2025) AK 25 (1970–2024) MN 22 (1964–2016) NM 19 (1975–2024) OR 18 (1974–2026) KY 17 (2005–2023) WV 16 (1988–2026) ND 15 (1976–2022) NH 14 (1931–2024) LA 13 (1975–2025) SC 11 (1993–2023) SD 11 (1995–2021) OK 10 (1979–2018) NV 8 (2011–2021) VI 7 (1996–2016) MS 7 (1988–2019) AR 6 (2001–2020) GU 4 (2022–2025) MP 2 (1985–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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