corollary rule (Connecticut) · Go Syfert
← Connecticut issues

corollary rule in Connecticut

37 Connecticut opinions name it 3 courts 1937–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (11)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Tufungagreen
cal · 1999 · cited in 2 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015See People v. Tufunga, 21 Cal. 4th 935, 948 , 987 P.2d 168 , 90 Cal. Rptr. 2d 143 (1999) (‘‘[a] conclusion . . . that a claim of right, for policy reasons, should no longer be recognized as a defense to robbery—even where the defendant can establish that he is taking back specific property to which he has lawful title or a bona fide claim of ownership—would mean such a defendant could be convicted of robbery based on theft of his own property, a proposition that would stand in patent conflict with both the commonsense notion that someone cannot steal his own property, and the corollary rule th

2015See People v. Tufunga, 21 Cal. 4th 935, 948 , 987 P.2d 168 , 90 Cal. Rptr. 2d 143 (1999) (‘‘[a] conclusion . . . that a claim of right, for policy reasons, should no longer be recognized as a defense to robbery—even where the defendant can establish that he is taking back specific property to which he has lawful title or a bona fide claim of ownership—would mean such a defendant could be convicted of robbery based on theft of his own property, a proposition that would stand in patent conflict with both the commonsense notion that someone cannot steal his own property, and the corollary rule th

12
Gabriel Technologies Corp. v. Qualcomm Incorporatedgreen
cafc · 2014 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024We think a corollary to this rule can be stated as follows: malice can be inferred when a party continues to prosecute an action after becoming aware that the action lacks probable cause.’’ (Citation omitted; emphasis in original.) Id., 226; see also Gabriel Technologies Corp. v. Qual- comm Inc., 560 Fed.

11
Disher v. Citigroup Global Markets, Inc.green
ilsd · 2007 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018See Butler v. Eaton , supra, 141 U.S. at 244 , 11 S.Ct. 985 (reversed judgment is "without any validity, force or effect, and ought never to have existed"); Disher v. Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. , supra, 486 F. Supp. 2d at 798 ("[a]s a corollary of the rule that reversal of a judgment leaves the parties in the same position as if the judgment had never been entered, any judgment that is dependent upon the reversed judgment is reversed as well").

11
Butler v. Eatongreen
scotus · 1891 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018See Butler v. Eaton , supra, 141 U.S. at 244 , 11 S.Ct. 985 (reversed judgment is "without any validity, force or effect, and ought never to have existed"); Disher v. Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. , supra, 486 F. Supp. 2d at 798 ("[a]s a corollary of the rule that reversal of a judgment leaves the parties in the same position as if the judgment had never been entered, any judgment that is dependent upon the reversed judgment is reversed as well").

2018See Butler v. Eaton , supra, 141 U.S. at 244 , 11 S.Ct. 985 (reversed judgment is "without any validity, force or effect, and ought never to have existed"); Disher v. Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. , supra, 486 F. Supp. 2d at 798 ("[a]s a corollary of the rule that reversal of a judgment leaves the parties in the same position as if the judgment had never been entered, any judgment that is dependent upon the reversed judgment is reversed as well").

11
Burrell v. United Statesgreen
ca2 · 2006 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014Put differently, [w]hen an appellate court has once decided an issue, the trial court, at a later stage in the litigation, is under a duty to follow the appellate court’s ruling on that issue.” (Citation omitted; emphasis added; internal quotation marks omitted.) Burrell v. United States, 467 F.3d 160, 165 (2d Cir. 2006); see also 5 Am.

11
Wayte v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1985 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598, 608 [ 105 S. Ct. 1524 , 84 L.

2010Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598, 608 [ 105 S. Ct. 1524 , 84 L.

11
Bialowas v. Commissioner of Motor Vehiclesgreen
connappct · 1997 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See Bialowas v. Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, 44 Conn. App. 702, 709 , 692 A.2d 834 (1997). *664 A With respect to the claim that the berm acted as a noise buffer, an examination of the record reveals the following.

2009See Bialowas v. Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, 44 Conn. App. 702, 709 , 692 A.2d 834 (1997). *664 A With respect to the claim that the berm acted as a noise buffer, an examination of the record reveals the following.

11
Haven v. State Board of Educationgreen
conn · 1994 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Pet v. Department of Health Servicesgreen
conn · 1988 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
DiFederico v. McNamaragreen
conn · 1980 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
Loomis Institute v. Healygreen
· 1922 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1943–1943
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Connecticut. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (38)

CaseCitedYears
Martland v. Zoning Com'n of Town of Woodbury neutral
connappct · 2009
2 sentences

2020The corollary to this rule is that absent substantial evidence in the record, a court may not affirm the deci- sion of the board.’’ (Citations omitted; internal quota- tion marks omitted.) Martland v. Zoning Commission, 114 Conn. App. 655, 663 , 971 A.2d 53 (2009).

2020The corollary to this rule is that absent substantial evidence in the record, a court may not affirm the deci- sion of the board.’’ (Citations omitted; internal quota- tion marks omitted.) Martland v. Zoning Commission, 114 Conn. App. 655, 663 , 971 A.2d 53 (2009).

22013–2020
City of Meriden v. Planning & Zoning Commission green
connappct · 2013
2 sentences

2019The corollary to this rule is that absent substantial evidence in the record, a court may not affirm the decision of the board.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 246–47.

2016The corollary to this rule is that absent substantial evidence in the record, a court may not affirm the decision of the board." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Meriden v. Planning & Zoning Commission , 146 Conn.App. 240 , 247, 77 A.3d 859 (2013).

22016–2019
Doyle v. Ohio green
scotus · 1976
2 sentences

2017As a corollary to the privilege against self-incrimination, the United States Supreme Court held in Doyle v. Ohio , 426 U.S. 610 , 617-18, 96 S.Ct. 2240 , 49 L.Ed.2d 91 (1976), that a state may not use a defendant's post- Miranda silence to imply that he is guilty of the crime charged.

2017As a corollary to the privilege against self-incrimination, the United States Supreme Court held in Doyle v. Ohio , 426 U.S. 610 , 617-18, 96 S.Ct. 2240 , 49 L.Ed.2d 91 (1976), that a state may not use a defendant's post- Miranda silence to imply that he is guilty of the crime charged.

22016–2017
State v. Roque green
conn · 1983
2 sentences

1986A corollary rule is that the words of a statute are to be construed with common sense and ‘according to the commonly approved usage of the language.’ General Statutes § 1-1; State v. Belton, 190 Conn. 496, 506 , 461 A.2d 973 (1983); State v. Roque, 190 Conn. 143, 151 , 460 A.2d 26 (1983).” State v. Pellegrino, 194 Conn. 279, 284 , 480 A.2d 537 (1984).

1986A corollary rule is that the words of a statute are to be construed with common sense and ‘according to the commonly approved usage of the language.’ General Statutes § 1-1; State v. Belton, 190 Conn. 496, 506 , 461 A.2d 973 (1983); State v. Roque, 190 Conn. 143, 151 , 460 A.2d 26 (1983).” State v. Pellegrino, 194 Conn. 279, 284 , 480 A.2d 537 (1984).

21984–1986
State v. Belton green
conn · 1983
2 sentences

1986A corollary rule is that the words of a statute are to be construed with common sense and ‘according to the commonly approved usage of the language.’ General Statutes § 1-1; State v. Belton, 190 Conn. 496, 506 , 461 A.2d 973 (1983); State v. Roque, 190 Conn. 143, 151 , 460 A.2d 26 (1983).” State v. Pellegrino, 194 Conn. 279, 284 , 480 A.2d 537 (1984).

1986A corollary rule is that the words of a statute are to be construed with common sense and ‘according to the commonly approved usage of the language.’ General Statutes § 1-1; State v. Belton, 190 Conn. 496, 506 , 461 A.2d 973 (1983); State v. Roque, 190 Conn. 143, 151 , 460 A.2d 26 (1983).” State v. Pellegrino, 194 Conn. 279, 284 , 480 A.2d 537 (1984).

21984–1986
State v. Geisler green
conn · 1992
2 sentences

2025Second, the acquittee claims that § 17a-593 violates his equal protection rights under the Connecticut constitution and provides an independent analysis under State v. Geisler, 222 Conn. 672, 684–86, 610 A.2d 1225 (1992), in support of his argument that the state constitution provides him with greater protection than the federal constitution.

2025Second, the acquittee claims that § 17a-593 violates his equal protection rights under the Connecticut constitution and provides an independent analysis under State v. Geisler, 222 Conn. 672, 684–86, 610 A.2d 1225 (1992), in support of his argument that the state constitution provides him with greater protection than the federal constitution.

12025–2025
State v. D'Antonio green
conn · 2005
2 sentences

2025Page 10 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0 12 ,0 0 Conn. 1 State v. Petteway eyes open’’ (internal quotation marks omitted)); State v. D’Antonio, 274 Conn. 658, 712 , 877 A.2d 696 (2005) (describing purpose of canvass).

2025Page 10 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0 12 ,0 0 Conn. 1 State v. Petteway eyes open’’ (internal quotation marks omitted)); State v. D’Antonio, 274 Conn. 658, 712 , 877 A.2d 696 (2005) (describing purpose of canvass).

12025–2025
Putnam Park Apartments, Inc. v. Planning & Zoning Commission neutral
connappct · 2019
1 sentence

2024The corollary to this rule is that absent substantial evidence in the record, a court may not affirm the decision of the board.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Putnam Park Apartments, Inc. v. Planning & Zoning Commission, 193 Conn. App. 42, 54 , 218 A.3d 1127 (2019). ‘‘When a zoning com- mission has stated a reason for denying a special permit application . . . the question for the court to pass on is simply whether the reasons assigned are reasonably supported by the record and whether they are pertinent to the considerations [that] the commission is required to apply under the zoning r

12024–2024
State v. Goldson green
conn · 1979
2 sentences

2018Admittedly, this court stated in Goldson that, "[i]f separate charges explicitly addressing different temporal aspects of the same conduct do not avoid the double jeopardy clause, surely an information and bill of particulars stipulating a single date and time cannot do so." State v. Goldson , supra, 178 Conn. at 425 , 423 A.2d 114 .

2018Admittedly, this court stated in Goldson that, "[i]f separate charges explicitly addressing different temporal aspects of the same conduct do not avoid the double jeopardy clause, surely an information and bill of particulars stipulating a single date and time cannot do so." State v. Goldson , supra, 178 Conn. at 425 , 423 A.2d 114 .

12018–2018
Edwards v. State green
wis · 1970
2 sentences

2015See People v. Tufunga, 21 Cal. 4th 935, 948 , 987 P.2d 168 , 90 Cal. Rptr. 2d 143 (1999) (‘‘[a] conclusion . . . that a claim of right, for policy reasons, should no longer be recognized as a defense to robbery—even where the defendant can establish that he is taking back specific property to which he has lawful title or a bona fide claim of ownership—would mean such a defendant could be convicted of robbery based on theft of his own property, a proposition that would stand in patent conflict with both the commonsense notion that someone cannot steal his own property, and the corollary rule th

2015See People v. Tufunga, 21 Cal. 4th 935, 948 , 987 P.2d 168 , 90 Cal. Rptr. 2d 143 (1999) (‘‘[a] conclusion . . . that a claim of right, for policy reasons, should no longer be recognized as a defense to robbery—even where the defendant can establish that he is taking back specific property to which he has lawful title or a bona fide claim of ownership—would mean such a defendant could be convicted of robbery based on theft of his own property, a proposition that would stand in patent conflict with both the commonsense notion that someone cannot steal his own property, and the corollary rule th

12015–2015
Samuels v. Commissioner of Correction green
connappct · 2009
2 sentences

2011While there is no precise definition of either [substantive or procedural law], it is generally agreed that a substantive law creates, defines and regulates rights while a procedural law prescribes the methods of enforcing such rights or obtaining redress.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Samuels v. Commissioner of Correction, 117 Conn. App. 740, 744 , 980 A.2d 945 (2009).

2011While there is no precise definition of either [substantive or procedural law], it is generally agreed that a substantive law creates, defines and regulates rights while a procedural law prescribes the methods of enforcing such rights or obtaining redress.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Samuels v. Commissioner of Correction, 117 Conn. App. 740, 744 , 980 A.2d 945 (2009).

12011–2011
State v. Skakel green
conn · 2006
2 sentences

2009While there is no precise definition of either [substantive or procedural law], it is generally agreed that a substantive law creates, defines and regulates rights while a procedural law prescribes the methods of enforcing such rights or obtaining redress.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Skakel, 276 Conn. 633, 679-81 , 888 A.2d 985 , cert. denied, 549 U.S. 1030 , *745 127 S. Ct. 578 , 166 L.

2009While there is no precise definition of either [substantive or procedural law], it is generally agreed that a substantive law creates, defines and regulates rights while a procedural law prescribes the methods of enforcing such rights or obtaining redress.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Skakel, 276 Conn. 633, 679-81 , 888 A.2d 985 , cert. denied, 549 U.S. 1030 , *745 127 S. Ct. 578 , 166 L.

12009–2009
Miano v. Thorne green
conn · 1991
2 sentences

2006As a corollary to this principle, we also “have presumed that procedural or remedial statutes are intended to apply retroactively absent a clear expression of legislative intent to the contrary . . . .” 43 Miano v. Thorne, 218 Conn. 170, 175 , 588 A.2d 189 (1991); accord In re Daniel H., supra, 237 Conn. 372 -73.

2006As a corollary to this principle, we also “have presumed that procedural or remedial statutes are intended to apply retroactively absent a clear expression of legislative intent to the contrary . . . .” 43 Miano v. Thorne, 218 Conn. 170, 175 , 588 A.2d 189 (1991); accord In re Daniel H., supra, 237 Conn. 372 -73.

12006–2006
Carr v. Planning & Zoning Commission green
conn · 2005
2 sentences

2006“While there is no precise definition of either [substan tive or procedural law], it is generally agreed that a substantive law creates, defines and regulates rights while a procedural law prescribes the methods of enforcing such rights or obtaining redress.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Carr v. Planning & Zoning Commission, 273 Conn. 573, 593 , 872 A.2d 385 (2005).

2006“While there is no precise definition of either [substan tive or procedural law], it is generally agreed that a substantive law creates, defines and regulates rights while a procedural law prescribes the methods of enforcing such rights or obtaining redress.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Carr v. Planning & Zoning Commission, 273 Conn. 573, 593 , 872 A.2d 385 (2005).

12006–2006
Hardware Mutual Casualty Co. v. Premo green
conn · 1966
2 sentences

2006Hardware Mutual Casualty Co. v. Premo, 153 Conn. 465, 470-71 , 217 A.2d 698 (1966).

2006Hardware Mutual Casualty Co. v. Premo, 153 Conn. 465, 470-71 , 217 A.2d 698 (1966).

12006–2006
AvalonBay Communities, Inc. v. Plan & Zoning Commission green
conn · 2002
2 sentences

2005Thus, I believe that the majority's reliance on the rule enunciated in AvalonBay Communities, Inc. v. Plan & Zoning Commission, supra, 260 Conn. at 246 , 796 A.2d 1164 , that courts always have jurisdiction to effectuate their judgments, and the corollary rule that courts always have jurisdiction to modify injunctions, is misplaced.

2005Thus, I believe that the majority's reliance on the rule enunciated in AvalonBay Communities, Inc. v. Plan & Zoning Commission, supra, 260 Conn. at 246 , 796 A.2d 1164 , that courts always have jurisdiction to effectuate their judgments, and the corollary rule that courts always have jurisdiction to modify injunctions, is misplaced.

12005–2005
McCleskey v. Kemp green
scotus · 1987
1 sentence

2005Thus, to prevail under the Equal Protection Clause, [the petitioner] must prove that the decisionmakers in his case acted with discriminatory purpose.” (Citations omitted; emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) Id.

12005–2005
Carbone v. Zoning Board of Appeals of Hartford green
conn · 1940
2 sentences

2000A corollary to this rule is that "[t]ime requirements are mandatory and, if not complied with, render the appeal subject to abatement." Valley Cable Vision, Inc. v. Public Utilities Commission , 175 Conn. 30 , 32 , 392 A.2d 485 (1978). "`Statutes and special laws . . . fixing a rather brief time in which appeals may be taken to the courts from the orders and decisions of [municipal] boards are evidently designed to secure in the public interest a speedy CT Page 14188 determination of the issues involved; and to make it possible to proceed in the matter as soon as the time to take an appeal has

2000A corollary to this rule is that "[t]ime requirements are mandatory and, if not complied with, render the appeal subject to abatement." Valley Cable Vision, Inc. v. Public Utilities Commission , 175 Conn. 30 , 32 , 392 A.2d 485 (1978). "`Statutes and special laws . . . fixing a rather brief time in which appeals may be taken to the courts from the orders and decisions of [municipal] boards are evidently designed to secure in the public interest a speedy CT Page 14188 determination of the issues involved; and to make it possible to proceed in the matter as soon as the time to take an appeal has

12000–2000
Daley v. Board of Police Commissioners of East Hartford green
conn · 1947
2 sentences

2000A corollary to this rule is that "[t]ime requirements are mandatory and, if not complied with, render the appeal subject to abatement." Valley Cable Vision, Inc. v. Public Utilities Commission , 175 Conn. 30 , 32 , 392 A.2d 485 (1978). "`Statutes and special laws . . . fixing a rather brief time in which appeals may be taken to the courts from the orders and decisions of [municipal] boards are evidently designed to secure in the public interest a speedy CT Page 14188 determination of the issues involved; and to make it possible to proceed in the matter as soon as the time to take an appeal has

2000A corollary to this rule is that "[t]ime requirements are mandatory and, if not complied with, render the appeal subject to abatement." Valley Cable Vision, Inc. v. Public Utilities Commission , 175 Conn. 30 , 32 , 392 A.2d 485 (1978). "`Statutes and special laws . . . fixing a rather brief time in which appeals may be taken to the courts from the orders and decisions of [municipal] boards are evidently designed to secure in the public interest a speedy CT Page 14188 determination of the issues involved; and to make it possible to proceed in the matter as soon as the time to take an appeal has

12000–2000
Valley Cable Vision, Inc. v. Public Utilities Commission green
conn · 1978
2 sentences

2000A corollary to this rule is that "[t]ime requirements are mandatory and, if not complied with, render the appeal subject to abatement." Valley Cable Vision, Inc. v. Public Utilities Commission , 175 Conn. 30 , 32 , 392 A.2d 485 (1978). "`Statutes and special laws . . . fixing a rather brief time in which appeals may be taken to the courts from the orders and decisions of [municipal] boards are evidently designed to secure in the public interest a speedy CT Page 14188 determination of the issues involved; and to make it possible to proceed in the matter as soon as the time to take an appeal has

2000A corollary to this rule is that "[t]ime requirements are mandatory and, if not complied with, render the appeal subject to abatement." Valley Cable Vision, Inc. v. Public Utilities Commission , 175 Conn. 30 , 32 , 392 A.2d 485 (1978). "`Statutes and special laws . . . fixing a rather brief time in which appeals may be taken to the courts from the orders and decisions of [municipal] boards are evidently designed to secure in the public interest a speedy CT Page 14188 determination of the issues involved; and to make it possible to proceed in the matter as soon as the time to take an appeal has

12000–2000
Dreier v. Upjohn Co. green
conn · 1985
2 sentences

1999This statement is but a corollary of the rule [our Supreme Court has] consistently followed under which statements in withdrawn or superseded pleadings, including complaints, may be considered as evidential admissions by the party making them, just as would any extrajudicial statements of the same import.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Dreier v. Upjohn Co., 196 Conn. 242, 244 , 492 A.2d 164 (1985).

1999This statement is but a corollary of the rule [our Supreme Court has] consistently followed under which statements in withdrawn or superseded pleadings, including complaints, may be considered as evidential admissions by the party making them, just as would any extrajudicial statements of the same import.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Dreier v. Upjohn Co., 196 Conn. 242, 244 , 492 A.2d 164 (1985).

11999–1999
Greenberg v. Harrison green
conn · 1956
2 sentences

1997As noted in Model Business Corporation Annotated, supra , a corollary of this rule is illustrated by a case like Greenberg v. Harrison, 143 Conn. 519 (1956) which held that directors must be physically present at board meetings and cannot vote by proxy, id.

1997As noted in Model Business Corporation Annotated, supra , a corollary of this rule is illustrated by a case like Greenberg v. Harrison, 143 Conn. 519 (1956) which held that directors must be physically present at board meetings and cannot vote by proxy, id.

11997–1997
Kinney v. State green
conn · 1989
2 sentences

1996The majority today inexplicably departs from the well settled corollary principle that “[w]e will not infer that the legislature intended to enact a significant change in existing law without an unequivocally expressed manifestation of legislative intent.” 5 State v. Cobb, 234 Conn. 735, 750 , 663 A.2d 948 (1995); New Haven v. State Board of Education, 228 Conn 699, 719, 638 A.2d 589 (1994); Kinney v. State, 213 Conn. 54, 66 , 566 A.2d 670 (1989).

1996The majority today inexplicably departs from the well settled corollary principle that “[w]e will not infer that the legislature intended to enact a significant change in existing law without an unequivocally expressed manifestation of legislative intent.” 5 State v. Cobb, 234 Conn. 735, 750 , 663 A.2d 948 (1995); New Haven v. State Board of Education, 228 Conn 699, 719, 638 A.2d 589 (1994); Kinney v. State, 213 Conn. 54, 66 , 566 A.2d 670 (1989).

11996–1996
State v. Cobb green
conn · 1995
11996–1996
State v. DellaCamera green
conn · 1974
11993–1993
State v. Pellegrino green
conn · 1984
11986–1986
Loomis v. Norman Printers Supply Co. green
· 1908
11985–1985
Cramer v. Kolodney & Meyers, Inc. green
conn · 1942
11985–1985
Theron Ford Co. v. Dudley green
conn · 1926
11985–1985
Nichols v. Nichols green
conn · 1940
11985–1985
Schenck v. Pelkey green
conn · 1978
11985–1985
Brockett v. Jensen green
conn · 1966
11985–1985
Connecticut Bank & Trust Co. v. Rivkin neutral
conn · 1963
11985–1985
Holmes v. Beckwith neutral
connsuperct · 1942
11979–1979
Adams v. Rubinow green
conn · 1968
11977–1977
Coyle v. Housing Authority green
conn · 1964
11966–1966
Andretta v. Fox New England Theatres, Inc. green
conn · 1931
11937–1937
Kulmacz v. Milas green
conn · 1928
11937–1937

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-199 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-54a (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-2 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1 (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-2z (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-49 (3) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-61 (3) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-95 (3) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 55-3 (3) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-3 (3) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-8 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 409 (1913–2026) CA 280 (1900–2026) IL 103 (1873–2023) NY 87 (1911–2025) PA 86 (1915–2024) NJ 77 (1896–2026) MD 69 (1928–2023) WA 66 (1922–2026) MO 65 (1905–2025) GA 57 (1912–2023) FL 49 (1938–2023) AL 44 (1909–2015) OH 39 (1932–2026) MI 37 (1940–2023) CT 37 (1937–2025) LA 35 (1919–2024) IN 34 (1918–2019) IA 32 (1917–2023) MS 32 (1876–2022) WI 32 (1965–2024) KS 27 (1875–2026) OR 26 (1897–2026) TN 26 (1904–2025) KY 25 (1922–2024) WV 24 (1901–2023) VA 23 (1963–2024) WY 23 (1968–2022) SC 20 (1907–2020) CO 19 (1912–2021) DE 19 (1945–2026) VT 17 (1913–2025) MT 16 (1898–2012) NC 15 (1921–2018) AZ 15 (1956–2018) MA 14 (1951–2024) NM 14 (1914–2014) RI 14 (1968–2018) OK 13 (1925–2014) ME 12 (1922–2020) NE 12 (1959–2023) MN 12 (1954–2025) ID 11 (1977–2021) DC 11 (1976–2025) UT 11 (1979–2026) AR 11 (1927–2017) ND 7 (1895–2015) NV 6 (1983–2015) NH 3 (1997–2021) SD 3 (1998–2003) HI 2 (1944–2015) AK 2 (1993–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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