vagueness doctrine (Alabama) · Go Syfert
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vagueness doctrine in Alabama

28 Alabama opinions name it 2 courts 1982–2016 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Alabama courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

CaseFollowedCited
United States v. Harrissgreen
scotus · 1954 · cited in 16 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1983–2016
2 sentences

2016United States v. Harriss, 347 U.S. 612, 617 , 74 S.Ct. 808, 811 , 98 L.Ed. 989, 996 (1954).

2016United States v. Harriss, 347 U.S. 612, 617 , 74 S.Ct. 808, 811 , 98 L.Ed. 989, 996 (1954).

1016
Lanzetta v. New Jerseygreen
scotus · 1939 · cited in 17 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1983–2016
2 sentences

2016This Court has explained: “ ‘ “The doctrine of vagueness ,.. originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 , 59 S.Ct. 618 , 83 L.Ed. 888 (1939), and is the basis for striking down legislation which contains insufficient warning of what conduct is unlawful, see United States v. National Dairy Products Corporation, 372 U.S. 29 , 83 S.Ct. 594 , 9 L.Ed.2d 561 (1963). “ ‘ “Void for vagueness simply means that criminal responsibility should not attach where one could not reasonably understand that his contemplated conduct is proscribed.

2016This Court has explained: “ ‘ “The doctrine of vagueness ,.. originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 , 59 S.Ct. 618 , 83 L.Ed. 888 (1939), and is the basis for striking down legislation which contains insufficient warning of what conduct is unlawful, see United States v. National Dairy Products Corporation, 372 U.S. 29 , 83 S.Ct. 594 , 9 L.Ed.2d 561 (1963). “ ‘ “Void for vagueness simply means that criminal responsibility should not attach where one could not reasonably understand that his contemplated conduct is proscribed.

117
Vaughn v. Stategreen
alacrimapp · 2003 · cited in 5 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2005–2014
2 sentences

2014In Vaughn v. State, 880 So.2d 1178, 1194-96 (Ala.Crim.App.2008) (quoted with approval in O’Callaghan v. State, 945 So.2d 467, 474-75 (Ala.Crim.App.2006)), this Court held: “ ‘ “The doctrine of vagueness ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 , 59 S.Ct. 618 , 83 L.Ed. 888 (1939), and is the basis for striking down legislation which contains insufficient warning of what conduct is unlawful, see United States v. National Dairy Products Corporation, 372 U.S. 29 , 83 S.Ct. 594 , 9 L.Ed.2d 561 (1963). “ ‘ “Void for vagueness sim

2011In Vaughn v. State, 880 So.2d 1178 (Ala.Crim.App.2003), this Court set forth the following guidelines for addressing constitutional challenges on vagueness grounds: “ ‘ “The doctrine of vagueness ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzaetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 , 59 S.Ct. 618 , 83 L.Ed. 888 (1939), and is the basis for striking down legislation which contains insufficient warning of what conduct is unlawful, see United States v. National Dairy Products Corporation, 372 U.S. 29 , 83 S.Ct. 594 , 9 L.Ed.2d 561 (1963). “ ‘ “Void for vagueness simply me

15
O'CALLAGHAN v. Stategreen
alacrimapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014In Vaughn v. State, 880 So.2d 1178, 1194-96 (Ala.Crim.App.2008) (quoted with approval in O’Callaghan v. State, 945 So.2d 467, 474-75 (Ala.Crim.App.2006)), this Court held: “ ‘ “The doctrine of vagueness ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 , 59 S.Ct. 618 , 83 L.Ed. 888 (1939), and is the basis for striking down legislation which contains insufficient warning of what conduct is unlawful, see United States v. National Dairy Products Corporation, 372 U.S. 29 , 83 S.Ct. 594 , 9 L.Ed.2d 561 (1963). “ ‘ “Void for vagueness sim

11
Cadle Co. v. City of Kentwoodgreen
michctapp · 2009 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010“Because the vagueness challenge is not based on the First Amendment, this Court examines ‘ “whether the statute is vague as applied to the conduct allegedly proscribed in this case,” ’ instead of hypothetical concerns.” Cadle Co. v. City of Kentwood, 285 Mich.App. 240, 259 , 776 N.W.2d 145, 159 (2009) (quoting People v. Knapp, 244 Mich.App. 361 , 374 n. 4, 624 N.W.2d 227 (2001), quoting in turn People v. Vronko, 228 Mich.App. 649, 652 , 579 N.W.2d 138 (1998)(emphasis added)).

2010“Because the vagueness challenge is not based on the First Amendment, this Court examines ‘ “whether the statute is vague as applied to the conduct allegedly proscribed in this case,” ’ instead of hypothetical concerns.” Cadle Co. v. City of Kentwood, 285 Mich.App. 240, 259 , 776 N.W.2d 145, 159 (2009) (quoting People v. Knapp, 244 Mich.App. 361 , 374 n. 4, 624 N.W.2d 227 (2001), quoting in turn People v. Vronko, 228 Mich.App. 649, 652 , 579 N.W.2d 138 (1998)(emphasis added)).

11
Connally v. General Construction Co.green
scotus · 1926 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009We have little doubt that § 818 is similarly not so vague that ‘men of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning.’ Connally v. General Construction Co., 269 U.S. 385, 391 (1926)....

11
WATER AND SEWER COM'RS OF MOBILE v. Huntergreen
ala · 2006 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009See Board of Water & Sewer Commissioners, 956 So.2d at 418 . (”[I]n order to challenge a statute on the basis of vagueness, the challenger must first have standing to do so.” "[A] litigant has no standing to assert a vagueness claim against a statute if the litigant’s conduct is clearly proscribed by that statute.”).

11
Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.green
scotus · 1982 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006See Village of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside , Hoffman Estates, Inc. , 455 U.S. 489 , 495 , 102 S.Ct. 1186 , 71 L.Ed.2d 362 (1982) ("A plaintiff who engages in some conduct that is clearly proscribed cannot complain of the vagueness of the law as applied to the conduct of others.

2006See Village of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside , Hoffman Estates, Inc. , 455 U.S. 489 , 495 , 102 S.Ct. 1186 , 71 L.Ed.2d 362 (1982) ("A plaintiff who engages in some conduct that is clearly proscribed cannot complain of the vagueness of the law as applied to the conduct of others.

11
Dwight O. Brockert, Jr. v. Joel Skornicka, Mayor, and the City of Madison, Wisconsin, a Municipal Corporationgreen
ca7 · 1983 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000I agree with these observations. "[A] standardless [statute] is subject to facial attack under the due process clause though the vagueness doctrine." Brockert v. Skornicka , 711 F.2d 1376 , 1381 (7th Cir. 1983).

2000I agree with these observations. "[A] standardless [statute] is subject to facial attack under the due process clause though the vagueness doctrine." Brockert v. Skornicka, 711 F.2d 1376, 1381 (7th Cir.1983).

11
cluster 472591green
ca5 · 1986 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000"A state's legislative enactment is void for vagueness under the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment if it `is inherently standardless, enforceable only on the exercise of an unlimited, and hence arbitrary, discretion vested in the state.'" Margaret S. v. Edwards , 794 F.2d 994 , 999 (5th Cir. 1986).

2000"A state's legislative enactment is void for vagueness under the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment if it `is inherently standardless, enforceable only on the exercise of an unlimited, and hence arbitrary, discretion vested in the state.'" Margaret S. v. Edwards, 794 F.2d 994, 999 (5th Cir.1986).

11
MC v. Stategreen
alacrimapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996See M.C. v. State , 600 So.2d 387 (Ala.Cr.App. 1991).

11
Allen v. Stategreen
alacrimapp · 1979 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
1 sentence

1994In Allen v. State, 380 So.2d 313, 326 (Ala. Cr.App.1979), cert. denied, 380 So.2d 341 (Ala.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 842 , 101 S.Ct. 121 , 66 L.Ed.2d 49 (1980), this Court stated: "The Alabama Supreme Court in Comer v. City of Mobile, Ala., 337 So.2d 742 (Ala.1976), considered the constitutionality of Act No. 130 of the Alabama Legislature, Regular Session 1975, and found the Act `not vague or overbroad.'" However, Comer was not concerned with the arguments here presented. "`The doctrine of vagueness, ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jer

11
Kolender v. Lawsongreen
scotus · 1983 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Smith v. Goguengreen
scotus · 1974 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Harrison v. Stategreen
alacrimapp · 1980 · cited in 1 Alabama opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Alabama. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (26)

CaseCitedYears
United States v. National Dairy Products Corp. green
scotus · 1963
2 sentences

2016This Court has explained: “ ‘ “The doctrine of vagueness ,.. originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 , 59 S.Ct. 618 , 83 L.Ed. 888 (1939), and is the basis for striking down legislation which contains insufficient warning of what conduct is unlawful, see United States v. National Dairy Products Corporation, 372 U.S. 29 , 83 S.Ct. 594 , 9 L.Ed.2d 561 (1963). “ ‘ “Void for vagueness simply means that criminal responsibility should not attach where one could not reasonably understand that his contemplated conduct is proscribed.

2016This Court has explained: “ ‘ “The doctrine of vagueness ,.. originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 , 59 S.Ct. 618 , 83 L.Ed. 888 (1939), and is the basis for striking down legislation which contains insufficient warning of what conduct is unlawful, see United States v. National Dairy Products Corporation, 372 U.S. 29 , 83 S.Ct. 594 , 9 L.Ed.2d 561 (1963). “ ‘ “Void for vagueness simply means that criminal responsibility should not attach where one could not reasonably understand that his contemplated conduct is proscribed.

171983–2016
City of Chicago v. Morales green
scotus · 1999
2 sentences

2007The overbreadth doctrine protects the rights guaranteed by the First Amendment, see Morales, 527 U.S. at 52 , 119 S.Ct. 1849 ; the vagueness doctrine seeks to protect the due-process rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.

2007The overbreadth doctrine protects the rights guaranteed by the First Amendment, see Morales, 527 U.S. at 52 , 119 S.Ct. 1849 ; the vagueness doctrine seeks to protect the due-process rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.

32006–2007
Broadrick v. Oklahoma green
scotus · 1973
2 sentences

2007City of Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41, 52 , 119 S.Ct. 1849 , 144 L.Ed.2d 67 (1999). “[T]he overbreadth doctrine permits the facial invalidation of laws that inhibit the exercise of First Amendment rights if the impermissible applications of the law are substantial when ‘judged in relation to the statute’s plainly legitimate sweep.’ ” Morales, 527 U.S. at 52 , 119 S.Ct. 1849 (quoting Broadrick v. Oklahoma, 413 U.S. 601, 615 , 93 S.Ct. 2908 , 37 L.Ed.2d 830 (1973)).

2007City of Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41, 52 , 119 S.Ct. 1849 , 144 L.Ed.2d 67 (1999). “[T]he overbreadth doctrine permits the facial invalidation of laws that inhibit the exercise of First Amendment rights if the impermissible applications of the law are substantial when ‘judged in relation to the statute’s plainly legitimate sweep.’ ” Morales, 527 U.S. at 52 , 119 S.Ct. 1849 (quoting Broadrick v. Oklahoma, 413 U.S. 601, 615 , 93 S.Ct. 2908 , 37 L.Ed.2d 830 (1973)).

32006–2007
Musgrove v. State green
alacrimapp · 1986
2 sentences

2007In Musgrove v. State , 519 So.2d 565 (Ala.Crim.App.), aff'd, 519 So.2d 586 (Ala. 1986), this Court rejected a vagueness challenge to our first-degree-kidnapping statute, despite the fact that the statute did not define the term "terrorism." We noted that in construing criminal statutes words must be given their ordinary, commonly understood meaning, concluding that the statute provided fair warning of its prohibited *Page 1177 conduct. 519 So.2d at 582-83 .

2007In Musgrove v. State, 519 So.2d 565 (Ala.Crim.App.), aff'd, 519 So.2d 586 (Ala.1986), this Court rejected a vagueness challenge to our first-degree-kidnapping statute, despite the fact that the statute did not define the term “terrorism.” We noted that in construing criminal statutes words must be given their ordinary, commonly understood meaning, concluding that the statute provided fair warning of its prohib ited conduct. 519 So.2d at 582-83.

22007–2007
Ex Parte Musgrove. green
ala · 1986
2 sentences

2007In Musgrove v. State , 519 So.2d 565 (Ala.Crim.App.), aff'd, 519 So.2d 586 (Ala. 1986), this Court rejected a vagueness challenge to our first-degree-kidnapping statute, despite the fact that the statute did not define the term "terrorism." We noted that in construing criminal statutes words must be given their ordinary, commonly understood meaning, concluding that the statute provided fair warning of its prohibited *Page 1177 conduct. 519 So.2d at 582-83 .

2007In Musgrove v. State, 519 So.2d 565 (Ala.Crim.App.), aff'd, 519 So.2d 586 (Ala.1986), this Court rejected a vagueness challenge to our first-degree-kidnapping statute, despite the fact that the statute did not define the term “terrorism.” We noted that in construing criminal statutes words must be given their ordinary, commonly understood meaning, concluding that the statute provided fair warning of its prohib ited conduct. 519 So.2d at 582-83.

22007–2007
cluster 716733 green
ca3 · 1996
1 sentence

2010“To make a successful facial challenge in a non-First Amendment context, a litigant ‘must establish that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid.’ ” Artway v. Attorney General of New Jersey, 81 F.3d 1235 , 1253 n. 13 (3d Cir.1996) (quoting United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 745 , 107 S.Ct. 2095 , 95 L.Ed.2d 697 (1987)).

12010–2010
United States v. Allied Oil Corp. green
scotus · 1951
1 sentence

2010“To make a successful facial challenge in a non-First Amendment context, a litigant ‘must establish that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid.’ ” Artway v. Attorney General of New Jersey, 81 F.3d 1235 , 1253 n. 13 (3d Cir.1996) (quoting United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 745 , 107 S.Ct. 2095 , 95 L.Ed.2d 697 (1987)).

12010–2010
People v. Knapp green
michctapp · 2001
2 sentences

2010“Because the vagueness challenge is not based on the First Amendment, this Court examines ‘ “whether the statute is vague as applied to the conduct allegedly proscribed in this case,” ’ instead of hypothetical concerns.” Cadle Co. v. City of Kentwood, 285 Mich.App. 240, 259 , 776 N.W.2d 145, 159 (2009) (quoting People v. Knapp, 244 Mich.App. 361 , 374 n. 4, 624 N.W.2d 227 (2001), quoting in turn People v. Vronko, 228 Mich.App. 649, 652 , 579 N.W.2d 138 (1998)(emphasis added)).

2010“Because the vagueness challenge is not based on the First Amendment, this Court examines ‘ “whether the statute is vague as applied to the conduct allegedly proscribed in this case,” ’ instead of hypothetical concerns.” Cadle Co. v. City of Kentwood, 285 Mich.App. 240, 259 , 776 N.W.2d 145, 159 (2009) (quoting People v. Knapp, 244 Mich.App. 361 , 374 n. 4, 624 N.W.2d 227 (2001), quoting in turn People v. Vronko, 228 Mich.App. 649, 652 , 579 N.W.2d 138 (1998)(emphasis added)).

12010–2010
People v. Vronko green
michctapp · 1998
2 sentences

2010“Because the vagueness challenge is not based on the First Amendment, this Court examines ‘ “whether the statute is vague as applied to the conduct allegedly proscribed in this case,” ’ instead of hypothetical concerns.” Cadle Co. v. City of Kentwood, 285 Mich.App. 240, 259 , 776 N.W.2d 145, 159 (2009) (quoting People v. Knapp, 244 Mich.App. 361 , 374 n. 4, 624 N.W.2d 227 (2001), quoting in turn People v. Vronko, 228 Mich.App. 649, 652 , 579 N.W.2d 138 (1998)(emphasis added)).

2010“Because the vagueness challenge is not based on the First Amendment, this Court examines ‘ “whether the statute is vague as applied to the conduct allegedly proscribed in this case,” ’ instead of hypothetical concerns.” Cadle Co. v. City of Kentwood, 285 Mich.App. 240, 259 , 776 N.W.2d 145, 159 (2009) (quoting People v. Knapp, 244 Mich.App. 361 , 374 n. 4, 624 N.W.2d 227 (2001), quoting in turn People v. Vronko, 228 Mich.App. 649, 652 , 579 N.W.2d 138 (1998)(emphasis added)).

12010–2010
United States v. Salerno green
scotus · 1987
2 sentences

2010“To make a successful facial challenge in a non-First Amendment context, a litigant ‘must establish that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid.’ ” Artway v. Attorney General of New Jersey, 81 F.3d 1235 , 1253 n. 13 (3d Cir.1996) (quoting United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 745 , 107 S.Ct. 2095 , 95 L.Ed.2d 697 (1987)).

2010“To make a successful facial challenge in a non-First Amendment context, a litigant ‘must establish that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid.’ ” Artway v. Attorney General of New Jersey, 81 F.3d 1235 , 1253 n. 13 (3d Cir.1996) (quoting United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 745 , 107 S.Ct. 2095 , 95 L.Ed.2d 697 (1987)).

12010–2010
United States Civil Service Commission v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers green
scotus · 1973
1 sentence

2009As to the vagueness challenge, the Court held: “We have held today that the Hatch Act is not impermissibly vague. [United States Civil Service Commission v. National Association of Letter Carriers, AFL-CIO, 413 U.S. 548 (1973)].

12009–2009
Ross Neely Exp., Inc. v. ALA. DEPT. OF ENVIRON. MANAGEMENT green
ala · 1983
1 sentence

2006Mgmt , 437 So.2d 82 , 84 (Ala. 1983).' Alabama Dep't Envtl.

12006–2006
Comer v. City of Mobile green
ala · 1976
1 sentence

1994In Allen v. State, 380 So.2d 313, 326 (Ala. Cr.App.1979), cert. denied, 380 So.2d 341 (Ala.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 842 , 101 S.Ct. 121 , 66 L.Ed.2d 49 (1980), this Court stated: "The Alabama Supreme Court in Comer v. City of Mobile, Ala., 337 So.2d 742 (Ala.1976), considered the constitutionality of Act No. 130 of the Alabama Legislature, Regular Session 1975, and found the Act `not vague or overbroad.'" However, Comer was not concerned with the arguments here presented. "`The doctrine of vagueness, ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jer

11994–1994
Ex Parte Allen green
ala · 1980
1 sentence

1994In Allen v. State, 380 So.2d 313, 326 (Ala. Cr.App.1979), cert. denied, 380 So.2d 341 (Ala.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 842 , 101 S.Ct. 121 , 66 L.Ed.2d 49 (1980), this Court stated: "The Alabama Supreme Court in Comer v. City of Mobile, Ala., 337 So.2d 742 (Ala.1976), considered the constitutionality of Act No. 130 of the Alabama Legislature, Regular Session 1975, and found the Act `not vague or overbroad.'" However, Comer was not concerned with the arguments here presented. "`The doctrine of vagueness, ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jer

11994–1994
Urbatec v. Yuma County green
scotus · 1980
1 sentence

1994In Allen v. State, 380 So.2d 313, 326 (Ala. Cr.App.1979), cert. denied, 380 So.2d 341 (Ala.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 842 , 101 S.Ct. 121 , 66 L.Ed.2d 49 (1980), this Court stated: "The Alabama Supreme Court in Comer v. City of Mobile, Ala., 337 So.2d 742 (Ala.1976), considered the constitutionality of Act No. 130 of the Alabama Legislature, Regular Session 1975, and found the Act `not vague or overbroad.'" However, Comer was not concerned with the arguments here presented. "`The doctrine of vagueness, ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jer

11994–1994
Sterritt Trucking, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board green
scotus · 1980
1 sentence

1994In Allen v. State, 380 So.2d 313, 326 (Ala. Cr.App.1979), cert. denied, 380 So.2d 341 (Ala.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 842 , 101 S.Ct. 121 , 66 L.Ed.2d 49 (1980), this Court stated: "The Alabama Supreme Court in Comer v. City of Mobile, Ala., 337 So.2d 742 (Ala.1976), considered the constitutionality of Act No. 130 of the Alabama Legislature, Regular Session 1975, and found the Act `not vague or overbroad.'" However, Comer was not concerned with the arguments here presented. "`The doctrine of vagueness, ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jer

11994–1994
Allen v. Alabama green
scotus · 1980
1 sentence

1994In Allen v. State, 380 So.2d 313, 326 (Ala. Cr.App.1979), cert. denied, 380 So.2d 341 (Ala.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 842 , 101 S.Ct. 121 , 66 L.Ed.2d 49 (1980), this Court stated: "The Alabama Supreme Court in Comer v. City of Mobile, Ala., 337 So.2d 742 (Ala.1976), considered the constitutionality of Act No. 130 of the Alabama Legislature, Regular Session 1975, and found the Act `not vague or overbroad.'" However, Comer was not concerned with the arguments here presented. "`The doctrine of vagueness, ... originates in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lanzetta v. New Jer

11994–1994
Palmore v. Sidoti green
scotus · 1983
11993–1993
Gibson v. South Carolina green
scotus · 1983
11993–1993
Martin v. Mitchell green
scotus · 1983
1 sentence

1993McCrary v. State, 429 So.2d 1121 (Ala.Crim.App.1982), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 913 , 104 S.Ct. 273 , 78 L.Ed.2d 254 (1983).

11993–1993
McCrary v. State green
alacrimapp · 1983
11993–1993
Jackson v. State green
alacrimapp · 1985
11987–1987
Ex Parte Jackson green
ala · 1987
11987–1987
Matthews v. State green
alacrimapp · 1981
11987–1987
Ex Parte Matthews green
ala · 1981
11987–1987
Kinney v. State green
indctapp · 1980
11982–1982

Statutes the citing opinions construe

AL § Ala. Code § 13A-5-40 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 356 (1975–2026) WA 312 (1973–2026) TX 223 (1969–2026) IL 160 (1980–2026) CT 116 (1978–2026) OH 102 (1973–2026) CO 99 (1973–2026) FL 91 (1973–2025) NY 87 (1969–2026) NJ 79 (1979–2026) PA 77 (1976–2026) OR 75 (1976–2025) MI 70 (1906–2026) WI 67 (1979–2026) GA 57 (1981–2026) IA 52 (1976–2024) MO 48 (1977–2024) IN 46 (1979–2026) AZ 45 (1978–2026) MA 44 (1958–2026) NM 44 (1971–2023) NV 37 (1987–2026) MN 37 (1973–2024) MD 36 (1976–2024) TN 35 (1973–2025) KS 30 (1978–2026) ID 29 (1985–2025) DC 29 (1972–2021) VA 29 (1975–2024) AL 28 (1982–2016) ND 24 (1975–2025) NE 21 (1897–2023) UT 20 (1988–2026) ME 19 (1981–2024) HI 18 (1919–2019) AK 17 (1972–2026) AR 14 (1987–2015) MS 13 (1985–2020) NH 13 (1974–2025) LA 13 (1985–2023) WV 13 (1982–2023) WY 12 (1979–2014) DE 11 (1978–2024) RI 11 (1978–2015) NC 10 (1981–2026) KY 10 (1985–2020) VT 10 (1999–2026) MT 9 (1994–2026) SC 6 (1990–2025) OK 5 (1978–2005) SD 5 (2003–2014)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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