Fourth Amendment analysis (Oregon) · Go Syfert
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Fourth Amendment analysis in Oregon

88 Oregon opinions name it 2 courts 1970–2026 13 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Oregon courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (34)

CaseFollowedCited
Oliver v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 3 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2008–2026
2 sentences

2026See, e.g., Oliver v. United States, 466 US 170, 177 , 104 S Ct 1735 , 80 L Ed 2d 214 (1984) (“Since Katz v. United States, [ 389 US 347 , 88 S Ct 507 , 19 L Ed 2d 576 (1967),] the touchstone of Fourth Amendment analysis has been whether a person has a con- stitutionally protected reasonable expectation of privacy.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.)).

2026See, e.g., Oliver v. United States, 466 US 170, 177 , 104 S Ct 1735 , 80 L Ed 2d 214 (1984) (“Since Katz v. United States, [ 389 US 347 , 88 S Ct 507 , 19 L Ed 2d 576 (1967),] the touchstone of Fourth Amendment analysis has been whether a person has a con- stitutionally protected reasonable expectation of privacy.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.)).

33
Katz v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1967 · cited in 5 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 1981–2026
2 sentences

2026See, e.g., Oliver v. United States, 466 US 170, 177 , 104 S Ct 1735 , 80 L Ed 2d 214 (1984) (“Since Katz v. United States, [ 389 US 347 , 88 S Ct 507 , 19 L Ed 2d 576 (1967),] the touchstone of Fourth Amendment analysis has been whether a person has a con- stitutionally protected reasonable expectation of privacy.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.)).

2026See, e.g., Oliver v. United States, 466 US 170, 177 , 104 S Ct 1735 , 80 L Ed 2d 214 (1984) (“Since Katz v. United States, [ 389 US 347 , 88 S Ct 507 , 19 L Ed 2d 576 (1967),] the touchstone of Fourth Amendment analysis has been whether a person has a con- stitutionally protected reasonable expectation of privacy.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.)).

25
State v. Kinkadegreen
orctapp · 2012 · cited in 4 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2021
2 sentences

2021See State v. McKee, 272 Or App 372 , 376 n 2, 356 P3d 651 (2015) (declining to address undeveloped Fourth Amendment claim); State v. Kinkade, 247 Or App 595 , 599 n 1, 270 P3d 371 (2012) (same).

2021See State v. McKee, 272 Or App 372 , 376 n 2, 356 P3d 651 (2015) (declining to address undeveloped Fourth Amendment claim); State v. Kinkade, 247 Or App 595 , 599 n 1, 270 P3d 371 (2012) (same).

24
Robbins v. Californiared
scotus · 1981 · cited in 3 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2008–2016
2 sentences

2016See, e.g., Robbins v. California, 453 US 420, 426 , 101 S Ct 2841 , 69 L Ed 2d 744 (1981) (placement of property into closed, opaque container manifests “an expectation that the contents would remain free from public examination”); Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 US 753, 761 , 99 S Ct 2586 , 61 L Ed 2d 235 (1979) (automo- biles are distinct from closed containers, not only because of their mobility, but also because their use, configuration, and regulation differentiate them for purposes of privacy expec- tations).18 The same is true of the nature and circumstances of the government intrusion that we

2016See, e.g., Robbins v. California, 453 US 420, 426 , 101 S Ct 2841 , 69 L Ed 2d 744 (1981) (placement of property into closed, opaque container manifests “an expectation that the contents would remain free from public examination”); Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 US 753, 761 , 99 S Ct 2586 , 61 L Ed 2d 235 (1979) (automo- biles are distinct from closed containers, not only because of their mobility, but also because their use, configuration, and regulation differentiate them for purposes of privacy expec- tations).18 The same is true of the nature and circumstances of the government intrusion that we

23
State v. Vondehngreen
or · 2010 · cited in 3 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2012–2015
2 sentences

2015In Vondehn , we cited Hall once in describing the Court of Appeals’ reasoning, see 348 Or at 465 , but we did not cite Hall afterwards or apply its methodology in determining whether the physical evidence in that case derived from the Miranda violation, see id. at 476.

2015In Vondehn , we cited Hall once in describing the Court of Appeals’ reasoning, see 348 Or at 465 , but we did not cite Hall afterwards or apply its methodology in determining whether the physical evidence in that case derived from the Miranda violation, see id. at 476.

23
State v. Kreisgreen
or · 2019 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025See, e.g., State v. Kreis, 365 Or 659, 665 , 451 P3d 954 (2019) (holding that, unlike the Fourth Amendment, rea- sonable suspicion under Article I, section 9, requires an offi- cer to have “a subjective belief that the person stopped has committed, or is about to commit, a crime”); Maciel-Figueroa, 361 Or at 180 (holding that, unlike the Fourth Amendment, Article I, section 9, requires a reasonable suspicion that a person has committed or is about to commit “a specific crime or type of crime”); State v. Dixson/Digby, 307 Or 195, 208 , 766 P2d 1015 (1988) (holding, contrary to the federal rule,

2025See, e.g., State v. Kreis, 365 Or 659, 665 , 451 P3d 954 (2019) (holding that, unlike the Fourth Amendment, rea- sonable suspicion under Article I, section 9, requires an offi- cer to have “a subjective belief that the person stopped has committed, or is about to commit, a crime”); Maciel-Figueroa, 361 Or at 180 (holding that, unlike the Fourth Amendment, Article I, section 9, requires a reasonable suspicion that a person has committed or is about to commit “a specific crime or type of crime”); State v. Dixson/Digby, 307 Or 195, 208 , 766 P2d 1015 (1988) (holding, contrary to the federal rule,

22
State v. Maciel-Figueroagreen
or · 2017 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025See, e.g., State v. Kreis, 365 Or 659, 665 , 451 P3d 954 (2019) (holding that, unlike the Fourth Amendment, rea- sonable suspicion under Article I, section 9, requires an offi- cer to have “a subjective belief that the person stopped has committed, or is about to commit, a crime”); Maciel-Figueroa, 361 Or at 180 (holding that, unlike the Fourth Amendment, Article I, section 9, requires a reasonable suspicion that a person has committed or is about to commit “a specific crime or type of crime”); State v. Dixson/Digby, 307 Or 195, 208 , 766 P2d 1015 (1988) (holding, contrary to the federal rule,

2025See, e.g., State v. Kreis, 365 Or 659, 665 , 451 P3d 954 (2019) (holding that, unlike the Fourth Amendment, rea- sonable suspicion under Article I, section 9, requires an offi- cer to have “a subjective belief that the person stopped has committed, or is about to commit, a crime”); Maciel-Figueroa, 361 Or at 180 (holding that, unlike the Fourth Amendment, Article I, section 9, requires a reasonable suspicion that a person has committed or is about to commit “a specific crime or type of crime”); State v. Dixson/Digby, 307 Or 195, 208 , 766 P2d 1015 (1988) (holding, contrary to the federal rule,

22
United States v. George E. Garciagreen
ca2 · 1995 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See, e.g., United States v. Drayton, 536 US 194, 203-05 , 122 S Ct 2105 , 153 L Ed 2d 242 (2002) (voluntariness inquiry focused on reasonableness of police conduct, not on subjective reactions of persons searched); United States v. Garcia, 56 F3d 418, 423 (2d Cir 1995) (stating voluntariness test in terms of whether the police officer “had a reasonable basis for believing that there had been consent to the search”); United States v. Zapata, 997 F2d 751, 759 (10th Cir 1993) (casting doubt on whether person’s subjective characteristics are relevant to voluntariness of person’s consent).

2017See, e.g., United States v. Drayton, 536 US 194, 203-05 , 122 S Ct 2105 , 153 L Ed 2d 242 (2002) (voluntariness inquiry focused on reasonableness of police conduct, not on subjective reactions of persons searched); United States v. Garcia, 56 F3d 418, 423 (2d Cir 1995) (stating voluntariness test in terms of whether the police officer “had a reasonable basis for believing that there had been consent to the search”); United States v. Zapata, 997 F2d 751, 759 (10th Cir 1993) (casting doubt on whether person’s subjective characteristics are relevant to voluntariness of person’s consent).

22
United States v. Draytongreen
scotus · 2002 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See, e.g., United States v. Drayton, 536 US 194, 203-05 , 122 S Ct 2105 , 153 L Ed 2d 242 (2002) (voluntariness inquiry focused on reasonableness of police conduct, not on subjective reactions of persons searched); United States v. Garcia, 56 F3d 418, 423 (2d Cir 1995) (stating voluntariness test in terms of whether the police officer “had a reasonable basis for believing that there had been consent to the search”); United States v. Zapata, 997 F2d 751, 759 (10th Cir 1993) (casting doubt on whether person’s subjective characteristics are relevant to voluntariness of person’s consent).

2017See, e.g., United States v. Drayton, 536 US 194, 203-05 , 122 S Ct 2105 , 153 L Ed 2d 242 (2002) (voluntariness inquiry focused on reasonableness of police conduct, not on subjective reactions of persons searched); United States v. Garcia, 56 F3d 418, 423 (2d Cir 1995) (stating voluntariness test in terms of whether the police officer “had a reasonable basis for believing that there had been consent to the search”); United States v. Zapata, 997 F2d 751, 759 (10th Cir 1993) (casting doubt on whether person’s subjective characteristics are relevant to voluntariness of person’s consent).

22
Vernonia School District 47J v. Actongreen
scotus · 1995 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See, e.g., Robbins v. California, 453 US 420, 426 , 101 S Ct 2841 , 69 L Ed 2d 744 (1981) (placement of property into closed, opaque container manifests “an expectation that the contents would remain free from public examination”); Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 US 753, 761 , 99 S Ct 2586 , 61 L Ed 2d 235 (1979) (automobiles are distinct from closed containers, not only because of their mobility, but also because their use, configuration, and regulation differentiate them for purposes of privacy expectations). 18 The same is true of the nature and circumstances of the government intrusion that we ha

2016See, e.g., Robbins v. California, 453 US 420, 426 , 101 S Ct 2841 , 69 L Ed 2d 744 (1981) (placement of property into closed, opaque container manifests “an expectation that the contents would remain free from public examination”); Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 US 753, 761 , 99 S Ct 2586 , 61 L Ed 2d 235 (1979) (automobiles are distinct from closed containers, not only because of their mobility, but also because their use, configuration, and regulation differentiate them for purposes of privacy expectations). 18 The same is true of the nature and circumstances of the government intrusion that we ha

22
Sterling v. Cuppgreen
or · 1981 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See Sterling v. Cupp, 290 Or 611, 614 , 625 P2d 123 (1981) (describing first-things-first approach).

2016See Sterling v. Cupp, 290 Or 611, 614 , 625 P2d 123 (1981) (describing first-things-first approach).

22
United States v. Knottsgreen
scotus · 1983 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Rather than turn on an individual’s “right” of privacy, the Fourth Amendment test has both a subjective and an objective component, and thus involves “two discrete questions.” United States v. Knotts, 460 US 276, 280-81 , 103 S Ct 1081 , 75 L Ed 2d 55 (1983) (quoting Smith v. Maryland, 442 US 735 , 99 S Ct 2577 , 61 L Ed 2d 220 (1979)), rule further clarified in U.S. v. Jones, 774 State v. Newcomb ___ US ___, 132 S Ct 945 , 951-52, 181 L Ed 2d 911 (2012).

2016Rather than turn on an individual’s “right” of privacy, the Fourth Amendment test has both a subjective and an objective component, and thus involves “two discrete questions.” United States v. Knotts, 460 US 276, 280-81 , 103 S Ct 1081 , 75 L Ed 2d 55 (1983) (quoting Smith v. Maryland, 442 US 735 , 99 S Ct 2577 , 61 L Ed 2d 220 (1979)), rule further clarified in U.S. v. Jones, 774 State v. Newcomb ___ US ___, 132 S Ct 945 , 951-52, 181 L Ed 2d 911 (2012).

22
Missouri v. Seibertgreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Dickerson, 530 US at 440-41 ; accord Seibert, 542 US at 612 n 4 (plurality opinion).

2015Dickerson, 530 US at 440-41 ; accord Seibert, 542 US at 612 n 4 (plurality opinion).

22
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Richard J. SMITH, Defendant-Appellantgreen
ca9 · 1998 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
22
State v. Floresgreen
orctapp · 1984 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 1987–1994
22
Brown v. Illinoisgreen
scotus · 1975 · cited in 9 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2005–2015
2 sentences

2015Cf. Brown v. Illinois, 422 US 590, 602-03 , 95 S Ct 2254 , 45 L Ed 2d 416 (1975) (explaining that the question whether a statement is the product of a Fifth Amendment violation differs from the question whether it is a product of a Fourth Amendment violation).

2015Cf. Brown v. Illinois, 422 US 590, 602-03 , 95 S Ct 2254 , 45 L Ed 2d 416 (1975) (explaining that the question whether a statement is the product of a Fifth Amendment violation differs from the question whether it is a product of a Fourth Amendment violation).

19
State v. Dixsongreen
or · 1988 · cited in 3 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2009–2025
2 sentences

2009See generally State v. Dixson/Digby, 87 Or.App. 1, 6-7 , 740 P.2d 1224 (1987), rev'd on other grounds, 307 Or. 195 , 766 P.2d 1015 (1988) (addressing constitutional underpinnings of protection of curtilage in context of addressing "open fields" doctrine). [6] See also Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573, 601 , 100 S.Ct. 1371 , 63 *351 L.Ed.2d 639 (1980) (emphasizing, for purposes of Fourth Amendment analysis, "the overriding respect for the sanctity of the home that has been embedded in our traditions since the origins of the Republic").

2009See generally State v. Dixson/Digby, 87 Or.App. 1, 6-7 , 740 P.2d 1224 (1987), rev'd on other grounds, 307 Or. 195 , 766 P.2d 1015 (1988) (addressing constitutional underpinnings of protection of curtilage in context of addressing "open fields" doctrine). [6] See also Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573, 601 , 100 S.Ct. 1371 , 63 *351 L.Ed.2d 639 (1980) (emphasizing, for purposes of Fourth Amendment analysis, "the overriding respect for the sanctity of the home that has been embedded in our traditions since the origins of the Republic").

13
State v. Carseygreen
or · 1983 · cited in 3 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 1994–2018
2 sentences

2015The court noted precisely that in State v. Carsey, 295 Or 32, 44-45 , 664 P2d 1085 (1983), when it rejected the proposed exception as a matter of Fourth Amendment doctrine, based on then-existing Fourth Amendment case law.

2015The court noted precisely that in State v. Carsey, 295 Or 32, 44-45 , 664 P2d 1085 (1983), when it rejected the proposed exception as a matter of Fourth Amendment doctrine, based on then-existing Fourth Amendment case law.

13
State v. Bonillagreen
or · 2015 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2022
2 sentences

2022See Bonilla, 358 Or at 486 (“[T]he Fourth Amendment doctrine of apparent authority is based on different principles than those underlying the consent exception under Article I, section 9.”).

2015See, e.g., United States v. Moran, 214 F3d 950, 951 (8th Cir 2000) (declining to “pursue the intricacies of property and agency law” when the decisive question under Rodriguez “is whether the search was ‘unreasonable’ within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment”); State v. Morse, 156 Wash 2d 1, 12 n 3, 123 P3d 832 (2005) (noting that “apparent authority,” as used under Fourth Amendment, “is quite different than ‘apparent authority’ as used in agency law,” where “apparent authority stems from the principal’s objective manifestation to a third party”). 8 When this court implied in Carsey that act

12
Loss v. Michigan Attorney Grievance Commissiongreen
scotus · 1999 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2015
2 sentences

2015See, e.g., State v. Thompson, 328 Or 248 , 254 n 3, 971 P2d 879 , cert den, 527 US 1042 (1999) (explaining that court would not address constitutional claims in the absence of “thorough and focused constitutional analysis”); State v. Kinkade, 247 Or App 595, 599 , 270 P3d 371 (2012) (declining to address Fourth Amendment claim where the defendant made “passing reference in his opening brief to the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution” but did not develop a “separate argument under the federal constitution”).

2013See, e.g., State v. Kinkade, 247 Or App 595, 599 , 270 P3d 371 (2012) (declining to address Fourth Amendment claim where the defendant made “passing reference in his opening brief to the Fourth Amendment” but did not develop a “separate argument under the federal constitution”); State v. Thompson, 328 Or 248 , 254 n 3, 971 P2d 879 , cert den, 527 US 1042 (1999) (explaining that court would not address constitutional claims in the absence of “thorough and focused constitutional analysis”).

12
State v. Thompsongreen
or · 1999 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2015
2 sentences

2015See, e.g., State v. Thompson, 328 Or 248 , 254 n 3, 971 P2d 879 , cert den, 527 US 1042 (1999) (explaining that court would not address constitutional claims in the absence of “thorough and focused constitutional analysis”); State v. Kinkade, 247 Or App 595, 599 , 270 P3d 371 (2012) (declining to address Fourth Amendment claim where the defendant made “passing reference in his opening brief to the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution” but did not develop a “separate argument under the federal constitution”).

2015See, e.g., State v. Thompson, 328 Or 248 , 254 n 3, 971 P2d 879 , cert den, 527 US 1042 (1999) (explaining that court would not address constitutional claims in the absence of “thorough and focused constitutional analysis”); State v. Kinkade, 247 Or App 595, 599 , 270 P3d 371 (2012) (declining to address Fourth Amendment claim where the defendant made “passing reference in his opening brief to the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution” but did not develop a “separate argument under the federal constitution”).

12
Payton v. New Yorkgreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2009–2010
12
Florida v. Wellsgreen
scotus · 1990 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 1998–1999
12
United States v. Ramirezgreen
scotus · 1998 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
11
State v. McKeegreen
orctapp · 2015 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
Walter v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
United States v. Grossgreen
ca6 · 2010 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
North v. Cuppgreen
or · 1969 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
United States v. Steven D. Morangreen
ca8 · 2000 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Eads v. Bormangreen
or · 2012 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
State v. Jacksongreen
orctapp · 2014 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
State v. Baileygreen
or · 2014 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Richards v. Wisconsingreen
scotus · 1997 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Brigham City v. Stuartgreen
scotus · 2006 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Oregon. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (46)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Campbell green
or · 1988
2 sentences

2006In fact, the Fourth Amendment analysis of whether police conduct amounts to a violation of a person's privacy differs significantly from the analysis under Article I, section 9, id. at 170-71 , 759 P.2d 1040 , and whether or not the kind of police conduct that occurred in Purvis implicates Article I, section 9, is an open question.

2006In fact, the Fourth Amendment analysis of whether police conduct amounts to a violation of a person's privacy differs significantly from the analysis under Article I, section 9, id. at 170-71 , 759 P.2d 1040 , and whether or not the kind of police conduct that occurred in Purvis implicates Article I, section 9, is an open question.

31988–2006
State v. Caraher green
or · 1982
2 sentences

1990In State v. Caraher, 293 Or. 741 , 653 P.2d 942 (1982), the Supreme Court rejected the rule of uniformity with Fourth Amendment analysis that had been adopted in State v. Florance, 270 Or. 169 , 527 P.2d 1202 (1974), and stated that Oregon courts are free to impose on searches and seizures under our own constitution higher standards than are required by the federal constitution.

1990In State v. Caraher, 293 Or. 741 , 653 P.2d 942 (1982), the Supreme Court rejected the rule of uniformity with Fourth Amendment analysis that had been adopted in State v. Florance, 270 Or. 169 , 527 P.2d 1202 (1974), and stated that Oregon courts are free to impose on searches and seizures under our own constitution higher standards than are required by the federal constitution.

31986–1990
State v. Atkinson green
or · 1984
2 sentences

2025This distinction was later reinforced in Atkinson, where we noted that an inventory conducted pursuant to a lawfully promulgated inventory policy was not “inherently ‘unreasonable’ within the meaning of Article I, section 9.” Atkinson, 298 Or at 8 .

2025This distinction was later reinforced in Atkinson, where we noted that an inventory conducted pursuant to a lawfully promulgated inventory policy was not “inherently ‘unreasonable’ within the meaning of Article I, section 9.” Atkinson, 298 Or at 8 .

22025–2025
United States v. Matlock green
scotus · 1974
2 sentences

2018That rule was first announced as a Fourth Amendment principle in Matlock , 415 U.S. at 170 -71 , 94 S.Ct. 988 *728 .

2018That rule was first announced as a Fourth Amendment principle in Matlock , 415 U.S. at 170 -71 , 94 S.Ct. 988 *728 .

21994–2018
Illinois v. Rodriguez green
scotus · 1990
2 sentences

2017Id.

2015Id. at 182 .

22015–2017
United States v. Jones green
scotus · 2012
2 sentences

2016Rather than turn on an individual’s “right” of privacy, the Fourth Amendment test has both a subjective and an objective component, and thus involves “two discrete questions.” United States v. Knotts, 460 US 276, 280-81 , 103 S Ct 1081 , 75 L Ed 2d 55 (1983) (quoting Smith v. Maryland, 442 US 735 , 99 S Ct 2577 , 61 L Ed 2d 220 (1979)), rule further clarified in U.S. v. Jones, 774 State v. Newcomb ___ US ___, 132 S Ct 945 , 951-52, 181 L Ed 2d 911 (2012).

2016Rather than turn on an individual’s “right” of privacy, the Fourth Amendment test has both a subjective and an objective component, and thus involves “two discrete questions.” United States v. Knotts, 460 US 276, 280-81 , 103 S Ct 1081 , 75 L Ed 2d 55 (1983) (quoting Smith v. Maryland, 442 US 735 , 99 S Ct 2577 , 61 L Ed 2d 220 (1979)), rule further clarified in U.S. v. Jones, 774 State v. Newcomb ___ US ___, 132 S Ct 945 , 951-52, 181 L Ed 2d 911 (2012).

22016–2016
Smith v. Maryland red
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

2016Rather than turn on an individual’s “right” of privacy, the Fourth Amendment test has both a subjective and an objective component, and thus involves “two discrete questions.” United States v. Knotts, 460 US 276, 280-81 , 103 S Ct 1081 , 75 L Ed 2d 55 (1983) (quoting Smith v. Maryland, 442 US 735 , 99 S Ct 2577 , 61 L Ed 2d 220 (1979)), rule further clarified in U.S. v. Jones, 774 State v. Newcomb ___ US ___, 132 S Ct 945 , 951-52, 181 L Ed 2d 911 (2012).

2016Rather than turn on an individual’s “right” of privacy, the Fourth Amendment test has both a subjective and an objective component, and thus involves “two discrete questions.” United States v. Knotts, 460 US 276, 280-81 , 103 S Ct 1081 , 75 L Ed 2d 55 (1983) (quoting Smith v. Maryland, 442 US 735 , 99 S Ct 2577 , 61 L Ed 2d 220 (1979)), rule further clarified in U.S. v. Jones, 774 State v. Newcomb ___ US ___, 132 S Ct 945 , 951-52, 181 L Ed 2d 911 (2012).

22016–2016
Arkansas v. Sanders red
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

2016See, e.g., Robbins v. California, 453 US 420, 426 , 101 S Ct 2841 , 69 L Ed 2d 744 (1981) (placement of property into closed, opaque container manifests “an expectation that the contents would remain free from public examination”); Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 US 753, 761 , 99 S Ct 2586 , 61 L Ed 2d 235 (1979) (automo- biles are distinct from closed containers, not only because of their mobility, but also because their use, configuration, and regulation differentiate them for purposes of privacy expec- tations).18 The same is true of the nature and circumstances of the government intrusion that we

2016See, e.g., Robbins v. California, 453 US 420, 426 , 101 S Ct 2841 , 69 L Ed 2d 744 (1981) (placement of property into closed, opaque container manifests “an expectation that the contents would remain free from public examination”); Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 US 753, 761 , 99 S Ct 2586 , 61 L Ed 2d 235 (1979) (automo- biles are distinct from closed containers, not only because of their mobility, but also because their use, configuration, and regulation differentiate them for purposes of privacy expec- tations).18 The same is true of the nature and circumstances of the government intrusion that we

22016–2016
Dickerson v. United States red
scotus · 2000
2 sentences

2015Dickerson, 530 US at 440-41 ; accord Seibert, 542 US at 612 n 4 (plurality opinion).

2015Dickerson, 530 US at 440-41 ; accord Seibert, 542 US at 612 n 4 (plurality opinion).

22015–2015
Mapp v. Ohio green
scotus · 1961
2 sentences

2015The United States Supreme Court had held a year and a half earlier in Mapp v. Ohio, 367 US 643 , 81 S Ct 1684 , 6 L Ed 2d 1081 (1961), that the Fourth Amendment applied to the states, and the challenged search was a garden variety Fourth Amendment violation.

2015The United States Supreme Court had held a year and a half earlier in Mapp v. Ohio, 367 US 643 , 81 S Ct 1684 , 6 L Ed 2d 1081 (1961), that the Fourth Amendment applied to the states, and the challenged search was a garden variety Fourth Amendment violation.

21981–2015
State v. Hall green
or · 2005
22013–2015
State v. Unger green
or · 2014
2 sentences

2015Given the state’s concession that defendant was unlawfully seized without reasonable suspicion, the state had the burden under either constitutional provision to demonstrate that the evidence in question was “independent of, or only tenuously related to, the illegal police conduct.” State v. Unger, 356 Or 59, 84 , 333 P3d 1009 (2014); see State v. Bailey, 356 Or 486, 508 , 338 P3d 702 (2014) (in a Fourth Amendment analysis, the state has the “burden to establish attenuation”); State v. Jackson, 268 Or App 139, 151 , 342 P3d 119 (2014) (“Whenever the state has obtained evidence following the vi

2015Given the state’s concession that defendant was unlawfully seized without reasonable suspicion, the state had the burden under either constitutional provision to demonstrate that the evidence in question was “independent of, or only tenuously related to, the illegal police conduct.” State v. Unger, 356 Or 59, 84 , 333 P3d 1009 (2014); see State v. Bailey, 356 Or 486, 508 , 338 P3d 702 (2014) (in a Fourth Amendment analysis, the state has the “burden to establish attenuation”); State v. Jackson, 268 Or App 139, 151 , 342 P3d 119 (2014) (“Whenever the state has obtained evidence following the vi

22014–2015
State Ex Rel. Juvenile Department v. Rogers green
or · 1992
22014–2014
United States v. Crews green
scotus · 1980
22014–2014
Dunaway v. New York green
scotus · 1979
22014–2014
Coolidge v. New Hampshire green
scotus · 1971
21980–2010
Franks v. Delaware green
scotus · 1978
21988–1992
State v. Florance green
or · 1974
21987–1990
State v. Tanner green
or · 1987
21988–1990
Aguilar v. Texas red
scotus · 1964
21970–1988
Spinelli v. United States red
scotus · 1969
21970–1988
Mincey v. Arizona green
scotus · 1978
21980–1985
Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc. green
scotus · 1978
21980–1980
State v. Gaines green
or · 2009
12023–2023
Carpenter v. United States green
scotus · 2018
12022–2022
Mitchell v. Wisconsin green
scotus · 2019
12022–2022
Missouri v. McNeely green
scotus · 2013
12022–2022
Mitchell v. Wisconsin green
scotus · 2019
12022–2022
Bell v. Wolfish green
scotus · 1979
12021–2021
State v. Miller green
orctapp · 2014
12019–2019
State v. Newcomb green
or · 2016
12017–2017
Heien v. North Carolina green
scotus · 2014
12017–2017
Maryland v. King green
scotus · 2013
12016–2016
State v. Evans green
or · 1971
12015–2015
State v. Wacker green
or · 1993
12015–2015
State v. Anspach green
or · 1984
12015–2015
Haynes v. Cupp green
or · 1969
12015–2015
State v. Morse green
wash · 2005
12015–2015
United States v. Borowy green
ca9 · 2010
12015–2015
Murray v. United States green
scotus · 1988
12014–2014

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 131.615 (14) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 131.605 (9) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 133.693 (7) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 813.010 (6) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 166.250 (5) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 807.570 (5) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 133.545 (4) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 133.673 (4) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 135.335 (4) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 166.270 (4) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 811.182 (4) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 430.399 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 996 (1967–2026) CA 602 (1966–2026) OH 427 (1970–2026) IL 338 (1971–2026) IN 299 (1971–2026) VA 269 (1968–2026) PA 240 (1965–2026) MI 225 (1969–2026) FL 225 (1971–2025) GA 222 (1974–2026) NY 222 (1962–2026) WI 185 (1971–2026) ID 181 (1983–2026) MD 167 (1972–2026) WA 166 (1967–2025) NJ 149 (1968–2026) KS 130 (1973–2026) MO 128 (1969–2025) DC 125 (1971–2026) NM 123 (1974–2024) AZ 123 (1968–2026) TN 117 (1969–2026) CO 109 (1976–2026) UT 106 (1983–2025) NC 101 (1973–2026) MN 98 (1965–2026) IA 97 (1969–2026) OR 88 (1970–2026) ND 84 (1974–2026) MA 82 (1964–2023) SC 79 (1976–2025) LA 76 (1977–2025) CT 63 (1970–2025) NE 60 (1972–2025) AR 56 (1981–2024) KY 55 (1979–2026) AL 55 (1964–2026) ME 54 (1970–2025) OK 48 (1972–2025) WY 45 (1972–2025) SD 45 (1967–2024) MT 42 (1974–2024) MS 41 (1971–2026) VT 31 (1971–2024) DE 30 (1968–2026) WV 30 (1980–2025) HI 27 (1978–2024) RI 26 (1980–2025) AK 25 (1974–2025) NV 25 (1974–2021) VI 13 (1977–2025) NH 12 (1988–2020) GU 2 (2021–2025)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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