34 Alabama opinions name it 2 courts 1991–2026 1 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Alabama courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Webb v. Stategreen2 sentences2013See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 2012Id. at 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868 .’ “United States v. Raymond, 152 F.3d 309, 312 (4th Cir.1998). ‘And in determining whether the officer acted reasonably in such circumstances, due weight must be given ... to the specific reasonable inference which he is entitled to draw from the facts in light of his experience.’ Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1883 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968).” State v. Hails, 814 So.2d at 986. “ ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that | 9 | 10 |
Hickman v. Stategreen2 sentences2015However, reasonable suspicion exists only if the officer has ‘specific, particularized, and articulable reasons indicating that the person [stopped] may be involved in criminal activity,’ Hickman v. State, 548 So.2d 1077, 1080 (Ala.Cr.App.1989). ‘To determine whether reasonable suspicion existed for a particular stop, the totality of the circumstances) as known to the officer at the inception of the stop, [or, in this case, at the time of the continued detention,] must be considered.’ Arnold v. State, 601 So.2d 145, 149 (Ala.Cr.App.1992) (emphasis added). 2014However, reasonable suspicion exists only if the officer has ‘specific, particularized, and articulable reasons indicating that the person [stopped] may be1 involved in criminal activity,’ Hickman v. State, 548 So.2d 1077, 1080 (Ala.Cr.App.1989). ‘To determine whether reasonable suspicion existed for a particular stop, the totality of the circumstances, as known to the officer at the inception of the stop, [or, in this case, at the time of the continued detention,'] must be considered.’ Arnold v. State, 601 So.2d 145, 149 (Ala.Cr.App.1992) (emphasis added [in Washington]). | 7 | 12 |
State v. Davisgreen2 sentences2013See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 2012This Court has explained: “ ‘ “Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,” Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers “have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,” Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986).’ ” State v. Davis, 7 So.3d 468, 470 (Ala.Crim.App.2008) (quoting Wilsher v. State, 611 So.2d 1175, 1179 (Ala.Crim.App.1992)). | 5 | 5 |
Alabama v. Whitegreen2 sentences2026App. 2009) (internal emphasis omitted). "…. " ' "Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause," Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S. Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L. 2026App. 2009) (internal emphasis omitted). "…. " ' "Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause," Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S. Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L. | 4 | 28 |
Hall v. Stategreen2 sentences2013See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 2012Id. at 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868 .’ “United States v. Raymond, 152 F.3d 309, 312 (4th Cir.1998). ‘And in determining whether the officer acted reasonably in such circumstances, due weight must be given ... to the specific reasonable inference which he is entitled to draw from the facts in light of his experience.’ Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1883 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968).” State v. Hails, 814 So.2d at 986. “ ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that | 4 | 9 |
Carnold v. Stategreen2 sentences2015However, reasonable suspicion exists only if the officer has ‘specific, particularized, and articulable reasons indicating that the person [stopped] may be involved in criminal activity,’ Hickman v. State, 548 So.2d 1077, 1080 (Ala.Cr.App.1989). ‘To determine whether reasonable suspicion existed for a particular stop, the totality of the circumstances) as known to the officer at the inception of the stop, [or, in this case, at the time of the continued detention,] must be considered.’ Arnold v. State, 601 So.2d 145, 149 (Ala.Cr.App.1992) (emphasis added). 2014However, reasonable suspicion exists only if the officer has ‘specific, particularized, and articulable reasons indicating that the person [stopped] may be1 involved in criminal activity,’ Hickman v. State, 548 So.2d 1077, 1080 (Ala.Cr.App.1989). ‘To determine whether reasonable suspicion existed for a particular stop, the totality of the circumstances, as known to the officer at the inception of the stop, [or, in this case, at the time of the continued detention,'] must be considered.’ Arnold v. State, 601 So.2d 145, 149 (Ala.Cr.App.1992) (emphasis added [in Washington]). | 3 | 5 |
Lámar v. Stategreen2 sentences2013See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 2008See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 | 3 | 4 |
Caffie v. Stategreen2 sentences2013See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 2008See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 | 3 | 3 |
Ex Parte Caffiegreen2 sentences2013See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 2008See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 | 3 | 3 |
Wilsher v. Stategreen2 sentences2012This Court has explained: “ ‘ “Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,” Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers “have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,” Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986).’ ” State v. Davis, 7 So.3d 468, 470 (Ala.Crim.App.2008) (quoting Wilsher v. State, 611 So.2d 1175, 1179 (Ala.Crim.App.1992)). 2012Id. at 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868 .’ “United States v. Raymond, 152 F.3d 309, 312 (4th Cir.1998). ‘And in determining whether the officer acted reasonably in such circumstances, due weight must be given ... to the specific reasonable inference which he is entitled to draw from the facts in light of his experience.’ Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1883 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968).” State v. Hails, 814 So.2d at 986. “ ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that | 2 | 2 |
Avis Dante Hinkle v. State of Alabama.green1 sentence2013See generally Caffie v. State, 516 So.2d 822, 825-26 (Ala.Crim.App.1986), [affirmed], 516 So.2d 831 (Ala.1987).’ Lamar v. State, 578 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 596 So.2d 659 (Ala.1991). ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that the detaining officers ‘have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person detained of criminal activity,’ Webb v. State, 500 So.2d 1280, 1281 (Ala.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 500 So.2d 1282 (Ala.1986 | 1 | 1 |
State v. Jonesgreen2 sentences2012See State v. Jones, 114 N.M. 147, 151 , 835 P.2d 863, 867 (N.M.Ct.App.1992) (holding that mere association with a known gang member does not amount to reasonable suspicion because the officers had “nothing connecting this individual defendant to a particular crime or crimes, except the likelihood that he was a gang member”); State v. Neal, 142 N.M. 176, 185 , 164 P.3d 57, 66 (2007) (holding that a “[djefendant’s mere association with a convicted felon ..., who was under surveillance in an ongoing drug investigation, was insufficient to create reasonable suspicion of Defendant ... ”); State v. 2012See State v. Jones, 114 N.M. 147, 151 , 835 P.2d 863, 867 (N.M.Ct.App.1992) (holding that mere association with a known gang member does not amount to reasonable suspicion because the officers had “nothing connecting this individual defendant to a particular crime or crimes, except the likelihood that he was a gang member”); State v. Neal, 142 N.M. 176, 185 , 164 P.3d 57, 66 (2007) (holding that a “[djefendant’s mere association with a convicted felon ..., who was under surveillance in an ongoing drug investigation, was insufficient to create reasonable suspicion of Defendant ... ”); State v. | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Patrick Cogginsgreen1 sentence2012See State v. Jones, 114 N.M. 147, 151 , 835 P.2d 863, 867 (N.M.Ct.App.1992) (holding that mere association with a known gang member does not amount to reasonable suspicion because the officers had “nothing connecting this individual defendant to a particular crime or crimes, except the likelihood that he was a gang member”); State v. Neal, 142 N.M. 176, 185 , 164 P.3d 57, 66 (2007) (holding that a “[djefendant’s mere association with a convicted felon ..., who was under surveillance in an ongoing drug investigation, was insufficient to create reasonable suspicion of Defendant ... ”); State v. | 1 | 1 |
Ex Parte Jamesgreen1 sentence2012“To justify the investigatory stop and patdown search, the officer’s actions must not be in response ‘to his inchoate and unparticularized suspicion or “hunch,” but [must be in response] to the specific reasonable inferences which he is entitled to draw from the facts in light of his experience.’” Ex parte James, 797 So.2d 413, 415 (Ala.2000) (quoting Terry, 392 U.S. at 26 ) (emphasis omitted). | 1 | 1 |
State v. Varnadogreen1 sentence2012See State v. Jones, 114 N.M. 147, 151 , 835 P.2d 863, 867 (N.M.Ct.App.1992) (holding that mere association with a known gang member does not amount to reasonable suspicion because the officers had “nothing connecting this individual defendant to a particular crime or crimes, except the likelihood that he was a gang member”); State v. Neal, 142 N.M. 176, 185 , 164 P.3d 57, 66 (2007) (holding that a “[djefendant’s mere association with a convicted felon ..., who was under surveillance in an ongoing drug investigation, was insufficient to create reasonable suspicion of Defendant ... ”); State v. | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Jean Raymondgreen1 sentence2012Id. at 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868 .’ “United States v. Raymond, 152 F.3d 309, 312 (4th Cir.1998). ‘And in determining whether the officer acted reasonably in such circumstances, due weight must be given ... to the specific reasonable inference which he is entitled to draw from the facts in light of his experience.’ Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1883 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968).” State v. Hails, 814 So.2d at 986. “ ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that | 1 | 1 |
State v. Hailsgreen1 sentence2012Id. at 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868 .’ “United States v. Raymond, 152 F.3d 309, 312 (4th Cir.1998). ‘And in determining whether the officer acted reasonably in such circumstances, due weight must be given ... to the specific reasonable inference which he is entitled to draw from the facts in light of his experience.’ Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 27 , 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1883 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968).” State v. Hails, 814 So.2d at 986. “ ‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause,’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990), requiring only that | 1 | 1 |
State v. Nealgreen2 sentences2012See State v. Jones, 114 N.M. 147, 151 , 835 P.2d 863, 867 (N.M.Ct.App.1992) (holding that mere association with a known gang member does not amount to reasonable suspicion because the officers had “nothing connecting this individual defendant to a particular crime or crimes, except the likelihood that he was a gang member”); State v. Neal, 142 N.M. 176, 185 , 164 P.3d 57, 66 (2007) (holding that a “[djefendant’s mere association with a convicted felon ..., who was under surveillance in an ongoing drug investigation, was insufficient to create reasonable suspicion of Defendant ... ”); State v. 2012See State v. Jones, 114 N.M. 147, 151 , 835 P.2d 863, 867 (N.M.Ct.App.1992) (holding that mere association with a known gang member does not amount to reasonable suspicion because the officers had “nothing connecting this individual defendant to a particular crime or crimes, except the likelihood that he was a gang member”); State v. Neal, 142 N.M. 176, 185 , 164 P.3d 57, 66 (2007) (holding that a “[djefendant’s mere association with a convicted felon ..., who was under surveillance in an ongoing drug investigation, was insufficient to create reasonable suspicion of Defendant ... ”); State v. | 1 | 1 |
| United States v. Jorge Humberto Diaz-Lizarazagreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Murraygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Owen v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Washingtongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Big B, Inc. v. Cottinghamgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Hillgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Alabama. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Terry v. Ohio
green
2 sentences2014We have stated: “Once the traffic offender signs the UTTC [Uniform Traffic Ticket and Citation], the arresting officer is to ‘forthwith release him from custody.’ § 32-1-4(a)[, Ala.Code 1975], 'The officer may further detain the driver only if he has ■probable cause to arrest- the driver for some other non-traffic offense, see Hawkins v. State, 585 So.2d 154 (Ala.1991), or has a reasonable suspicion of the driver’s involvement in some other criminal activity justifying further detention for investigatory purposes under Terry v. Ohio [, 392 U.S.1, 88 S.Ct. 1868 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968) ], see Un 2014We have stated: “Once the traffic offender signs the UTTC [Uniform Traffic Ticket and Citation], the arresting officer is to ‘forthwith release him from custody.’ § 32-1-4(a)[, Ala.Code 1975], 'The officer may further detain the driver only if he has ■probable cause to arrest- the driver for some other non-traffic offense, see Hawkins v. State, 585 So.2d 154 (Ala.1991), or has a reasonable suspicion of the driver’s involvement in some other criminal activity justifying further detention for investigatory purposes under Terry v. Ohio [, 392 U.S.1, 88 S.Ct. 1868 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968) ], see Un | 8 | 1991–2014 |
United States v. Bernardino Homero Tapia
green
2 sentences2015The officer may further detain the driver only if he has probable cause to arrest the driver for some other non-traffic offense, see Hawkins v. State, 585 So.2d 154 (Ala.1991), or has a reasonable suspicion of the driver’s involvement in some other criminal activity justifying further detention for investigatory purposes under Terry v. Ohio, see United States v. Tapia, 912 F.2d 1367 (11th Cir.1990). “‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause.’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990). 2014We have stated: “Once the traffic offender signs the UTTC [Uniform Traffic Ticket and Citation], the arresting officer is to ‘forthwith release him from custody.’ § 32-1-4(a)[, Ala.Code 1975], 'The officer may further detain the driver only if he has ■probable cause to arrest- the driver for some other non-traffic offense, see Hawkins v. State, 585 So.2d 154 (Ala.1991), or has a reasonable suspicion of the driver’s involvement in some other criminal activity justifying further detention for investigatory purposes under Terry v. Ohio [, 392 U.S.1, 88 S.Ct. 1868 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968) ], see Un | 7 | 1998–2015 |
Hawkins v. State
neutral
2 sentences2015The officer may further detain the driver only if he has probable cause to arrest the driver for some other non-traffic offense, see Hawkins v. State, 585 So.2d 154 (Ala.1991), or has a reasonable suspicion of the driver’s involvement in some other criminal activity justifying further detention for investigatory purposes under Terry v. Ohio, see United States v. Tapia, 912 F.2d 1367 (11th Cir.1990). “‘Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause.’ Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330 , 110 S.Ct. 2412, 2416 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990). 2014We have stated: “Once the traffic offender signs the UTTC [Uniform Traffic Ticket and Citation], the arresting officer is to ‘forthwith release him from custody.’ § 32-1-4(a)[, Ala.Code 1975], 'The officer may further detain the driver only if he has ■probable cause to arrest- the driver for some other non-traffic offense, see Hawkins v. State, 585 So.2d 154 (Ala.1991), or has a reasonable suspicion of the driver’s involvement in some other criminal activity justifying further detention for investigatory purposes under Terry v. Ohio [, 392 U.S.1, 88 S.Ct. 1868 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968) ], see Un | 7 | 1998–2015 |
Illinois v. Gates
green
2 sentences2005We have held that probable cause means "a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found," [ Gates, 462 U.S., at 238 ], and the level of suspicion required for a Terry stop is obviously less demanding than for probable cause.' "`"Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause not only in the sense that *Page 1090 reasonable suspicion can be established with information that is different in quantity or content than that required to establish probable cause, but also in the sense that reasonable suspicion can arise from information that is less relia 2004We have held that probable cause means `a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found,' [ Gates , 462 U.S., at 238 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 ], and the level of suspicion required for a Terry stop is obviously less demanding than for probable cause." "`Reasonable suspicion is a less demanding standard than probable cause not only in the sense that reasonable suspicion can be established with information that is different in quantity or content than that required to establish probable cause, but also in the sense that reasonable suspicion can arise from information that is less | 4 | 2003–2005 |
Atwell v. State
green
2 sentences1999"Under Terry , a stop may be made on the basis of reasonable suspicion, which is a less demanding standard than probable cause; it may be satisfied by a lesser quantity or content of information or less reliable information than would be required for a finding of probable cause." Atwell v. State 594 So.2d 202 (Ala.Crim.App. 1991), cert. denied sub nom. , Inabinett v. State , 594 So.2d 214 (Ala. 1992), citing Alabama v. White , 496 U.S. 325 (1990). 1999“Under Terry , a stop may be made on the basis of reasonable suspicion, which is a less demanding standard than probable cause; it may be satisfied by a lesser quantity or content of information or less reliable information than would be required for a finding of probable cause.” Atwell v. State 594 So.2d 202 (Ala.Cr.App.1991), cer t. denied sub nom. | 3 | 1996–1999 |
Adams v. Williams
green
2 sentences2005Adams v. Williams, supra, demonstrates as much. 2003Adams v. Williams , supra , demonstrates as much. | 2 | 2003–2005 |
Inabinett v. State
green
2 sentences1999"Under Terry , a stop may be made on the basis of reasonable suspicion, which is a less demanding standard than probable cause; it may be satisfied by a lesser quantity or content of information or less reliable information than would be required for a finding of probable cause." Atwell v. State 594 So.2d 202 (Ala.Crim.App. 1991), cert. denied sub nom. , Inabinett v. State , 594 So.2d 214 (Ala. 1992), citing Alabama v. White , 496 U.S. 325 (1990). 1999Inabinett v. State, 594 So.2d 214 (Ala.1992), citing Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325 , 110 S.Ct. 2412 , 110 L.Ed.2d 301 (1990). | 2 | 1999–1999 |
In Re Sawyer
green
1 sentence2014“We think that the quoted statements from our opinions in In re Sawyer, 360 U.S. 622 (1959), and Sheppard v. Maxwell, supra, rather plainly indicate that the speech of lawyers representing clients in pending cases may be regulated under a less demanding standard than that established for regulation of the press in Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976), and the cases which preceded it. | 1 | 2014–2014 |
Sheppard v. Maxwell
green
1 sentence2014“We think that the quoted statements from our opinions in In re Sawyer, 360 U.S. 622 (1959), and Sheppard v. Maxwell, supra, rather plainly indicate that the speech of lawyers representing clients in pending cases may be regulated under a less demanding standard than that established for regulation of the press in Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976), and the cases which preceded it. | 1 | 2014–2014 |
Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart
green
1 sentence2014“We think that the quoted statements from our opinions in In re Sawyer, 360 U.S. 622 (1959), and Sheppard v. Maxwell, supra, rather plainly indicate that the speech of lawyers representing clients in pending cases may be regulated under a less demanding standard than that established for regulation of the press in Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976), and the cases which preceded it. | 1 | 2014–2014 |
Ybarra v. Illinois
green
2 sentences2012See State v. Jones, 114 N.M. 147, 151 , 835 P.2d 863, 867 (N.M.Ct.App.1992) (holding that mere association with a known gang member does not amount to reasonable suspicion because the officers had “nothing connecting this individual defendant to a particular crime or crimes, except the likelihood that he was a gang member”); State v. Neal, 142 N.M. 176, 185 , 164 P.3d 57, 66 (2007) (holding that a “[djefendant’s mere association with a convicted felon ..., who was under surveillance in an ongoing drug investigation, was insufficient to create reasonable suspicion of Defendant ... ”); State v. 2012See State v. Jones, 114 N.M. 147, 151 , 835 P.2d 863, 867 (N.M.Ct.App.1992) (holding that mere association with a known gang member does not amount to reasonable suspicion because the officers had “nothing connecting this individual defendant to a particular crime or crimes, except the likelihood that he was a gang member”); State v. Neal, 142 N.M. 176, 185 , 164 P.3d 57, 66 (2007) (holding that a “[djefendant’s mere association with a convicted felon ..., who was under surveillance in an ongoing drug investigation, was insufficient to create reasonable suspicion of Defendant ... ”); State v. | 1 | 2012–2012 |
| State v. Otwell green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
State v. Gargus
green
1 sentence2011In State v. Gargus, 855 So.2d 587 (Ala.Crim.App.2003), this Court stated: “ ‘ “ ‘When officers lawfully arrest an automobile occupant, they may search the passenger compartment of the automobile as a contemporaneous incident of the arrest, and they also may examine the contents of containers found in the automobile.’ ” State v. Otwell, 733 So.2d at 954 , quoting United States v. Diaz-Lizaraza, 981 F.2d 1216, 1222 (11th Cir.1993). | 1 | 2011–2011 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.