generally accepted rule (Florida) · Go Syfert
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generally accepted rule in Florida

83 Florida opinions name it 5 courts 1905–2026 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Florida courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (26)

CaseFollowedCited
OBS Co., Inc. v. Pace Const. Corp.green
fla · 1990 · cited in 18 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1991–2024
2 sentences

2024Cf. OBS Co., Inc. v. Pace Const. Corp., 558 So. 2d 404, 406 (Fla. 1990) (“It is a generally accepted rule of contract law that, where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing.”); Comput.

2021See OBS Co., Inc. v. Pace Const. Corp., 558 So. 2d 404, 406 (Fla. 1990) (“It is a generally accepted rule of contract law that, where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing.”).

1718
Zeller v. Zellergreen
fladistctapp · 1981 · cited in 6 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1982–2005
2 sentences

2005We acknowledge that orders granting the custodial parent exclusive use and possession of the marital home "are so frequently ordered that they have become a generally accepted principle of the law of divorce." Zeller v. Zeller, 396 So.2d 1177, 1179 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981), see also Dorsett v. Dorsett, 902 So.2d 947 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005).

1990In Zeller v. Zeller, 396 So.2d 1177, 1179 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981), the court correctly noted that although the failure to award exclusive possession of the marital home to the custodial parent until all of the children attain majority or become emancipated would not always constitute error, such awards are so frequently ordered that they have become a generally accepted principle of the law of divorce.

46
Iglehart v. Phillipsgreen
fla · 1980 · cited in 6 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1993–2022
2 sentences

2022See Iglehart, 383 So. 2d at 615 (“It is the generally accepted rule that a fixed price repurchase option of unlimited duration, independent of the lease, is an unreasonable restraint. . . .

2022See Iglehart, 383 So. 2d at 615 (“It is the generally accepted rule that a fixed price repurchase option of unlimited duration, 7 independent of the lease, is an unreasonable restraint. . . .

26
Brine v. Fertittagreen
fladistctapp · 1988 · cited in 2 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022An option for a fixed price clearly discourages any improvements of the land by the existing property owner because he could never recover the value of the improvements should the optionee exercise the option.”); Brine v. Fertitta, 537 So. 2d 113, 114 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988) (agreeing that option contract was void due to restraint on alienation where “the option was for an indefinite period and was, in effect, for a fixed price, i.e., a price which, while adjustable 8 for inflation, was not adjustable for changes in the market value of the property”).

2022An option for a fixed price clearly discourages any improvements of the land by the existing property owner because he could never recover the value of the improvements should the optionee exercise the option.”); Sunlink Corp., 642 So. 2d at 553 (affirming summary judgment based on unreasonableness of covenant restricting resale of property where covenant lasted indefinitely, rendered property effectively unmarketable, and removed beneficial uses); Brine v. Fertitta, 537 So. 2d 113, 114 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988) (agreeing that option contract was void due to restraint on alienation where “the option

22
Jenkins v. Stategreen
fladistctapp · 2007 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026Appellee, the State of Florida, confesses error in its brief, and agrees with Appellant that the “trial court lacked jurisdiction to hold the restitution hearing or enter an order of restitution” and that the “case should be remanded back to the trial court where another restitution hearing may be conducted.” It is a generally accepted principle that a “party’s filing of a notice of appeal divests the trial court of jurisdiction to enter a restitution order.” Jenkins v. State, 954 So. 2d 738, 738 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007).

11
Computer Sales Intern. v. State Dept. Rev.green
fladistctapp · 1995 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Sales, 656 So. 2d at 1384 (“The rule is clear that when a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document— in this case, the Certificate of Acceptance—the other document is to be interpreted as part of the writing.”). 7 For USAA to prove up its contention that the assignment agreement is invalid and unenforceable under the statute, it must establish—through evidence—that these documents are not two parts of one agreement.

11
Metropolitan Dade County v. Sunlink Corp.green
fladistctapp · 1993 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022An option for a fixed price clearly discourages any improvements of the land by the existing property owner because he could never recover the value of the improvements should the optionee exercise the option.”); Sunlink Corp., 642 So. 2d at 553 (affirming summary judgment based on unreasonableness of covenant restricting resale of property where covenant lasted indefinitely, rendered property effectively unmarketable, and removed beneficial uses); Brine v. Fertitta, 537 So. 2d 113, 114 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988) (agreeing that option contract was void due to restraint on alienation where “the option

11
Jenkins v. Eckerd Corp.green
fladistctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018The [s]upreme [c]ourt set forth the second requirement for incorporation by reference in OBS Co. v. Pace Construction Corp., 558 So.2d 404, 406 (Fla. 1990): “It is a generally accepted rule of contract law that, where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to'be interpreted as part of the writing.” BGT Grp., Inc. ,v. Tradewinds Engine Servs., LLC, 62 So.3d 1192, 1194 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011) (first alteration in original); cf. Jenkins v, Eckerd Corp,, 913 So.2d 43, 51 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006) (“The contract m

11
BGT Group, Inc. v. Tradewinds Engine Services, LLCgreen
fladistctapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018The [s]upreme [c]ourt set forth the second requirement for incorporation by reference in OBS Co. v. Pace Construction Corp., 558 So.2d 404, 406 (Fla. 1990): “It is a generally accepted rule of contract law that, where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to'be interpreted as part of the writing.” BGT Grp., Inc. ,v. Tradewinds Engine Servs., LLC, 62 So.3d 1192, 1194 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011) (first alteration in original); cf. Jenkins v, Eckerd Corp,, 913 So.2d 43, 51 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006) (“The contract m

11
Avatar Properties, Inc. v. Greethamgreen
fladistctapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016“It is a generally accepted rule of contract law that, where a writing expressly refers to and' sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing.” Avatar Props., Inc. v. Greetham, 27 So.3d 764, 766 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010) (quoting OBS Co. v. Pace Constr.

11
Goodrich v. Malowneygreen
fladistctapp · 1963 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014Mayo v. Allen, 973 So.2d 1257, 1259 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008) (quoting Goodrich v. Malowney, 157 So.2d 829, 882 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963)).

11
Mayo v. Allengreen
fladistctapp · 2008 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014Mayo v. Allen, 973 So.2d 1257, 1259 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008) (quoting Goodrich v. Malowney, 157 So.2d 829, 882 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963)).

11
Harris v. Stategreen
fladistctapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
1 sentence

2012Indus. v. Betterson, 648 So.2d 778, 779 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994) (quoting Dade Cnty. v. AT & T Info.

11
Courtesy Auto Group, Inc. v. Garciagreen
fladistctapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006Courtesy Auto Group, Inc. v. Garcia, 778 So.2d 1000, 1002 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000).

11
Robinson v. Robinsongreen
fladistctapp · 1976 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
1 sentence

2005Zeller v. Zeller, 396 So.2d 1177, 1179 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981) (reversing and remanding case to the trial court for the purpose of "entering a final judgment awarding the wife exclusive occupancy of the marital domicile until the youngest of the two children in her custody attains majority or otherwise becomes emancipated"); see also Robinson v. Robinson, 340 So.2d 935, 936 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976)("The trial court granted to appellee-wife the possession and occupancy of the marital home until the youngest child of the parties is eighteen years of age.

11
Sens v. Slavia, Inc.green
fla · 1974 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
1 sentence

2003See Sens v. Slavia, Inc., 304 So.2d 438 (Fla.1974); 15 W.

11
United States Rubber Products, Inc. v. Clarkgreen
fla · 1941 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002Montgomery Roofing Co. v. Fred Howland, Inc., 98 So.2d 484 (Fla. 1957)); United States Rubber Prods. v. Clark, 145 Fla. 631 , 200 So. 385, 388 (1941) (stating that "where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing."); McGhee Interests, Inc. v. Alexander Nat'l Bank, 102 Fla. 140 , 135 So. 545 (1931).

2002Montgomery Roofing Co. v. Fred Howland, Inc., 98 So.2d 484 (Fla. 1957)); United States Rubber Prods. v. Clark, 145 Fla. 631 , 200 So. 385, 388 (1941) (stating that "where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing."); McGhee Interests, Inc. v. Alexander Nat'l Bank, 102 Fla. 140 , 135 So. 545 (1931).

11
Quix Snaxx, Inc. v. Sorensengreen
fladistctapp · 1998 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
1 sentence

2002Corp., 558 So.2d 404, 406 (Fla.1990)(“It is a generally accepted rule of contract law that, where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing.”); Quix Snaxx, Inc. v. Sorensen, 710 So.2d 152, 153 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998)(same).

11
Chicago Title Ins. Co. v. Butlergreen
fla · 2000 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
1 sentence

2002Co. v. Butler, 770 So.2d 1210, 1214 (Fla.2000) (citations omitted).

11
United States v. Houghamgreen
scotus · 1960 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Dade County v. AT & T INFORMATION SYSTEMSgreen
fladistctapp · 1986 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Berry v. Rudolphgreen
fla · 1946 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Florence v. Florencegreen
fladistctapp · 1981 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1990–1990
11
City of Hollywood v. Fieldinggreen
fladistctapp · 1978 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
11
Cabrera v. Cabreragreen
fladistctapp · 1986 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11
Castorri v. Milbrandgreen
fladistctapp · 1960 · cited in 1 Florida opinions naming this issue, 1970–1970
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Florida. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (54)

CaseCitedYears
Permenter v. Younan green
fla · 1947
2 sentences

1958The rights and privileges of a competent and qualified contractor are amply safeguarded by the provisions of the ordinance and upon a like hypothesis as that upon which the en actment of reasonable municipal building codes are held to be valid as an exercise of the police power in the interest of the general welfare of citizens and residents of the municipality, the provisions of Ordinance No. 873-A will be held valid as a means of facilitating the purposes contemplated by the provisions of the building code.” In the case of Permenter v. Younan, 1947, 159 Fla. 226 , 31 So.2d 387, 389 , the Sup

1958The rights and privileges of a competent and qualified contractor are amply safeguarded by the provisions of the ordinance and upon a like hypothesis as that upon which the en actment of reasonable municipal building codes are held to be valid as an exercise of the police power in the interest of the general welfare of citizens and residents of the municipality, the provisions of Ordinance No. 873-A will be held valid as a means of facilitating the purposes contemplated by the provisions of the building code.” In the case of Permenter v. Younan, 1947, 159 Fla. 226 , 31 So.2d 387, 389 , the Sup

31953–1966
Edward Morgan MacKenna v. O. B. Ellis, Director, Texas Department of Corrections green
ca5 · 1960
2 sentences

1977We interpret counsel to mean not er-rorless counsel, and counsel judged ineffective by hindsight, but counsel reasonably likely to render and rendering reasonably effective assistance.’ McKenna v. Ellis, 5 Cir., 1960, 280 F.2d 592 .” King v. Beto, 429 F.2d 221, p. 225 , 5th Cir., 1970.

1972We interpret counsel to mean not errorless counsel, and counsel judged ineffective by hindsight, but counsel reasonably likely to render and rendering reasonably effective assistance." McKenna v. Ellis, 5 Cir., 1960, 280 F.2d 592 .' King v. Beto, 429 F.2d 221, p. 225 , 5th Cir., 1970.

21972–1977
Nathaniel Brown v. Dr. George J. Beto, Director, Texas Department of Corrections green
ca5 · 1967
2 sentences

1977Following is the gauge by which this Circuit measures the claimed constitutional infraction: ‘ “The generally accepted standard by which to determine whether a defendant has been denied effective assistance of counsel has been set out in Brown v. Beto, 5 Cir., 1967, 377 F.2d 950 , 957-958: ‘ “ ‘The actual standard of incompetency applied by the overwhelming majority of courts is stated as follows: Incompetency of counsel such as a denial of due process and effective representation of counsel must be such as to make the trial a farce, sham, or a mockery of justice.’ * * * This court has defined

1972Following is the gauge by which this Circuit measures the claimed constitutional infraction: "`The generally accepted standard by which to determine whether a defendant has been denied effective assistance of counsel has been set out in Brown v. Beto, 5 Cir., 1967, 377 F.2d 950 , 957-958: "`"The actual standard of incompetency applied by the overwhelming majority of courts is stated as follows: Incompetency of counsel such as a denial of due process and effective representation of counsel must be such as to make the trial a farce, sham, or a mockery of justice." * * * This court has defined "e

21972–1977
Thaddeus King, Jr. v. Dr. George J. Beto, Director, Texas Department of Corrections green
ca5 · 1970
2 sentences

1977We interpret counsel to mean not er-rorless counsel, and counsel judged ineffective by hindsight, but counsel reasonably likely to render and rendering reasonably effective assistance.’ McKenna v. Ellis, 5 Cir., 1960, 280 F.2d 592 .” King v. Beto, 429 F.2d 221, p. 225 , 5th Cir., 1970.

1972We interpret counsel to mean not errorless counsel, and counsel judged ineffective by hindsight, but counsel reasonably likely to render and rendering reasonably effective assistance." McKenna v. Ellis, 5 Cir., 1960, 280 F.2d 592 .' King v. Beto, 429 F.2d 221, p. 225 , 5th Cir., 1970.

21972–1977
Beagle v. Bagwell green
fladistctapp · 1964
2 sentences

1977As stated in Beagle v. Bagwell, 169 So.2d 43 (Fla. 1st DCA 1964): "It is a generally accepted rule of law in Florida that under any standard of conduct, and in the absence of accompanying actual deception, artifice, or misconduct, where the means of knowledge are at hand and are equally available to both parties, and the subject matter is equally open to their inspection, if one of them does not avail himself of those means and opportunities, he will not be heard to say that he was deceived by the other's misrepresentations." AFFIRMED.

1968Citing a later decision, Potakar v. Hurtak, 82 So.2d 502 (Fla.1955), as authority, Judge Wigginton in Beagle, supra, at page 45 of 169 So.2d, restated the rule in the following manner: “It is a generally accepted rule of law in Florida that under any standard of conduct, and in the absence of accompanying actual deception, artifice, or misconduct, where the means of knowledge are at hand and are equally available to both parties, and the subject matter is equally open to their inspection, if one of them does not avail himself of those means and opportunities, he will not be heard to say that h

21968–1977
Drexel v. City of Miami Beach green
fla · 1953
2 sentences

1966Thus, in reference to regulation of a lawful business, as distinguished from one engaged in not of right but as a privilege, the Court in Permenter v. Younan, supra (at p. 389), said: “The generally accepted rule is to the effect that an ordinance which vests in municipal authorities arbitrary discretion to grant or revoke a license to carry on an ordinarily lawful business, without prescribing definite rules and conditions for the guidance of the authorities in the execution of their discretionary power, is invalid. 38 Am.Jur., p. 26, Section 337; Anno., 12 A.L.R. 1436 , 54 A.L.R. 1104 , and

1966Thus, in reference to regulation of a lawful business, as distinguished from one engaged in not of right but as a privilege, the Court in Permenter v. Younan, supra (at p. 389), said: “The generally accepted rule is to the effect that an ordinance which vests in municipal authorities arbitrary discretion to grant or revoke a license to carry on an ordinarily lawful business, without prescribing definite rules and conditions for the guidance of the authorities in the execution of their discretionary power, is invalid. 38 Am.Jur., p. 26, Section 337; Anno., 12 A.L.R. 1436 , 54 A.L.R. 1104 , and

21966–1966
Wing, Incorporated v. Arnold green
fladistctapp · 1958
1 sentence

2023The supreme court then noted: “It is the generally accepted rule that a fixed price repurchase option of unlimited duration, independent of the lease, is an unreasonable restraint.” Id. (emphasis supplied).

12023–2023
Dorsett v. Dorsett green
fladistctapp · 2005
1 sentence

2005We acknowledge that orders granting the custodial parent exclusive use and possession of the marital home "are so frequently ordered that they have become a generally accepted principle of the law of divorce." Zeller v. Zeller, 396 So.2d 1177, 1179 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981), see also Dorsett v. Dorsett, 902 So.2d 947 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005).

12005–2005
State v. Hoggins green
fla · 1998
1 sentence

2004The same test applies regardless of whether the evidence of post-arrest silence is admitted in the state's case in chief or during impeachment of the defendant: "If the comment is fairly susceptible of being construed by the jury as a comment on the defendant's exercise of his or her right to remain silent, it violates the defendant's right to silence." Hoggins, 718 So.2d at 769 .

12004–2004
McGhee Interests, Inc. v. Alexander National Bank green
fla · 1931
2 sentences

2002Montgomery Roofing Co. v. Fred Howland, Inc., 98 So.2d 484 (Fla. 1957)); United States Rubber Prods. v. Clark, 145 Fla. 631 , 200 So. 385, 388 (1941) (stating that "where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing."); McGhee Interests, Inc. v. Alexander Nat'l Bank, 102 Fla. 140 , 135 So. 545 (1931).

2002Montgomery Roofing Co. v. Fred Howland, Inc., 98 So.2d 484 (Fla. 1957)); United States Rubber Prods. v. Clark, 145 Fla. 631 , 200 So. 385, 388 (1941) (stating that "where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing."); McGhee Interests, Inc. v. Alexander Nat'l Bank, 102 Fla. 140 , 135 So. 545 (1931).

12002–2002
JM Montgomery Roofing Co., Inc. v. Fred Howland, Inc. green
fla · 1957
1 sentence

2002Montgomery Roofing Co. v. Fred Howland, Inc., 98 So.2d 484 (Fla. 1957)); United States Rubber Prods. v. Clark, 145 Fla. 631 , 200 So. 385, 388 (1941) (stating that "where a writing expressly refers to and sufficiently describes another document, that other document, or so much of it as is referred to, is to be interpreted as part of the writing."); McGhee Interests, Inc. v. Alexander Nat'l Bank, 102 Fla. 140 , 135 So. 545 (1931).

12002–2002
Ludwig v. Glover green
fladistctapp · 1978
11995–1995
Silvernail v. American Fire & Casualty Co. green
fla · 1955
11995–1995
Walker v. Garrison green
fladistctapp · 1992
11995–1995
Klein v. City of New Smyrna Beach green
fla · 1963
11995–1995
Markham v. Moriarty green
fladistctapp · 1991
11995–1995
Bethke v. Baker Motors green
scotus · 1991
11995–1995
Northcutt v. Farm Credit Bank green
scotus · 1991
11995–1995
State v. Smith green
fladistctapp · 1983
11995–1995
Huston v. Green green
fla · 1926
11994–1994
Resnick v. State green
fladistctapp · 1973
11994–1994
Cole v. State neutral
fladistctapp · 1973
11994–1994
Swanson v. Bennett neutral
fla · 1946
11993–1993
Seaboard Sys. RR, Inc. v. Clemente green
fladistctapp · 1985
11991–1991
Neustein v. Neustein green
fladistctapp · 1987
11990–1990
Storz Broadcasting Co. v. Courtney neutral
fla · 1966
11990–1990
Hollywood Shopping Plaza, Inc. v. Schuyler green
fladistctapp · 1965
11990–1990
Gato v. Warrington green
fla · 1896
11990–1990
Neal v. Bryant green
fla · 1962
11988–1988
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS REG., ETC. v. Hyman green
fla · 1982
11988–1988
Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co. green
scotus · 1982
11988–1988
Fleeman v. Case green
fla · 1976
11985–1985
Seddon v. Harpster green
fla · 1981
11985–1985
Walker & LaBerge, Inc. v. Halligan green
fla · 1977
11985–1985
Missouri State Highway Commission v. Stone green
moctapp · 1958
11980–1980
Division of Family Services v. State green
fladistctapp · 1975
11979–1979
Lewis v. Bank of Pasco County green
fla · 1977
11979–1979
FLA. INDUSTRIAL COM'N EX REL. SPECIAL DISABILITY FUND v. Nat. Trucking Co. neutral
fladistctapp · 1958
11979–1979
Mendez v. George Hunt, Inc. green
fladistctapp · 1966
11978–1978
Mears v. Stone neutral
fla · 1942
11976–1976

Where else courts name it

CA 142 (1909–2026) NY 113 (1889–2022) TX 88 (1907–2025) IL 83 (1897–2026) FL 83 (1905–2026) MO 77 (1882–2024) MD 68 (1915–2021) AL 59 (1896–2009) OH 58 (1905–2026) NJ 54 (1934–2026) LA 53 (1904–2018) MI 50 (1904–2025) NC 49 (1906–2024) KY 45 (1907–2018) CT 38 (1910–2019) OK 36 (1916–2017) PA 34 (1891–2024) CO 33 (1913–2025) VA 32 (1907–2009) OR 32 (1897–2018) TN 31 (1895–2024) WA 31 (1897–2016) WI 30 (1898–2026) KS 28 (1871–2022) IN 26 (1888–2014) AZ 26 (1903–2024) NE 25 (1899–2026) MA 24 (1891–2025) MS 24 (1954–2014) IA 22 (1932–2026) WY 22 (1903–2026) AR 22 (1900–2026) HI 20 (1920–2020) ID 19 (1934–2023) GA 17 (1897–2015) MN 17 (1890–2013) VT 17 (1905–2024) WV 16 (1909–2009) NM 16 (1925–2021) ME 15 (1927–2017) RI 15 (1904–2021) SD 14 (1916–2017) MT 14 (1914–2017) DC 14 (1952–2016) ND 11 (1914–1985) UT 11 (1880–2020) NV 10 (1919–2020) SC 9 (1895–2022) DE 9 (1960–1996) AK 7 (1970–2000) PR 6 (1937–1969) VI 5 (1982–2025) NH 3 (1975–2012)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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