generally accepted rule (Wyoming) · Go Syfert
← Wyoming issues

generally accepted rule in Wyoming

22 Wyoming opinions name it 1 courts 1903–2026 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Wyoming courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (8)

CaseFollowedCited
True v. Hi-Plains Elevator MacHinery, Inc.green
wyo · 1978 · cited in 2 Wyoming opinions naming this issue, 1991–1993
2 sentences

1993Popejoy , at 549 (quoting True v. Hi-Plains Elevator Machinery, Inc., 577 P.2d 991, 996-97 (Wyo.1978)) (emphasis added).

1991True v. Hi-Plains Elevator Machinery, Inc., 577 P.2d 991, 996-97 (Wyo.1978) (citations and footnote omitted) (emphasis added).

22
MGTC, Inc. v. Public Service Commission of Wyominggreen
wyo · 1987 · cited in 2 Wyoming opinions naming this issue, 1994–2014
2 sentences

2014This rule is "a generally accepted principle of public utility law which recognizes the prospective nature of utility ratemaking and prohibits regulatory commissions from rolling back rates which have already been approved and have become final." MGTC, Inc. v. Public Service Comm'n of Wyoming, 735 P.2d 103, 107 (Wyo.1987).

1994Consumer Representative Staff argues, inter alia, that Wyoming utility law and Wyoming Supreme Court decisions prohibit the Commission from setting rates retroactively as sought by Montana-Dakota, relying upon the Wyoming Supreme Court decision in MGTC, Inc. v. Public Service Commission of Wyoming, et al., 735 P.2d 103 (Wyo.1987), wherein the court stated in unequivocal language that this Commission is prohibited from retroactive ratemaMng, ie., [T]he rule against retroactive ratemak-ing is a generally accepted principle of public utility law which recognizes the prospective nature of utility

12
PacifiCorp v. Public Service Com'n of Wyo.green
wyo · 2004 · cited in 1 Wyoming opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014"Put simply, the rule against retroactive ratemaking prohibits the Commission from setting future rates to allow a utility to recoup past losses or to refund to consumers excess utility profits." PacifiCorp v. Public Service Comm'n, 2004 WY 164, ¶ 35 , 103 P.3d 862, 874-75 (Wyo.2004).

2014"Put simply, the rule against retroactive ratemaking prohibits the Commission from setting future rates to allow a utility to recoup past losses or to refund to consumers excess utility profits." PacifiCorp v. Public Service Comm'n, 2004 WY 164, ¶ 35 , 103 P.3d 862, 874-75 (Wyo.2004).

11
Miller v. Aetna Life & Casualty Insurancegreen
arizctapp · 1989 · cited in 1 Wyoming opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
1 sentence

2004This Court has explained the prohibition against retroactive ratemaking in the following terms: "The rule against retroactive ratemaking is a generally accepted principle of public utility law which recognizes the prospective nature of utility rate-making and prohibits regulatory commissions from rolling back rates which have already been approved and have become final." MGTC, Inc. v. Public Service Comm'n of Wyoming, 785 P.2d 108, 107 (Wyo.1987).

11
Popejoy v. Steinlegreen
wyo · 1991 · cited in 1 Wyoming opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
1 sentence

1993Popejoy , at 549 (quoting True v. Hi-Plains Elevator Machinery, Inc., 577 P.2d 991, 996-97 (Wyo.1978)) (emphasis added).

11
Mountain Fuel Supply Co. v. Public Service Commission of Wyominggreen
wyo · 1983 · cited in 1 Wyoming opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
1 sentence

1987Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company v. Public Utilities Commission, 62 Cal.2d 634 , 44 Cal.Rptr. 1 , 401 P.2d 353, 364-366 (1965); see also Mountain Fuel Supply Company v. Public Service Commission of Wyoming, Wyo., 662 P.2d 878 (1983).

11
Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Public Utilities Commissiongreen
cal · 1965 · cited in 1 Wyoming opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
2 sentences

1987Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company v. Public Utilities Commission, 62 Cal.2d 634 , 44 Cal.Rptr. 1 , 401 P.2d 353, 364-366 (1965); see also Mountain Fuel Supply Company v. Public Service Commission of Wyoming, Wyo., 662 P.2d 878 (1983).

1987Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company v. Public Utilities Commission, 62 Cal.2d 634 , 44 Cal.Rptr. 1 , 401 P.2d 353, 364-366 (1965); see also Mountain Fuel Supply Company v. Public Service Commission of Wyoming, Wyo., 662 P.2d 878 (1983).

11
Opitz v. Town of Newcastlegreen
wyo · 1926 · cited in 1 Wyoming opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
2 sentences

1985Bieber v. City of Newcastle, 242 F.Supp. 457 (D.Wyo.1965). “ * * * The most generally accepted rule in this country is that municipalities, which have full and complete control over the streets within their corporate limits * *• * are liable for damages for injuries sustained in consequence of their failure to use reasonable care in keeping them in a reasonably safe condition for public travel * * *.” Opitz v. Town of City of Newcastle, 35 Wyo. 358, 362 , 249 P. 799, 800 (1926).

1985Bieber v. City of Newcastle, 242 F.Supp. 457 (D.Wyo.1965). “ * * * The most generally accepted rule in this country is that municipalities, which have full and complete control over the streets within their corporate limits * *• * are liable for damages for injuries sustained in consequence of their failure to use reasonable care in keeping them in a reasonably safe condition for public travel * * *.” Opitz v. Town of City of Newcastle, 35 Wyo. 358, 362 , 249 P. 799, 800 (1926).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Wyoming. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (31)

CaseCitedYears
Sparf v. United States green
scotus · 1895
2 sentences

1999Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 , 15 S.Ct. 273 , 39 L.Ed. 343 (1895); United States v. Wiley, 503 F.2d 106 (8th Cir.1974); State v. Skuse [Skuse v. State], Alaska.App., 714 P.2d 368 (1986); Medley v. Commonwealth, Ky., 704 S.W.2d 190 (1985); People v. St.

1999Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 , 15 S.Ct. 273 , 39 L.Ed. 343 (1895); United States v. Wiley, 503 F.2d 106 (8th Cir.1974); State v. Skuse [Skuse v. State], Alaska.App., 714 P.2d 368 (1986); Medley v. Commonwealth, Ky., 704 S.W.2d 190 (1985); People v. St.

21986–1999
Skuse v. State green
alaskactapp · 1986
2 sentences

1999Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 , 15 S.Ct. 273 , 39 L.Ed. 343 (1895); United States v. Wiley, 503 F.2d 106 (8th Cir.1974); State v. Skuse [Skuse v. State], Alaska.App., 714 P.2d 368 (1986); Medley v. Commonwealth, Ky., 704 S.W.2d 190 (1985); People v. St.

1986Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 , 15 S.Ct. 273 , 39 *450 L.Ed. 343 (1895); United States v. Wiley, 503 F.2d 106 (8th Cir.1974); State v. Skuse, Alaska.App., 714 P.2d 368 (1986); Medley v. Commonwealth, Ky., 704 S.W.2d 190 (1985); People v. St.

21986–1999
Kruse v. Commonwealth green
ky · 1985
2 sentences

1999Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 , 15 S.Ct. 273 , 39 L.Ed. 343 (1895); United States v. Wiley, 503 F.2d 106 (8th Cir.1974); State v. Skuse [Skuse v. State], Alaska.App., 714 P.2d 368 (1986); Medley v. Commonwealth, Ky., 704 S.W.2d 190 (1985); People v. St.

1986Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 , 15 S.Ct. 273 , 39 *450 L.Ed. 343 (1895); United States v. Wiley, 503 F.2d 106 (8th Cir.1974); State v. Skuse, Alaska.App., 714 P.2d 368 (1986); Medley v. Commonwealth, Ky., 704 S.W.2d 190 (1985); People v. St.

21986–1999
United States v. Troy L. Wiley green
ca8 · 1974
2 sentences

1999Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 , 15 S.Ct. 273 , 39 L.Ed. 343 (1895); United States v. Wiley, 503 F.2d 106 (8th Cir.1974); State v. Skuse [Skuse v. State], Alaska.App., 714 P.2d 368 (1986); Medley v. Commonwealth, Ky., 704 S.W.2d 190 (1985); People v. St.

1986Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 , 15 S.Ct. 273 , 39 *450 L.Ed. 343 (1895); United States v. Wiley, 503 F.2d 106 (8th Cir.1974); State v. Skuse, Alaska.App., 714 P.2d 368 (1986); Medley v. Commonwealth, Ky., 704 S.W.2d 190 (1985); People v. St.

21986–1999
Ross v. Meagan green
ca3 · 1981
2 sentences

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

21982–1983
Timothy Daryl Atkins v. John Gibson Lanning, Kenneth D. Fouts and Randall Craig Ruark green
ca10 · 1977
2 sentences

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

21982–1983
cluster 366924 green
ca3 · 1979
2 sentences

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

21982–1983
Ash v. Merlette green
mont · 2017
1 sentence

2026Id. ¶ 16, 407 P.3d at 310 (citing cases); see also Meander Line, Black’s Law Dictionary (12th ed. 2024) (defining a meander line as “[a] survey line (not a boundary line) on a 4 portion of land, usu. following the course of a river or stream. . . . [T]he watercourse, and not the meander line as naturally run on the ground, is the boundary.” (citation omitted)).

12026–2026
Stone v. First Wyoming Bank green
ca1 · 1980
2 sentences

1992Stone v. First Wyoming Bank N.A., Lusk, 625 F.2d 332 (10th Cir.1980).

1992Stone v. First Wyoming Bank N.A., Lusk, 625 F.2d 332 (10th Cir.1980).

11992–1992
Williams v. People neutral
colo · 1909
2 sentences

1987Williams v. People, 46 Colo. 183 , 103 P. 298 (1909).

1987Williams v. People, 46 Colo. 183 , 103 P. 298 (1909).

11987–1987
Bieber v. City of Newcastle green
wyd · 1965
2 sentences

1985Bieber v. City of Newcastle, 242 F. Supp. 457 (D.Wyo. 1965). "* * * The most generally accepted rule in this country is that municipalities, which have full and complete control over the streets within their corporate limits * * * are liable for damages for injuries sustained in consequence of their failure to use reasonable care in keeping them in a reasonably safe condition for public travel * * *." Opitz v. Town of City of Newcastle, 35 Wyo. 358, 362 , 249 P. 799, 800 (1926).

1985Bieber v. City of Newcastle, 242 F.Supp. 457 (D.Wyo.1965). “ * * * The most generally accepted rule in this country is that municipalities, which have full and complete control over the streets within their corporate limits * *• * are liable for damages for injuries sustained in consequence of their failure to use reasonable care in keeping them in a reasonably safe condition for public travel * * *.” Opitz v. Town of City of Newcastle, 35 Wyo. 358, 362 , 249 P. 799, 800 (1926).

11985–1985
cluster 323056 green
cadc · 1974
2 sentences

1983Apton v. Wilson, supra, [165 D.C.App. 22,] 506 F.2d 83 [1974], “That rule of qualified immunity for police, including investigators and other members of the executive branch, is a generally accepted doctrine.

1983Apton v. Wilson, supra, [165 D.C.App. 22,] 506 F.2d 83 [1974], “That rule of qualified immunity for police, including investigators and other members of the executive branch, is a generally accepted doctrine.

11983–1983
Mitchell v. Zweibon green
scotus · 1981
1 sentence

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

11983–1983
Woods v. Texas green
scotus · 1981
1 sentence

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

11983–1983
Mitchell v. Forsyth green
scotus · 1981
1 sentence

1983Atkins v. Lanning, supra [ 556 F.2d 485 (10th Cir.1977)]; Ross v. Meagan, supra [ 638 F.2d 646 (3rd Cir.1981)]; Forsyth v. Kleindienst, supra [ 599 F.2d 1203 (3rd Cir.1979), cert. denied 453 U.S. 913 , 101 S.Ct. 3147 , 69 L.Ed.2d 997 ].” As we explained in Blake , there must be a measure of protection given to law enforcement officers to save them from the harassment and risk of being mulcted in damages for mistakes they may make in the performance of their duties.

11983–1983
The Standard Oil Company, a Corporation and Sohio Petroleum Company, a Corporation v. Standard Oil Company, a Corporation green
ca10 · 1958
2 sentences

1981In carefully setting forth the rule concerning a finding of confusion, the court said: “This court has announced the following controlling rule: “ ‘It is the generally accepted rule that a designation is confusingly similar to a trade-mark if an ordinary prospective purchaser, exercising due care in the circumstances, is likely to regard it as coming from the same source as the trade-marked article. * * * The question is usually one of fact * * * which in some cases may be determined by visual comparison, as where specific differences are so marked that the general appearance could not be conf

1981In carefully setting forth the rule concerning a finding of confusion, the court said: "This court has announced the following controlling rule: "`It is the generally accepted rule that a designation is confusingly similar to a trade-mark if an ordinary prospective purchaser, exercising due care in the circumstances, is likely to regard it as coming from the same source as the trade-marked article. * * * The question is usually one of fact * * * which in some cases may be determined by visual comparison, as where specific differences are so marked that the general appearance could not be confu

11981–1981
Avrick v. Rockmont Envelope Co. green
ca10 · 1946
2 sentences

1981As said in Avrick [Avrick v. Rockmont Envelope Co., 10 Cir., 155 F.2d 568 ], supra, 155 F.2d at pages 572-573: “ ‘It is the total effect produced by the designation in the mind of the ordinary purchaser, exercising due care in the market place,’ ” (Footnotes omitted.) Standard Oil Company, supra, 252 F.2d at 73 .

1981As said in Avrick [ Avrick v. Rockmont Envelope Co., 10 Cir., 155 F.2d 568 ], supra, 155 F.2d at pages 572-573: "`It is the total effect produced by the designation in the mind of the ordinary purchaser, exercising due care in the market place,'" (Footnotes omitted.) Standard Oil Company, supra, 252 F.2d at 73 . *923 The court goes on to point out that the parties "are engaged in identical enterprises" and "[t]hey draw their customers from the same sources." Standard Oil Company, supra, 252 F.2d at 73 .

11981–1981
In re the Accounting of the Marine Midland Trust Co. green
nyappdiv · 1971
2 sentences

1978Jones v. Taylor, Mo.App.1966, 401 S.W.2d 183, 187 ; Carey v. Humphries, 1961, 171 Neb. 578 , 107 N.W.2d 20, 22 ; In re Wells’ Will, 1971, 36 A.D.2d 471 , 321 N.Y.S.2d 200, 206 ; Mislosky v. Wilhelm, 1971, 130 Vt. 63 , 286 A.2d 267, 271 .

1978Jones v. Taylor, Mo.App.1966, 401 S.W.2d 183, 187 ; Carey v. Humphries, 1961, 171 Neb. 578 , 107 N.W.2d 20, 22 ; In re Wells’ Will, 1971, 36 A.D.2d 471 , 321 N.Y.S.2d 200, 206 ; Mislosky v. Wilhelm, 1971, 130 Vt. 63 , 286 A.2d 267, 271 .

11978–1978
Schroeder v. Fageol Motors, Inc. green
wash · 1975
2 sentences

1978Schroeder v. Fageol Motors, Inc., 1974, 12 Wash.App. 161 , 528 P.2d 992, 995 , aff’d. in part, rev’d, in part on other grounds, 86 Wash.2d 256 , 544 P.2d 20 ; Judd Construction Company v. Bob Post, Inc., Colo.App.1973, 516 P.2d 449 ; Steele v. J.

1978Schroeder v. Fageol Motors, Inc., 1974, 12 Wash.App. 161 , 528 P.2d 992, 995 , aff’d. in part, rev’d, in part on other grounds, 86 Wash.2d 256 , 544 P.2d 20 ; Judd Construction Company v. Bob Post, Inc., Colo.App.1973, 516 P.2d 449 ; Steele v. J.

11978–1978
Schroeder v. Fageol Motors, Inc. green
washctapp · 1974
11978–1978
Judd Construction Company v. Bob Post, Inc. green
coloctapp · 1973
11978–1978
Carey v. Humphries green
neb · 1961
2 sentences

1978Jones v. Taylor, Mo.App.1966, 401 S.W.2d 183, 187 ; Carey v. Humphries, 1961, 171 Neb. 578 , 107 N.W.2d 20, 22 ; In re Wells’ Will, 1971, 36 A.D.2d 471 , 321 N.Y.S.2d 200, 206 ; Mislosky v. Wilhelm, 1971, 130 Vt. 63 , 286 A.2d 267, 271 .

1978Jones v. Taylor, Mo.App.1966, 401 S.W.2d 183, 187 ; Carey v. Humphries, 1961, 171 Neb. 578 , 107 N.W.2d 20, 22 ; In re Wells’ Will, 1971, 36 A.D.2d 471 , 321 N.Y.S.2d 200, 206 ; Mislosky v. Wilhelm, 1971, 130 Vt. 63 , 286 A.2d 267, 271 .

11978–1978
Mislosky v. Wilhelm green
vt · 1971
2 sentences

1978Jones v. Taylor, Mo.App.1966, 401 S.W.2d 183, 187 ; Carey v. Humphries, 1961, 171 Neb. 578 , 107 N.W.2d 20, 22 ; In re Wells’ Will, 1971, 36 A.D.2d 471 , 321 N.Y.S.2d 200, 206 ; Mislosky v. Wilhelm, 1971, 130 Vt. 63 , 286 A.2d 267, 271 .

1978Jones v. Taylor, Mo.App.1966, 401 S.W.2d 183, 187 ; Carey v. Humphries, 1961, 171 Neb. 578 , 107 N.W.2d 20, 22 ; In re Wells’ Will, 1971, 36 A.D.2d 471 , 321 N.Y.S.2d 200, 206 ; Mislosky v. Wilhelm, 1971, 130 Vt. 63 , 286 A.2d 267, 271 .

11978–1978
Jones v. Taylor green
moctapp · 1966
1 sentence

1978Jones v. Taylor, Mo.App.1966, 401 S.W.2d 183, 187 ; Carey v. Humphries, 1961, 171 Neb. 578 , 107 N.W.2d 20, 22 ; In re Wells’ Will, 1971, 36 A.D.2d 471 , 321 N.Y.S.2d 200, 206 ; Mislosky v. Wilhelm, 1971, 130 Vt. 63 , 286 A.2d 267, 271 .

11978–1978
Blumenthal v. City of Cheyenne green
wyo · 1947
11958–1958
Oklahoma City v. Orthwein green
ca8 · 1919
11936–1936
Freese v. City of Pierre neutral
sd · 1916
11936–1936
Horton v. Peacock neutral
wyo · 1872
11931–1931
Megown v. Fuller neutral
· 1927
11931–1931
Stamps v. Tittle green
texapp · 1914
11924–1924
Adsit v. Osmun green
mich · 1891
11903–1903

Where else courts name it

CA 142 (1909–2026) NY 113 (1889–2022) TX 88 (1907–2025) IL 83 (1897–2026) FL 83 (1905–2026) MO 77 (1882–2024) MD 68 (1915–2021) AL 59 (1896–2009) OH 58 (1905–2026) NJ 54 (1934–2026) LA 53 (1904–2018) MI 50 (1904–2025) NC 49 (1906–2024) KY 45 (1907–2018) CT 38 (1910–2019) OK 36 (1916–2017) PA 34 (1891–2024) CO 33 (1913–2025) VA 32 (1907–2009) OR 32 (1897–2018) TN 31 (1895–2024) WA 31 (1897–2016) WI 30 (1898–2026) KS 28 (1871–2022) IN 26 (1888–2014) AZ 26 (1903–2024) NE 25 (1899–2026) MA 24 (1891–2025) MS 24 (1954–2014) IA 22 (1932–2026) WY 22 (1903–2026) AR 22 (1900–2026) HI 20 (1920–2020) ID 19 (1934–2023) GA 17 (1897–2015) MN 17 (1890–2013) VT 17 (1905–2024) WV 16 (1909–2009) NM 16 (1925–2021) ME 15 (1927–2017) RI 15 (1904–2021) SD 14 (1916–2017) MT 14 (1914–2017) DC 14 (1952–2016) ND 11 (1914–1985) UT 11 (1880–2020) NV 10 (1919–2020) SC 9 (1895–2022) DE 9 (1960–1996) AK 7 (1970–2000) PR 6 (1937–1969) VI 5 (1982–2025) NH 3 (1975–2012)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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