Terry stop (Virgin Islands) · Go Syfert
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Terry stop in Virgin Islands

12 Virgin Islands opinions name it 2 courts 2002–2016 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Virgin Islands courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (16)

CaseFollowedCited
United States v. Kareem Browngreen
ca3 · 2006 · cited in 2 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2015–2016
2 sentences

2016Evidence obtained as a result of a “Terry stop” that does not meet this exception must be suppressed as “fruit of the poisonous tree.” United States v. Brown, 448 F.3d 239, 244 (3d Cir. 2006) (citing Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 487-88 , 83 S. Ct. 407 , 9 L.

2015Evidence obtained as the result of a “Terry stop” without the required level of reasonable suspicion must be suppressed as “fruit of the poisonous tree.” United States v. Brown, 448 F.3d 239, 244 (3d Cir. 2006) (citing Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 487-88 , 83 S. Ct. 407 , 9 L.

22
Wong Sun v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1963 · cited in 4 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2002–2016
2 sentences

2016Evidence obtained as a result of a “Terry stop” that does not meet this exception must be suppressed as “fruit of the poisonous tree.” United States v. Brown, 448 F.3d 239, 244 (3d Cir. 2006) (citing Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 487-88 , 83 S. Ct. 407 , 9 L.

2016Evidence obtained as a result of a “Terry stop” that does not meet this exception must be suppressed as “fruit of the poisonous tree.” United States v. Brown, 448 F.3d 239, 244 (3d Cir. 2006) (citing Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 487-88 , 83 S. Ct. 407 , 9 L.

14
United States v. Kahli Ubilesgreen
ca3 · 2000 · cited in 2 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2002–2012
2 sentences

2012Ubiles recognized that the possession of a firearm in the Virgin Islands, in and of itself, does not provide officers with reasonable suspicion to conduct a Terry stop. 224 F.3d at 217 (“[A] mere allegation that a suspect possesses a firearm, as dangerous as firearms may be, [does not] justify an officer in stopping a suspect absent the reasonable suspicion.”).

2002The Third Circuit held that the gun found pursuant to the Terry stop and frisk conducted by the marshal and the officers should have been suppressed because those officials “had no reason to believe that Ubiles was ‘involved in criminal activity ...’” Ubiles, 224 F.3d at 217 quoting Illinois v. Wardlow, 120 S. Ct. at 676 .

12
Adams v. Williamsgreen
scotus · 1972 · cited in 2 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2002–2008
2 sentences

2008“The purpose of this limited search is not to discover evidence of crime, but to allow the officer to pursue his investigation without fear of violence . . .” Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143, 145-147 , 92 S. Ct. 1921 , 32 L.

2008“The purpose of this limited search is not to discover evidence of crime, but to allow the officer to pursue his investigation without fear of violence . . .” Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143, 145-147 , 92 S. Ct. 1921 , 32 L.

12
United States v. Hensleygreen
scotus · 1985 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See United States v. Hensley, 469 U.S. 221, 235 , 83 L.

2016See United States v. Hensley, 469 U.S. 221, 235 , 83 L.

11
United States v. Gatlingreen
ca3 · 2010 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
1 sentence

2012Id. at 378-79.

11
United States v. Mathuringreen
ca3 · 2009 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012See United States v. Mathurin, 561 F.3d 170, 174-75 , 51 V.I. 1196 (3d Cir.2009) (“We will examine the factors separately to address their individual significance, and then in the aggregate to assess the agents’ reasonable •suspicion under our totality of the circumstances inquiry.”).

2012See United States v. Mathurin, 561 F.3d 170, 174-75 , 51 V.I. 1196 (3d Cir.2009) (“We will examine the factors separately to address their individual significance, and then in the aggregate to assess the agents’ reasonable •suspicion under our totality of the circumstances inquiry.”).

11
United States v. Zachery Lee Wilsongreen
ca7 · 1993 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010With this knowledge, the recovery of a firearm from Blyden, a person suspected of having recently committed a shooting, ripened Dowdye’s reasonable suspicion to stop and frisk Blyden into probable cause to arrest him as a suspect in the shooting. 7 See, e.g., United States v. Martinez, 462 F.3d 903, 908 (8th Cir. 2006) (discovery of wad of money during Terry stop provided probable cause for arrest of person suspected of committing bank robbery); United States v. Wilson, 2 F.3d 226, 232 (7th Cir. 1993) (“The [marijuana] baggies [found during the initial Terry stop] supplied the probable cause t

11
United States v. Cruz, Jose, United States of America v. Alverio, Julian Miguelgreen
ca3 · 1990 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010“Probable cause exists where facts and circumstances within the arresting officer’s knowledge are sufficient in themselves to warrant a reasonable person to believe that an offense has been . . . committed by the person to be arrested.” United States v. Cruz, 910 F.2d 1072, 1076 (3d Cir. 1990).

11
United States v. Edwin Martinez, Jr., Also Known as Edwin Martinez Franco, Jr.green
ca8 · 2006 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010With this knowledge, the recovery of a firearm from Blyden, a person suspected of having recently committed a shooting, ripened Dowdye’s reasonable suspicion to stop and frisk Blyden into probable cause to arrest him as a suspect in the shooting. 7 See, e.g., United States v. Martinez, 462 F.3d 903, 908 (8th Cir. 2006) (discovery of wad of money during Terry stop provided probable cause for arrest of person suspected of committing bank robbery); United States v. Wilson, 2 F.3d 226, 232 (7th Cir. 1993) (“The [marijuana] baggies [found during the initial Terry stop] supplied the probable cause t

11
People v. Archibaldgreen
visuper · 2008 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010People v. Archibald, 50 V.I. 74, 92 (Super.

11
United States v. Thomasgreen
ca3 · 2003 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010At this point, it is without question that the officer had probable cause to arrest Mr. Wilson.”); United States v. Thomas, 74 Fed.

11
United States v. Davisgreen
ca10 · 1996 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
1 sentence

2008Id. at 1468-69.

11
United States v. Sokolowgreen
scotus · 1989 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1, 8-10 , 109 S. Ct. 1581, 1585-87 , 104 L.

2008See United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1, 8-10 , 109 S. Ct. 1581, 1585-87 , 104 L.

11
United States v. Lester Robersongreen
ca3 · 1996 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006Ed. 2d 301 (1990), the Supreme Court “considered whether an anonymous informant’s tip would provide reasonable suspicion for a Terry stop” and adopted the “totality of the circumstances” test to make such a determination, “stressing] two factors: (1) an officer’s ability to corroborate significant aspects of the tip and (2) the tip’s ability to predict future events.” See, United States v. Roberson, 90 F.3d 75, 77 (3d Cir. 1996).

11
United States v. Larry Valentine, A/K/A Hassan Deloa Tch, A/K/A Hassan Deloach, A/K/A Shawn Valentinegreen
ca3 · 2000 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
2 sentences

2005See Valentine, 232 F.3d at 356 .

2005See Valentine, 232 F.3d at 356 .

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (2)

CaseNegativeCited
State v. Duncangreen
wash · 2002 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016But see State v. Duncan, 146 Wn.2d 166 , 43 P.3d 513, 517 (2002) (declining “to extend the Terry stop exception under the Fourth Amendment... to nontraffic civil infractions.”).

11
State v. Duncangreen
wash · 2002 · cited in 1 Virgin Islands opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016But see State v. Duncan, 146 Wn.2d 166 , 43 P.3d 513, 517 (2002) (declining “to extend the Terry stop exception under the Fourth Amendment... to nontraffic civil infractions.”).

11

Also cited on this issue (9)

CaseCitedYears
Illinois v. Wardlow green
scotus · 2000
2 sentences

2016Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119, 124 , 120 S.Ct.673, 676, 145 L.Ed.2d 570 (2000).

2002The Third Circuit held that the gun found pursuant to the Terry stop and frisk conducted by the marshal and the officers should have been suppressed because those officials “had no reason to believe that Ubiles was ‘involved in criminal activity ...’” Ubiles, 224 F.3d at 217 quoting Illinois v. Wardlow, 120 S. Ct. at 676 .

22002–2016
Terry v. Ohio green
scotus · 1968
2 sentences

2016The United States Supreme Court allows for a narrow class of physical searches, or “frisks,” during a Terry stop; “there must be a narrowly drawn authority to permit a reasonable search for weapons for the protection of the police officer, where he has reason to believe that he is dealing with an armed and dangerous individual, regardless of whether he has probable cause to arrest the individual for a crime.” Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 27 , 88 S. Ct. 1868, 1883 , 20 L.

2016The United States Supreme Court allows for a narrow class of physical searches, or “frisks,” during a Terry stop; “there must be a narrowly drawn authority to permit a reasonable search for weapons for the protection of the police officer, where he has reason to believe that he is dealing with an armed and dangerous individual, regardless of whether he has probable cause to arrest the individual for a crime.” Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 27 , 88 S. Ct. 1868, 1883 , 20 L.

22015–2016
Minnesota v. Dickerson green
scotus · 1993
1 sentence

2016Ed. 2d 604 (1985) as “upholding plain-view seizure in the context of a Terry stop.” 508 U.S. at 374-75 .

12016–2016
Michigan v. Long green
scotus · 1983
2 sentences

2016In Michigan v. Long, the United States Supreme Court extended the Terry doctrine to allow law enforcement to search “the passenger compartment of an automobile, limited to those areas in which a weapon may be placed or hidden, ... if the police officer possesses a reasonable belief based on ‘specific and articulable facts which, taken together with the rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant’ the officer in believing that the suspect is dangerous and the suspéct may gain immediate control of weapons.” 463 U.S. 1032, 1049 , 103 S. Ct. 3469, 3481 , 77 L.

2016In Michigan v. Long, the United States Supreme Court extended the Terry doctrine to allow law enforcement to search “the passenger compartment of an automobile, limited to those areas in which a weapon may be placed or hidden, ... if the police officer possesses a reasonable belief based on ‘specific and articulable facts which, taken together with the rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant’ the officer in believing that the suspect is dangerous and the suspéct may gain immediate control of weapons.” 463 U.S. 1032, 1049 , 103 S. Ct. 3469, 3481 , 77 L.

12016–2016
Chimel v. California red
scotus · 1969
2 sentences

2010As the Supreme Court expressly held in Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752, 763 , 89 S. Ct. 2034 , 23 L.

2010As the Supreme Court expressly held in Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752, 763 , 89 S. Ct. 2034 , 23 L.

12010–2010
United States v. Cortez green
scotus · 1981
2 sentences

2008United States v. Cortez, 449 U.S. 411 , 101 S. Ct. 690 , 66 L.

2008United States v. Cortez, 449 U.S. 411 , 101 S. Ct. 690 , 66 L.

12008–2008
Government of the Virgin Islands v. Rodriguez neutral
virginislands · 1988
1 sentence

2008Support for this conclusion is also provided by the decision in Rodriguez, supra, in which a former judge of this Court held that officers did not make a valid Terry stop of an individual who had fled from them the night before after they inquired whether he had a weapon.

12008–2008
Illinois v. Gates green
scotus · 1983
2 sentences

2002White, 496 U.S. at 328 quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 230 , 76 L.

2002White, 496 U.S. at 328 quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 230 , 76 L.

12002–2002
Alabama v. White green
scotus · 1990
1 sentence

2002White, 496 U.S. at 328 quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 230 , 76 L.

12002–2002

Statutes the citing opinions construe

USC § 48u.s.c.1561 (5)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 747 (1977–2026) OH 594 (1978–2026) PA 416 (1973–2026) WA 373 (1975–2026) TX 348 (1983–2026) IN 258 (1973–2024) VA 244 (1983–2026) FL 196 (1979–2025) DC 162 (1972–2026) NJ 159 (1984–2026) GA 156 (1977–2025) MD 153 (1977–2026) LA 139 (1980–2026) MO 127 (1981–2024) AL 116 (1981–2026) WI 115 (1983–2026) MI 113 (1978–2026) CT 101 (1973–2020) CA 91 (1969–2026) MA 89 (1980–2025) KS 87 (1980–2026) TN 68 (1976–2025) IA 63 (1984–2026) NC 63 (1991–2026) ID 59 (1986–2023) AZ 59 (1985–2024) MN 58 (1975–2025) KY 53 (1984–2025) UT 44 (1981–2025) WY 42 (1992–2025) NM 40 (1980–2025) NE 38 (1987–2022) DE 34 (1981–2025) MT 32 (1981–2025) ND 30 (1985–2021) NY 29 (1981–2024) MS 29 (1972–2025) ME 28 (1978–2026) VT 26 (1982–2019) CO 25 (1975–2021) SD 21 (1991–2018) SC 20 (1996–2022) NH 17 (1983–2020) AR 14 (1985–2015) VI 12 (2002–2016) OR 11 (1979–2018) AK 11 (1980–2018) HI 11 (1982–2022) WV 10 (1991–2020) NV 10 (1994–2023) OK 9 (1987–2014) RI 8 (1989–2024)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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